Abstract Title:

Blackcurrant Anthocyanins Attenuate Weight Gain and Improve Glucose Metabolism in Diet-Induced Obese Mice with Intact, but Not Disrupted, Gut Microbiome.

Abstract Source:

J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Jun 12. Epub 2015 Jun 12. PMID: 26066489

Abstract Author(s):

Debora Esposito, Thanakorn Damsud, Mickey Wilson, Mary H Grace, Renee Strauch, Xu Li, Mary Ann Lila, Slavko Komarnytsky

Article Affiliation:

Debora Esposito

Abstract:

Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L) is a rich source of anthocyanins, however the relationship between their apparently limited bioavailability and significant protection against metabolic pathologies is poorly understood. In this study, we examined gastrointestinal distribution of blackcurrant anthocyanins and their phenolic acid metabolites in lean and diet-induced obese mice with healthy and antibiotic-disrupted microbiome. Daily consumption of low or high fat diet supplemented with 1% blackcurrant powdered extract (32% anthocyanins) for 8 weeks reduced body weight gain and improved glucose metabolism only in mice with the intact gut microbiome. Administration of antibiotic cocktail resulted in the 16-25 fold increase (P<0.001) in anthocyanin content of feces, and cyanidin-based anthocyanins showed the largest increase in fecal content upon disruption of gut microbiome (92.3±16.3 vs. 4,719±158 μg/g feces), indicating their high susceptibility to microbial degradation in the gut. A 3-fold enrichment (P<0.05) in gallic over protocatechuic acid was observed in the jejunum of both intact and antibiotic-treated animals, suggesting that this effect was likely independent of their gut microbiome status. Taken together, the data clearly demonstrate that gut microbiome and the type of the anthocyanin aglycone moiety can alter the protective effect of anthocyanins against obesity and associated insulin resistance.

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