Abstract Title:

Postprandial effects of dark chocolate on portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis: results of a phase 2, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Source:

Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Jul 18. Epub 2012 Jul 18. PMID: 22811444

Abstract Author(s):

Andrea De Gottardi, Annalisa Berzigotti, Susana Seijo, Mario D'Amico, Wolfgang Thormann, Juan G Abraldes, Juan Carlos García-Pagán, Jaime Bosch

Article Affiliation:

Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS and Centre de Diagnostic per l'Imatge, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: In cirrhosis, hepatic endothelial dysfunction as a result of oxidative stress contributes to the postprandial increase in hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG). OBJECTIVE: We aimed at testing the hypothesis that dark chocolate, which holds potent antioxidant properties, might attenuate the postprandial increase in HVPG in patients with cirrhosis. DESIGN: In this phase 2, double-blind, controlled study, 22 cirrhotic patients referred for HVPG measurement were included and randomly assigned to receive a liquid meal containing either dark chocolate (active treatment; 85% cocoa, 0.55 g/kg body wt; n = 11) or isocaloric amounts of white chocolate (devoid of cocoa flavonoids; control subjects; n = 11). HVPG, arterial pressure, portal blood flow, serum flavonoids (catechin and epicatechin), and nitric oxide were measured at baseline and 30 min after meal administration. The main outcome measure was the change in HVPG 30 min after the test meal. RESULTS: Postprandial hyperemia was accompanied by a marked increase in HVPG in the white-chocolate group (16.0± 4.7-19.7 ± 4.1 mm Hg or +26.4 ± 12.7%; P<0.0001), whereas the postprandial increase in HVPG was markedly attenuated in the dark-chocolate group (16.9± 2.9-18.7 ± 3.5 mm Hg or +11.5 ± 15.9%; P = 0.02 compared with white chocolate). Portal blood flow increased similarly after meals containing dark or white chocolate (median increase: 32% compared with 39%). Plasma flavonoids increased 15-50-fold after dark chocolate consumption. Dark but not white chocolate induced a mild increase in arterial pressure (+8.8 ± 8.8% compared with -0.3 ± 4.9%; P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: In patients with cirrhosis, dark chocolate blunted the postprandial increase in HVPG by improving flow-mediated hepatic vasorelaxation and ameliorated systemic hypotension. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01408966.

Study Type : Human Study

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