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Article Publish Status: FREE
Abstract Title:

A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract reverses insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis independently of body weight loss.

Abstract Source:

Mol Metab. 2017 Dec ;6(12):1563-1573. Epub 2017 Oct 18. PMID: 29107524

Abstract Author(s):

Fernando F Anhê, Renato T Nachbar, Thibault V Varin, Vanessa Vilela, Stéphanie Dudonné, Geneviève Pilon, Maryse Fournier, Marc-André Lecours, Yves Desjardins, Denis Roy, Emile Levy, André Marette

Article Affiliation:

Fernando F Anhê

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have reported that polyphenol-rich extracts from various sources can prevent obesity and associated gastro-hepatic and metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. However, whether such extracts can reverse obesity-linked metabolic alterations remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential of a polyphenol-rich extract from cranberry (CE) to reverse obesity and associated metabolic disorders in DIO-mice.

METHODS: Mice were pre-fed either a Chow or a High Fat-High Sucrose (HFHS) diet for 13 weeks to induce obesity and then treated either with CE (200 mg/kg, Chow + CE, HFHS + CE) or vehicle (Chow, HFHS) for 8 additional weeks.

RESULTS: CE did not reverse weight gain or fat mass accretion in Chow- or HFHS-fed mice. However, HFHS + CE fully reversed hepatic steatosis and this was linked to upregulation of genes involved in lipid catabolism (e.g., PPARα) and downregulation of several pro-inflammatory genes (eg, COX2, TNFα) in the liver. These findings were associated with improved glucose tolerance and normalization ofinsulin sensitivity in HFHS + CE mice. The gut microbiota of HFHS + CE mice was characterized by lower Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and a drastic expansion of Akkermansia muciniphila and, to a lesser extent, of Barnesiella spp, as compared to HFHS controls.

CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CE, without impacting body weight or adiposity, can fully reverse HFHS diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis while triggering A. muciniphila blooming in the gut microbiota, thus underscoring the gut-liver axis as a primary target of cranberry polyphenols.

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