Abstract Title:

Statins Trigger Mitochondrial ROS-Induced Apoptosis in Glycolytic Skeletal Muscle.

Abstract Source:

Antioxid Redox Signal. 2015 Sep 28. Epub 2015 Sep 28. PMID: 26414931

Abstract Author(s):

Jamal Bouitbir, François Singh, Anne-Laure Charles, Anna-Isabel Schlagowski, Annalisa Bonifacio, Andoni Echaniz-Laguna, Bernard Geny, Stephan Krähenbühl, Joffrey Zoll

Article Affiliation:

Jamal Bouitbir

Abstract:

AIMS: Although statins are the most widely used cholesterol-lowering agents, they are associated with a variety of muscle complaints. The goal of this study was to characterize the effects of statins on the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway induced by mitochondrial oxidative stress in skeletal muscle using human muscle biopsies as well as in vivo and in vitro models.

RESULTS: Statins increased mitochondrial H2O2 production, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and TUNEL staining in deltoid biopsies of patients with statin-associated myopathy. Furthermore, atorvastatin treatment for two weeks at 10 mg/kg/day in rats increased H2O2 accumulation, and mRNA levels and immunostaining of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, as well as TUNEL staining and caspase 3 cleavage in glycolytic (plantaris) skeletal muscle but not in oxidative (soleus) skeletal muscle, which has a high antioxidative capacity. Atorvastatin also decreased the GSH/GSSG ratio, but only in glycolytic skeletal muscle. Co-treatment with the antioxidant quercetin at 25 mg/kg/d abolished these effects in plantaris. An in vitro study with L6 myoblasts directly demonstrated the link between mitochondrial oxidative stress following atorvastatin exposure and activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway.

INNOVATION: Treatment with atorvastatin is associated with mitochondrial oxidative stress, which activates apoptosis and contributes to myopathy. Glycolytic muscles are more sensitive to atorvastatin than oxidative muscles, which may be due to the higher antioxidative capacity in oxidative muscles.

CONCLUSION: There is a link between statin-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway in glycolytic skeletal muscle, which may be associated with statin-associated myopathy.

Study Type : In Vitro Study

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