Myopathy https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/13638/all en Low-level laser therapy in experimental myopathy caused significant muscular and mitochondrial morphologic recovery. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/low-level-laser-therapy-experimental-myopathy-caused-significant-muscular-and- PMID:  Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Mar 9. Epub 2017 Mar 9. PMID: 28280999 Abstract Title:  Histomorphologic and ultrastructural recovery of myopathy in rats treated with low-level laser therapy. Abstract:  The purpose of the present work was to study the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT): helium-neon (He-Ne) and gallium arsenide (Ga-As) laser on the histomorphology of muscle and mitochondria in experimental myopathy in rats. Thirty Suquía strain female rats were distributed in groups: (A) control (intact), (B) injured, (C) injured and treated with He-Ne laser, (D) injured and treated with Ga-As laser, (E) irradiated with He-Ne laser on the non-injured muscle, and (F) irradiated with Ga-As laser on the non-injured muscle. Myopathywas induced by injecting 0.05 mg/rat/day of adrenaline in the left gastrocnemius muscle at the same point on five consecutive days, in groups B, C, and D. LLLT was applied with 9.5 J cm(-2) daily for seven consecutive days in groups C, D, E, and F. The muscles were examined with optic and electronic microscopy. The inflammation was classified as absent, mild, and intense and the degree of mitochondrial alteration was graded I, II, III, and IV. Categorical data were statistically analyzed by Chi-square and the Fisher-Irwin Bilateral test, setting significant difference at p <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/low-level-laser-therapy-experimental-myopathy-caused-significant-muscular-and-" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/low-level-laser-therapy-experimental-myopathy-caused-significant-muscular-and-#comments Myopathy Laser Treatment: Low-Level Animal Study Fri, 24 Mar 2017 08:25:47 +0000 greenmedinfo 145336 at https://greenmedinfo.com Osteomalacia associated severe proximal myopathy may be due to vitamin D deficiency. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/osteomalacia-associated-severe-proximal-myopathy-may-be-due-vitamin-d-deficien PMID:  Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008 Feb;294(2):R311-20. Epub 2007 Nov 21. PMID: 19534335 Abstract Title:  Severe proximal myopathy with remarkable recovery after vitamin D treatment. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Osteomalacia is an uncommon cause of muscle weakness. Our objectives were to describe features of myopathy associated with Vitamin D deficiency and examine the contributing factors leading to osteomalacic myopathy in our region. METHODS: Patients identified retrospectively for the six year period ending in December 2006 with the diagnosis of osteomalacia and/or Vitamin D deficiency associated proximal muscle weakness were included. They were followed in three major centers in western Saudi Arabia. Clinical, biochemical, radiological, and electrophysiological findings were collected before and after Vitamin D treatment by chart review. RESULTS: Forty seven female patients aged 13-46 years (mean 23.5, SD 4.5) were included. All were veiled and covered heavily when outside the house for social and cultural reasons. Only eight (17%) had adequate varied diet with daily milk ingestion. All patients presented with progressive proximal muscle weakness lasting 6-24 months (mean 14) prior to our evaluation. The weakness was severe in six (13%) patients leading to wheel chair bound states. Associated musculoskeletal pain involving the back, hips, or lower limbs was common (66%). Osteomalcia was the referral diagnosis in only 11 patients and the remaining 36 (77%) patients were misdiagnosed. All patients had metabolic and radiological profiles suggestive of osteomalacia. Remarkable recovery was documented in all patients following oral cholecalciferol and calcium supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency is an important treatable cause of osteomalacic myopathy in Saudi Arabia. The diagnosis is frequently delayed or missed. Screening for Vitamin D deficiency in patients with acquired myopathy is needed to identify this treatable disorder. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/osteomalacia-associated-severe-proximal-myopathy-may-be-due-vitamin-d-deficien#comments Myopathy Osteomalacia Vitamin D Human Study Sat, 16 Jan 2010 01:47:26 +0000 greenmedinfo 49399 at https://greenmedinfo.com Simvastatin altered gene targets known to be implicated in proteasomal and lysosomal mediated muscle proteolysis, carbohydrate oxidation, oxidative stress and inflammation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/simvastatin-altered-gene-targets-known-be-implicated-proteasomal-and-lysosomal PMID:  J Physiol. 2009 Jan 15 ;587(Pt 1):219-30. Epub 2008 Nov 10. PMID: 19001041 Abstract Title:  Blunted Akt/FOXO signalling and activation of genes controlling atrophy and fuel use in statin myopathy. Abstract:  Statins are used clinically for cholesterol reduction, but statin therapy is associated with myopathic changes through a poorly defined mechanism. We used an in vivo model of statin myopathy to determine whether statins up-regulate genes associated with proteasomal- and lysosomal-mediated proteolysis and whether PDK gene expression is simultaneously up-regulated leading to the impairment of muscle carbohydrate oxidation. Animals were dosed daily with 80 mg kg(-1) day(-1) simvastatin for 4 (n = 6) and 12 days (n = 5), 88 mg kg(-1) day(-1) simvastatin for 12 days (n = 4), or vehicle (0.5% w/v hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose and 0.1% w/v polysorbate 80; Control, n = 6) for 12 days by oral gavage. We found, in biceps femoris muscle, decreased Akt(Ser473), FOXO1(Ser253) and FOXO3a(Ser253) phosphorylation in the cytosol (P https://greenmedinfo.com/article/simvastatin-altered-gene-targets-known-be-implicated-proteasomal-and-lysosomal#comments Myopathy Statin-Induced Pathologies Inflammatory Interleukin-6 up-regulation Simvastatin Statin Drugs Tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα) up-regulation Gene Expression Animal Study Thu, 04 Jun 2015 14:14:11 +0000 greenmedinfo 118050 at https://greenmedinfo.com Statin drugs may induces myopathy without being indicated in abnormal creatine kinase levels. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/statin-drugs-may-induces-myopathy-without-being-indicated-abnormal-creatine-ki PMID:  Ann Intern Med. 2002 Oct 1;137(7):581-5. PMID: 12353945 Abstract Title:  Statin-associated myopathy with normal creatine kinase levels. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Muscle symptoms in patients who are treated with statins and have normal creatine kinase levels are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To report biopsy-confirmed myopathy and normal creatine kinase levels associated with statin use. DESIGN: Case reports from preliminary analysis of an ongoing clinical trial. SETTING: Clinical research center in a community hospital. PATIENTS: Four patients with muscle symptoms that developed during statin therapy and reversed during placebo use. MEASUREMENTS: 1) Patients&#039; ability to identify blinded statin therapy and 2) standard measures of functional capacity and muscle strength. RESULTS: All four patients repeatedly distinguished blinded statin therapy from placebo. Strength testing confirmed weakness during statin therapy that reversed during placebo use. Muscle biopsies showed evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction, including abnormally increased lipid stores, fibers that did not stain for cytochrome oxidase activity, and ragged red fibers. These findings reversed in the three patients who had repeated biopsy when they were not receiving statins. Creatine kinase levels were normal in all four patients despite the presence of significant myopathy. CONCLUSION: Some patients who develop muscle symptoms while receiving statin therapy have demonstrable weakness and histopathologic findings of myopathy despite normal serum creatine kinase levels. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/statin-drugs-may-induces-myopathy-without-being-indicated-abnormal-creatine-ki#comments Myopathy Statin Drugs Human Study Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:52:42 +0000 greenmedinfo 52603 at https://greenmedinfo.com Statin-associated myopathy may indicate structural muscle damage even when levels of creatine phosphokinase levels are normal. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/statin-associated-myopathy-may-indicate-structural-muscle-damage-even-when-lev PMID:  CMAJ. 2009 Jul 7;181(1-2):E11-8. PMID: 19581603 Abstract Title:  Association between statin-associated myopathy and skeletal muscle damage. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Many patients taking statins often complain of muscle pain and weakness. The extent to which muscle pain reflects muscle injury is unknown. METHODS: We obtained biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis muscle of 83 patients. Of the 44 patients with clinically diagnosed statin-associated myopathy, 29 were currently taking a statin, and 15 had discontinued statin therapy before the biopsy (minimal duration of discontinuation 3 weeks). We also included 19 patients who were taking statins and had no myopathy, and 20 patients who had never taken statins and had no myopathy. We classified the muscles as injured if 2% or more of the muscle fibres in a biopsy sample showed damage. Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we evaluated the expression levels of candidate genes potentially related to myocyte injury. RESULTS: Muscle injury was observed in 25 (of 44) patients with myopathy and in 1 patient without myopathy. Only 1 patient with structural injury had a circulating level of creatine phosphokinase that was elevated more than 1950 U/L (10x the upper limit of normal). Expression of ryanodine receptor 3 was significantly upregulated in patients with biopsy evidence of structural damage (1.7, standard error of the mean 0.3). INTERPRETATION: Persistent myopathy in patients taking statins reflects structural muscle damage. A lack of elevated levels of circulating creatine phosphokinase does not rule out structural muscle injury. Upregulation of the expression of ryanodine receptor 3 is suggestive of an intracellular calcium leak. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/statin-associated-myopathy-may-indicate-structural-muscle-damage-even-when-lev#comments Myopathy Statin Drugs Human Study Sat, 27 Feb 2010 01:17:34 +0000 greenmedinfo 52614 at https://greenmedinfo.com Statin-related myopathy is associated wtih low muscle levels of coenzyme Q10. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/statin-related-myopathy-associated-wtih-low-muscle-levels-coenzyme-q10 PMID:  Arch Neurol. 2005 Nov;62(11):1709-12. PMID: 16286544 Abstract Title:  Muscle coenzyme Q10 level in statin-related myopathy. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Statin drugs (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) reduce the level of cholesterol by inhibiting the synthesis of mevalonate, an intermediary in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Use of statin drugs has been associated with a variety of skeletal muscle-related complaints. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, is also synthesized from mevalonate, and decreased muscle CoQ10 concentration may have a role in the pathogenesis of statin drug-related myopathy. OBJECTIVES: To measure the CoQ10 concentration and respiratory chain enzyme activities in muscle biopsy specimens from 18 patients with statin drug-related myopathy and to look for evidence of apoptosis using the TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling) assay. DESIGN: An open-labeled study of CoQ10 concentration in muscle from patients with increased serum creatine kinase concentrations while receiving standard statin drug therapy. SETTING: Neuromuscular centers at 2 academic tertiary care hospitals. RESULTS: Muscle structure was essentially normal in 14 patients and showed evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and nonspecific myopathic changes in 2 patients each. Muscle CoQ10 concentration was not statistically different between patients and control subjects, but it was more than 2 SDs below the normal mean in 3 patients and more than 1 SD below normal in 7 patients. There was no TUNEL positivity in any patients. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that statin drug-related myopathy is associated with a mild decrease in muscle CoQ10 concentration, which does not cause histochemical or biochemical evidence of mitochondrial myopathy or morphologic evidence of apoptosis in most patients. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/statin-related-myopathy-associated-wtih-low-muscle-levels-coenzyme-q10#comments Mitochondrial Myopathies Myopathy Statin-Induced Pathologies Statin Drugs Human Study Sat, 27 Feb 2010 01:10:18 +0000 greenmedinfo 52610 at https://greenmedinfo.com Statins have been associated with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/statins-have-been-associated-immune-mediated-necrotizing-myopathy We report patients from two neuromuscular centers who were evaluated between the years 2000 and 2008 and met the following criteria: (1) proximal muscle weakness occurring during or after treatment with statins; (2) elevated serum creatine kinase (CK); (3) persistence of weakness and elevated CK despite discontinuation of the statin; (4) improvement with immunosuppressive agents; and (5) muscle biopsy showing necrotizing myopathy without significant inflammation. Twenty-five patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Twenty-four patients required multiple immunosuppressive agents. Fifteen patients relapsed after being tapered off immunosuppressive therapy. Exposure to statins prior to onset was significantly higher in patients with necrotizing myopathy (82%) as compared to those with dermatomyositis (18%), polymyositis (24%), and inclusion-body myositis (38%) seen in the same time period. The lack of improvement following discontinuation of statins, the need for immunosuppressive therapy, and frequent relapse when treatment was tapered suggest an immune-mediated etiology for this rare, statin-associated necrotizing myopathy. PMID:  Muscle Nerve. 2010 Feb;41(2):185-90. PMID: 19813188 Abstract Title:  Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy associated with statins. Abstract:  We report patients from two neuromuscular centers who were evaluated between the years 2000 and 2008 and met the following criteria: (1) proximal muscle weakness occurring during or after treatment with statins; (2) elevated serum creatine kinase (CK); (3) persistence of weakness and elevated CK despite discontinuation of the statin; (4) improvement with immunosuppressive agents; and (5) muscle biopsy showing necrotizing myopathy without significant inflammation. Twenty-five patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Twenty-four patients required multiple immunosuppressive agents. Fifteen patients relapsed after being tapered off immunosuppressive therapy. Exposure to statins prior to onset was significantly higher in patients with necrotizing myopathy (82%) as compared to those with dermatomyositis (18%), polymyositis (24%), and inclusion-body myositis (38%) seen in the same time period. The lack of improvement following discontinuation of statins, the need for immunosuppressive therapy, and frequent relapse when treatment was tapered suggest an immune-mediated etiology for this rare, statin-associated necrotizing myopathy. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/statins-have-been-associated-immune-mediated-necrotizing-myopathy" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/statins-have-been-associated-immune-mediated-necrotizing-myopathy#comments Autoimmune Diseases Myopathy Statin-Induced Pathologies Statin Drugs Human Study Sat, 27 Feb 2010 01:07:30 +0000 greenmedinfo 52608 at https://greenmedinfo.com Supplementation with coenzyme Q10 may decrease myopathic symptoms in patients treated with statins. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/supplementation-coenzyme-q10-may-decrease-myopathic-symptoms-patients-treated- PMID:  Am J Cardiol. 2007 May 15;99(10):1409-12. Epub 2007 Apr 3. PMID: 17493470 Abstract Title:  Effect of coenzyme q10 on myopathic symptoms in patients treated with statins. Abstract:  Treatment of hypercholesterolemia with statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) is effective in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, statin use is often associated with a variety of muscle-related symptoms or myopathies. Myopathy may be related in part to statin inhibition of the endogenous synthesis of coenzyme Q10, an essential cofactor for mitochondrial energy production. The aim of this study is to determine whether coenzyme Q10 supplementation would reduce the degree of muscle pain associated with statin treatment. Patients with myopathic symptoms were randomly assigned in a double-blinded protocol to treatment with coenzyme Q10 (100 mg/day, n = 18) or vitamin E (400 IU/day, n = 14) for 30 days. Muscle pain and pain interference with daily activities were assessed before and after treatment. After a 30-day intervention, pain severity decreased by 40% (p https://greenmedinfo.com/article/supplementation-coenzyme-q10-may-decrease-myopathic-symptoms-patients-treated-#comments Coenzyme Q10 Myopathy Statin-Induced Pathologies Human Study Sat, 27 Feb 2010 01:11:12 +0000 greenmedinfo 52611 at https://greenmedinfo.com