Colon Polyps https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/1397/all en A high-fiber, high-fruit and -vegetable, and low-fat eating pattern reduces colon polyp recurrence. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/high-fiber-high-fruit-and-vegetable-and-low-fat-eating-pattern-reduces-colon-p PMID:  Am J Epidemiol. 2009 Sep 1;170(5):576-84. Epub 2009 Jul 30. PMID: 19643809 Abstract Title:  The effect of strict adherence to a high-fiber, high-fruit and -vegetable, and low-fat eating pattern on adenoma recurrence. Abstract:  Individual differences in dietary intake are thought to account for substantial variation in cancer incidence. However, there has been a consistent lack of effect for low-fat, high-fiber dietary interventions and risk of colorectal cancer. These inconsistencies may reflect the multistage process of cancer as well as the range and timing of dietary change. Another potential reason for the lack of effect is poor dietary adherence among participants in these trials. The authors examined the effect of strict adherence to a low-fat, high-fiber, high-fruit and -vegetable intervention over 4 years among participants (n = 1,905) in the US Polyp Prevention Trial (1991-1998) on colorectal adenoma recurrence. There was a wide range of individual variation in the level of compliance among intervention participants. The most adherent participants, defined as &quot;super compliers&quot; (n = 210), consistently reported that they met or exceeded each of the 3 dietary goals at all 4 annual visits. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between dietary adherence and adenoma recurrence. The authors observed a 35% reduced odds of adenoma recurrence among super compliers compared with controls (odds ratio = 0.65, 95% confidence interval: 0.47, 0.92). Findings suggest that high compliance with a low-fat, high-fiber diet is associated with reduced risk of adenoma recurrence. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/high-fiber-high-fruit-and-vegetable-and-low-fat-eating-pattern-reduces-colon-p#comments Colon Polyps Fiber Fruit: All Vegetables: All Dietary Modification: High-fiber/high-fruit/high-vegetable/low-fat Human Study Sun, 20 Sep 2009 12:16:25 +0000 greenmedinfo 47258 at https://greenmedinfo.com A mineral-rich red algae extract inhibits polyp formation and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract of mice on a high-fat diet. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mineral-rich-red-algae-extract-inhibits-polyp-formation-and-inflammation-gastr PMID:  Integr Cancer Ther. 2010 Feb 11. Epub 2010 Feb 11. PMID: 20150219 Abstract Title:  A mineral-rich red algae extract inhibits polyp formation and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract of mice on a high-fat diet. Abstract:  The purpose of this study was to determine whether a mineral-rich extract derived from the red marine algae Lithothamnion calcareum could be used as a dietary supplement for chemoprevention against colon polyp formation. A total of 60 C57bl/6 mice were divided into 3 groups based on diet. One group received a low-fat, rodent chow diet (AIN76A). The second group received a high-fat &quot;Western-style&quot; diet (HFWD). The third group was fed the same HFWD with the mineral-rich extract included as a dietary supplement. Mice were maintained on the respective diets for 15 months. Autopsies were performed at the time of death or at the completion of the study. To summarize, the cumulative mortality rate was higher in mice on the HFWD during the 15-month period (55%) than in mice from the low-fat diet or the extract-supplemented high-fat diet groups (20% and 30%, respectively; P https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mineral-rich-red-algae-extract-inhibits-polyp-formation-and-inflammation-gastr#comments Colon Polyps Intestinal Polyps Red Marine Algae Animal Study Sat, 13 Feb 2010 20:08:52 +0000 greenmedinfo 51281 at https://greenmedinfo.com A mixture of phytochemicals naturally present in foods represents a plausible chemopreventive agent for colorectal cancer. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mixture-phytochemicals-naturally-present-foods-represents-plausible-chemopreve PMID:  Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2011 Jun ;4(6):907-15. Epub 2011 Mar 7. PMID: 21383028 Abstract Title:  Chemoprevention of intestinal polyps in ApcMin/+ mice fed with western or balanced diets by drinking annurca apple polyphenol extract. Abstract:  The Western diet (WD) is associated with a higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) than the Mediterranean diet. Polyphenols extracted from Annurca apple showed chemopreventive properties in CRC cells. A multifactorial, four-arm study by using wild-type (wt) and Apc(Min/+) mice was carried out to evaluate the effect on polyp number and growth of APE treatment (60μmol/L) ad libitum in drinking water combined with a WD or a balanced diet (BD) for 12 weeks. Compared with APE treatment, we found a significant drop in body weight (P&lt;0.0001), severe rectal bleeding (P = 0.0076), presence of extraintestinal tumors, and poorer activity status (P = 0.0034) in water-drinking Apc(Min/+) mice, more remarkably in the WD arm. In the BD and WD groups, APE reduced polyp number (35% and 42%, respectively, P&lt;0.001) and growth (60% and 52%, respectively, P&lt;0.0001) in both colon and small intestine. Increased antioxidant activity was found in wt animals fed both diets and in Apc(Min/+) mice fed WD and drinking APE. Reduced lipid peroxidation was found in Apc(Min/+) mice drinking APE fed both diets and in wt mice fed WD. In normal mucosa, mice drinking water had lower global levels of DNA methylation than mice drinking APE. APE treatment is highly effective in reducing polyps in Apc(Min/+) mice and supports the concept that a mixture of phytochemicals, as they are naturally present in foods, represent a plausible chemopreventive agent for CRC, particularly in populations at high risk for colorectal neoplasia. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mixture-phytochemicals-naturally-present-foods-represents-plausible-chemopreve#comments Apple Polyphenols Apples Colon Polyps Colorectal Cancer Colorectal Cancer: Prevention Flavonoids Antioxidants Chemopreventive Dietary Concentrations Animal Study Thu, 04 Jun 2015 22:49:45 +0000 greenmedinfo 118070 at https://greenmedinfo.com Ascorbic acid to prevent postpolypectomy bleeding in the colon. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ascorbic-acid-prevent-postpolypectomy-bleeding-colon PMID:  Asian J Endosc Surg. 2022 Jan ;15(1):103-109. Epub 2021 Aug 27. PMID: 34448547 Abstract Title:  Ascorbic Acid to Prevent Postpolypectomy Bleeding in the Colon: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Abstract:  INTRODUCTION: It has been reported that vitamin C replacement can quickly reverse nonspecific bleeding in surgical patients with normal coagulation parameters. We evaluated the effect of intravenous ascorbic acid administration for prevention of postpolypectomy bleeding in large polyps of the colon.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with large polyps with heads larger than 10 mm, stalk diameter larger than 5 mm, and a length larger than 10 mm were included in this randomized controlled clinical trial. In the study group, the first 500 mg intravenous dose of vitamin C diluted in normal saline was administered 2 h before colonoscopic resection of polyps and the second and third similar doses were administered on days 2 and 3 of polypectomy, respectively. The control group received normal saline in a similar fashion. The resection of polyps was performed in snare and cut-blend mode. Early and late postoperative bleeding were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: A total of 153 polyps were resected by endoscopic polypectomy. Early bleeding was observed in 7.2% of the patients, which was significantly lower in the vitamin C group (2.6% vs 11.8%, P = 0.03). Late bleeding was observed in 6.5% of the patients with a trend lower in the vitamin C group (2.6% vs 10.5%, P = 0.057). The proportion of postprocedural bleeding was significantly higher in the vitamin C group (5% vs 20%, P = 0.007). Hazard ratios of early and postprocedural bleeding were 78% and 76% lower in the vitamin C group compared to the control group (P<p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ascorbic-acid-prevent-postpolypectomy-bleeding-colon" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ascorbic-acid-prevent-postpolypectomy-bleeding-colon#comments Colon Polyps Vitamin C Gastrointestinal Agents Risk Reduction Human Study Sun, 09 Jan 2022 06:28:18 +0000 greenmedinfo 251395 at https://greenmedinfo.com Broad bean extracts have hypo-cholesterolemic and anti-carcinogenic effects. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/broad-bean-extracts-have-hypo-cholesterolemic-and-anti-carcinogenic-effects PMID:  Nutr Cancer. 2016 Jul ;68(5):856-64. Epub 2016 Jun 9. PMID: 27282923 Abstract Title:  Hypocholesterolemic and Anticarcinogenic Effect of Vicia faba Protein Hydrolyzates. Abstract:  In recent years, the consumption of vegetal-source proteins has been studied to determine their preventing effect on the development of several chronic diseases. The initial purpose of this report was to determine the effect of a hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) given to mice, alone or with azoxymethane (AOM), on various obesity biochemical biomarkers, as well as on the induction of colon aberrant crypts (aberrant crypt foci; ACF). At the end of the 5-week assay, animals fed the HCD showed alterations in the level of total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoproteins, and in the Atherogenic Index; besides, a significant elevation was observed in the number of ACF. Our second aim was to examine the effect of a Faba Protein Hydrolyzate (FPH) on mice fed the HCD. We first obtained protein hydrolyzates from the seeds of Vicia faba, determined the in vitro antioxidant potential with two tests, and, subsequently, evaluated the effect on obesity biomarkers and on the number of ACF. In the first case, we found that, generally, the best protective effect was obtained with the low dose of FPH (10 mg/kg) administered to animals fed the HCD, and injected AOM. With respect to the number of ACF, we observed that this dose was more effective, inhibiting such lesions to almost the level determined for the normocholesterolemic diet (NCD). Therefore, our results demonstrated the relevance of a HCDto develop anomalies in obesity biomarkers in mouse, as well as to increase the number of precarcinogenic lesions. Our results also showed a protective response with the administration of FPH, particularly with a specific dose, suggesting the need for extending research on the matter by widening the spectra of doses, in order to clearly define its potential to counteract the damage induced by the HCD, as well as to confirm if antioxidation in mice was involved in such an effect. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/broad-bean-extracts-have-hypo-cholesterolemic-and-anti-carcinogenic-effects" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/broad-bean-extracts-have-hypo-cholesterolemic-and-anti-carcinogenic-effects#comments Beans: All Colon Polyps Obesity Anticarcinogenic Agents Anticholesteremic Agents In Vitro Study Mon, 26 Dec 2016 20:03:59 +0000 greenmedinfo 140985 at https://greenmedinfo.com Curcumin inhibits colon polyp formation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-inhibits-colon-polyp-formation PMID:  Br J Cancer. 2003 May 6;88(9):1480-3. PMID: 12778080 Abstract Title:  Age-related difference in susceptibility of Apc(Min/+) mice towards the chemopreventive efficacy of dietary aspirin and curcumin. Abstract:  The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug aspirin and the spice curcumin retard adenoma formation when administered long-term to Apc(Min/+) mice, a model of human familial adenomatous polyposis coli. Both agents interfere with cyclooxygenase activity. When aspirin is administered to Apc(Min/+) mice only postweaning, but not before, it is inefficacious, while curcumin given postweaning is active. Here the hypothesis was tested that dietary aspirin (0.05%) or curcumin (0.2%) prevent or delay adenoma formation in offsprings when administered to Apc(Min/+) mothers and up to the end of weaning, but not afterwards. Whereas curcumin was without effect when administered in this way, aspirin reduced numbers of intestinal adenomas by 21%. When aspirin given up to the end of weaning was combined with curcumin administered from the end of weaning for the rest of the animals&#039; lifetime, intestinal adenoma numbers were reduced by 38%. The combination was not superior to intervention postweaning with curcumin alone. These results show that aspirin exerts chemopreventive activity in the Apc(Min/+) mouse during tumour initiation/early promotion, while curcumin is efficacious when given at a later stage of carcinogenic progression. Thus, the results suggest that in this mouse model aspirin and curcumin act during different &#039;windows&#039; of neoplastic development. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-inhibits-colon-polyp-formation#comments Colon Cancer Colon Polyps Curcumin Anticarcinogenic Agents Chemopreventive Animal Study Tue, 22 Feb 2011 04:07:30 +0000 greenmedinfo 61979 at https://greenmedinfo.com Curcumin prevents colon carcinogenesis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-prevents-colon-carcinogenesis PMID:  Carcinogenesis. 1999 Apr;20(4):641-4. PMID: 10223193 Abstract Title:  Chemoprevention of colonic aberrant crypt foci by an inducible nitric oxide synthase-selective inhibitor. Abstract:  Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is overexpressed in colonic tumors of humans and also in rats treated with a colon carcinogen. iNOS appear to regulate cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and production of proinflammatory prostaglandins, which are known to play a key role in colon tumor development. Experiments were designed to study the inhibitory effects of S,S&#039;-1,4-phenylene-bis(1,2-ethanediyl)bis-isothiourea (PBIT) a selective iNOS-specific inhibitor, measured against formation of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF). Beginning at 5 weeks of age, male F344 rats were fed experimental diets containing 0 or 50 p.p.m. of PBIT, or 2000 p.p.m. of curcumin (non-specific iNOS inhibitor). One week later, rats were injected s.c. with AOM (15 mg/kg body wt, once weekly for 2 weeks). At 17 weeks of age, all rats were killed, colons were evaluated for ACF formation and colonic mucosa was assayed for isoforms of COX and NOS activities. Both COX and iNOS activities in colonic mucosa of the AOM-treated rats were significantly induced. Importantly, 50 p.p.m. PBIT suppressed AOM-induced colonic ACF formation to 58% (P https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-prevents-colon-carcinogenesis#comments Colon Cancer Colon Polyps Curcumin Anticarcinogenic Agents Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors Enzyme Inhibitors Nitric Oxide Inhibitor Animal Study Thu, 24 Feb 2011 04:05:13 +0000 greenmedinfo 62157 at https://greenmedinfo.com Curcumin prevents the development of chemically-induced precancerous colonic lesions in male obese mice. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-prevents-development-chemically-induced-precancerous-colonic-lesions- PMID:  Nutr Cancer. 2012 Jan ;64(1):72-9. Epub 2011 Dec 15. PMID: 22172229 Abstract Title:  Preventive Effects of Curcumin on the Development of Azoxymethane-Induced Colonic Preneoplastic Lesions in Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db Obese Mice. Abstract:  Obesity-related metabolic abnormalities include a state of chronic inflammation and adipocytokine imbalance, which increase the risk of colon cancer. Curcumin, a component of turmeric, exerts both cancer preventive and antiinflammatory properties. Curcumin is also expected to have the ability to reverse obesity-related metabolic derangements. The present study examined the effects of curcumin on the development of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic premalignant lesions in C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) obese mice. Feeding with a diet containing 0.2% and 2.0% curcumin caused a significant reduction in the total number of colonic premalignant lesions compared with basal diet-fed mice. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNAs on the colonic mucosa of AOM-treated mice were significantly decreased by curcumin administration. Dietary feeding with curcumin markedly activated AMP-activated kinase, decreased the expression of COX-2 protein, and inhibited nuclear factor-κB activity on the colonic mucosa of AOM-treated mice. Curcumin also increased the serum levels of adiponectin while conversely decreasing the serum levels of leptin and the weights of fat. In conclusion, curcumin inhibits the development of colonic premalignant lesions in an obesity-related colorectal carcinogenesis model, at least in part, by attenuating chronic inflammation and improving adipocytokine imbalance. Curcumin may be useful in the chemoprevention of colorectal carcinogenesis in obese individuals. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-prevents-development-chemically-induced-precancerous-colonic-lesions-#comments Colon Cancer Colon Polyps Curcumin Precancerous Conditions Chemopreventive Animal Study Wed, 01 Feb 2012 20:11:43 +0000 greenmedinfo 71023 at https://greenmedinfo.com Curcumin protects against familial adenomatous polyposis and decreases intestinal bleeding as compared to NSAID drugs. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-protects-against-familial-adenomatous-polyposis-and-decreases-intesti PMID:  Biol Pharm Bull. 2009 Mar;32(3):382-8. PMID: 12050094 Abstract Title:  Chemopreventive efficacy and pharmacokinetics of curcumin in the min/+ mouse, a model of familial adenomatous polyposis. Abstract:  Curcumin, the major yellow pigment in turmeric, prevents the development of adenomas in the intestinal tract of the C57Bl/6J Min/+ mouse, a model of human familial APC. To aid the rational development of curcumin as a colorectal cancer-preventive agent, we explored the link between its chemopreventive potency in the Min/+ mouse and levels of drug and metabolites in target tissue and plasma. Mice received dietary curcumin for 15 weeks, after which adenomas were enumerated. Levels of curcumin and metabolites were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography in plasma, tissues, and feces of mice after either long-term ingestion of dietary curcumin or a single dose of [(14)C]curcumin (100 mg/kg) via the i.p. route. Whereas curcumin at 0.1% in the diet was without effect, at 0.2 and 0.5%, it reduced adenoma multiplicity by 39 and 40%, respectively, compared with untreated mice. Hematocrit values in untreated Min/+ mice were drastically reduced compared with those in wild-type C57Bl/6J mice. Dietary curcumin partially restored the suppressed hematocrit. Traces of curcumin were detected in the plasma. Its concentration in the small intestinal mucosa, between 39 and 240 nmol/g of tissue, reflects differences in dietary concentration. [(14)C]Curcumin disappeared rapidly from tissues and plasma within 2-8 h after dosing. Curcumin may be useful in the chemoprevention of human intestinal malignancies related to Apc mutations. The comparison of dose, resulting curcumin levels in the intestinal tract, and chemopreventive potency suggests tentatively that a daily dose of 1.6 g of curcumin is required for efficacy in humans. A clear advantage of curcumin over nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is its ability to decrease intestinal bleeding linked to adenoma maturation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-protects-against-familial-adenomatous-polyposis-and-decreases-intesti#comments Colon Cancer Colon Polyps Curcumin Intestinal Polyps Antineoplastic Agents Chemopreventive Animal Study Wed, 23 Feb 2011 17:12:42 +0000 greenmedinfo 62036 at https://greenmedinfo.com Effect of orally administered bovine lactoferrin on the growth of adenomatous colorectal polyps. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/effect-orally-administered-bovine-lactoferrin-growth-adenomatous-colorectal-po n/a PMID:  Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2009 Nov ;2(11):975-83. Epub 2009 Oct 27. PMID: 19861543 Abstract Title:  Effect of orally administered bovine lactoferrin on the growth of adenomatous colorectal polyps in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Abstract:  Lactoferrin (LF), a secreted, iron binding glycoprotein originally discovered as a component of milk, is found in a variety of exocrine secretions and in the secondary granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Animal experiments have shown that oral administration of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) exerts anticarcinogenesis effects in the colon and other organs of the rat. The aim of this study was to determine whether oral bLF could inhibit the growth of adenomatous colorectal polyps in human patients. A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was conducted in 104 participants, ages 40 to 75 years, with polyps https://greenmedinfo.com/article/effect-orally-administered-bovine-lactoferrin-growth-adenomatous-colorectal-po#comments Colon Polyps Colorectal Cancer Lactoferrin Chemopreventive Human Study Thu, 27 Feb 2020 00:57:45 +0000 greenmedinfo 214029 at https://greenmedinfo.com Mangiferin inhibits bowel carcinogenesis in male rats. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mangiferin-inhibits-bowel-carcinogenesis-male-rats PMID:  Cancer Lett. 2001 Feb 26;163(2):163-70. PMID: 11165750 Abstract Title:  The inhibitory effects of mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, in bowel carcinogenesis of male F344 rats. Abstract:  Mangiferin, 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone-C2-beta-D-glucoside, is one of xanthone derivatives and C-glucosylxanthones, is widely distributed in higher plants and is one of constituents of folk medicines. Recent studies showed that mangiferin has a potential as an anti-oxidant and an anti-viral agent. In this study, we examined the effects of mangiferin in rat colon carcinogenesis induced by chemical carcinogen, azoxymethane (AOM). We performed two experiments: a short-term assay to investigate the effects of mangiferin on the development of preneoplastic lesions by AOM, aberrant crypt foci (ACF), and the following long-term assay for the influence of mangiferin on tumorigenesis induced by AOM. In the short-term assay, 0.1% mangiferin in a diet significantly inhibited the ACF development in rats treated with AOM compared to rats treated with AOM alone (64.6+/-22.0 vs. 108.3+/-43.0). In the long-term assay, the group treated with 0.1% mangiferin in initiation phase of the experimental protocol had significantly lower incidence and multiplicity of intestinal neoplasms induced by AOM (47.3 and 41.8% reductions of the group treated with AOM alone for incidence and multiplicity, respectively). In addition, the cell proliferation in colonic mucosa was reduced in rats treated with mangiferin (65-85% reductions of the group treated with AOM alone). These results suggest that mangiferin has potential as a naturally-occurring chemopreventive agent. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mangiferin-inhibits-bowel-carcinogenesis-male-rats#comments Colon Cancer Colon Polyps Mangiferin Anticarcinogenic Agents Antiproliferative Chemopreventive Xanthones Animal Study Fri, 11 Mar 2011 21:07:42 +0000 greenmedinfo 62648 at https://greenmedinfo.com Mediterranean dietary components are inversely associated with advanced colorectal polyps. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mediterranean-dietary-components-are-inversely-associated-advanced-colorectal- PMID:  World J Gastroenterol. 2018 Jun 28 ;24(24):2617-2627. PMID: 29962818 Abstract Title:  Mediterranean dietary components are inversely associated with advanced colorectal polyps: A case-control study. Abstract:  AIM: To evaluate the association between the Mediterranean diet (MD) pattern and its components, and advanced colorectal polyps (adenoma and serrated adenoma).METHODS: A case-control study among patients undergoing screening, diagnostic or surveillance colonoscopies during 2010-2015 at the Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Gastroenterology Department. Cases with advanced polyps were defined as: Advanced adenoma [&gt;10 mm, with features of high grade dysplasia (HGD) or villous histology], advanced serrated adenoma (&gt;10 mm or with dysplasia) or multiple (≥ 3) non-advanced adenomas or serrated adenomas. Cases of non-advanced adenomas were defined as adenomas<p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mediterranean-dietary-components-are-inversely-associated-advanced-colorectal-" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mediterranean-dietary-components-are-inversely-associated-advanced-colorectal-#comments Colon Polyps Colorectal Cancer Chemopreventive Dietary Modification: Mediterranean Diet Human Study Mon, 16 Jul 2018 21:37:20 +0000 greenmedinfo 167442 at https://greenmedinfo.com Pterostilbene inhibits colorectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and colon carcinogenesis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/pterostilbene-inhibits-colorectal-aberrant-crypt-foci-acf-and-colon-carcinogen PMID:  J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Aug 11;58(15):8833-41. PMID: 20681671 Abstract Title:  Pterostilbene inhibits colorectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and colon carcinogenesis via suppression of multiple signal transduction pathways in azoxymethane-treated mice. Abstract:  Pterostilbene (PS), a natural dimethylated analogue of resveratrol, is known to have diverse pharmacologic activities including anticancer, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, apoptosis, antiproliferation, and analgesic potential. This paper reports the inhibitory effect of dietary administration of pterostilbene against the formation of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) preneoplastic lesions and adenomas in male ICR mice and delineates its possible molecular mechanisms. ICR mice were given two AOM injections intraperitoneal and continuously fed a 50 or 250 ppm pterostilbene diet for 6 or 23 weeks. It was found that the dietary administration of pterostilbene effectively reduced AOM-induced formation of ACF and adenomas and inhibited the transcriptional activation of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA and proteins in mouse colon stimulated by AOM. Treatment with pterostilbene resulted in the induction of apoptosis in mouse colon. Moreover, administration of pterostilbene for 23 weeks significantly suppressed AOM-induced GSK3beta phosphorylation and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. It was also found that pterostilbene significantly inhibited AOM-induced expression of VEGF, cyclin D1, and MMPs in mouse colon. Furthermore, pterostilbene markedly inhibited AOM-induced activation of Ras, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt, and EGFR signaling pathways. All of these results revealed that pterostilbene is an effective antitumor agent as well as its inhibitory effect through the down-regulation of inflammatory iNOS and COX-2 gene expression and up-regulation of apoptosis in mouse colon, suggesting that pterostilbene is a novel functional agent capable of preventing inflammation-associated colon tumorigenesis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/pterostilbene-inhibits-colorectal-aberrant-crypt-foci-acf-and-colon-carcinogen#comments Colon Cancer Colon Polyps Pterostilbene Chemopreventive Stilbenes Animal Study Thu, 03 Mar 2011 02:51:04 +0000 greenmedinfo 62315 at https://greenmedinfo.com Pterostilbene, an active constituent of blueberries, suppresses aberrant crypt foci formation in the azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis model in rats. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/pterostilbene-active-constituent-blueberries-suppresses-aberrant-crypt-foci-fo PMID:  Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Jan 1;13(1):350-5. PMID: 17200374 Abstract Title:  Pterostilbene, an active constituent of blueberries, suppresses aberrant crypt foci formation in the azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis model in rats. Abstract:  PURPOSE: Epidemiologic studies have linked the consumption of fruits and vegetables to reduced risk of several types of cancer. Laboratory animal model studies have provided evidence that stilbenes, phenolic compounds present in grapes and blueberries, play a role in inhibiting the risk of certain cancers. Pterostilbene, a naturally occurring stilbene from blueberries, was tested for its preventive activity against colon carcinogenesis.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Experiments were designed to study the inhibitory effect of pterostilbene against the formation of azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) preneoplastic lesions in male F344 rats. Beginning at 7 weeks of age, rats were treated with azoxymethane (15 mg/kg body weight s.c., once weekly for 2 weeks). One day after the second azoxymethane treatment, rats were fed experimental diets containing 0 or 40 ppm of pterostilbene. At 8 weeks after the second azoxymethane treatment, all rats were sacrificed, and colons were evaluated for ACF formation and for inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Effects on mucin MUC2 were also determined.RESULTS: Administration of pterostilbene for 8 weeks significantly suppressed azoxymethane-induced formation of ACF (57% inhibition, P https://greenmedinfo.com/article/pterostilbene-active-constituent-blueberries-suppresses-aberrant-crypt-foci-fo#comments Chemical Exposure Colon Cancer Colon Polyps Pterostilbene Chemopreventive Plant Extracts Stilbenes Animal Study Thu, 03 Mar 2011 02:52:41 +0000 greenmedinfo 62317 at https://greenmedinfo.com Quercetin, curcumin, ginseng and rutin exhibit anti-cancer activity in an animal model of colon cancer. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/quercetin-curcumin-ginseng-and-rutin-exhibit-anti-cancer-activity-animal-model PMID:  Arch Neurol. 2003 Feb;60(2):194-200. PMID: 15831530 Abstract Title:  Modulation of aberrant crypt foci and apoptosis by dietary herbal supplements (quercetin, curcumin, silymarin, ginseng and rutin). Abstract:  It is estimated that one-third of Americans use dietary herbal supplements on a regular basis. Diets rich in bioactive phytochemicals are associated with reduced risk of certain cancers, notably, colon cancer. Herbal supplements have not been directly tested as sources of bioactive cancer preventives. Hence, this study compares the ability of four herbal flavonoids (quercetin, curcumin, rutin and silymarin) and one whole herb mixture (ginseng powder) to suppress aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in an azoxymethane (AOM)-induced rat colon cancer model. Second, this study examines the effect of these herbal compounds on apoptosis and the mechanisms by which these compounds evoke apoptosis. The results of this study show that diets containing quercetin, curcumin, silymarin, ginseng and rutin decreased the number of ACFs by 4-, 2-, 1.8-, 1.5- and 1.2-fold, respectively compared with control. Histological analysis of the colon mucosa revealed that all the herbal supplements, except silymarin, induced apoptosis, with quercetin being the most potent (3x increase compared with control). Furthermore, ginseng and curcumin were region-specific in inducing apoptosis. The ability of quercetin and curcumin to modulate ACFs correlates well with their ability to induce apoptosis. Western blot analysis of caspase 9, Bax (proapoptotic) and Bcl-2 (antiapoptotic) proteins from the colon scraping suggests that quercetin and curcumin induce apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that these herbal supplements may exert significant and potentially beneficial effects on decreasing the amount of precancerous lesions and inducing apoptosis in the large intestine. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/quercetin-curcumin-ginseng-and-rutin-exhibit-anti-cancer-activity-animal-model#comments Colon Cancer Colon Polyps Curcumin Gastrointestinal polyps Ginseng Quercetin Rutin Anticarcinogenic Agents Antioxidants Chemopreventive Plant Extracts Animal Study Sat, 19 Feb 2011 02:26:20 +0000 greenmedinfo 61851 at https://greenmedinfo.com