Ammonia: Elevated https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/14643/all en Biochanin A reduces the abundance of proteolytic bacteria and production of ammonia. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/biochanin-reduces-abundance-proteolytic-bacteria-and-production-ammonia PMID:  Animals (Basel). 2020 Feb 25 ;10(3). Epub 2020 Feb 25. PMID: 32106487 Abstract Title:  Biochanin A Inhibits Ruminal Nitrogen-Metabolizing Bacteria and Alleviates the Decomposition of Amino Acids and Urea In Vitro. Abstract:  Biochanin A is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound that is found in plant species such as red clover () and alfalfa (). Flavonoids have been reported to regulate ruminal fermentation, and the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochanin A on ruminal microbial composition and nitrogen metabolism. The experiment was performed by in vitro batch culturing of a control (without biochanin A) and a biochanin A treatment. Following a 24-h incubation, gas production and the amounts of ammonia-nitrogen (NH-N), volatile fatty acid (VFA), and amino acids were measured. Microbial population using 16S rRNA gene sequence. We found that the addition of biochanin A significantly increased microbial gas production; but had no effect on VFA production. Biochanin A supplementation also resulted in reduced microbial urease activity with half the maximal inhibitory concentration of 320 nM and also inhibited the degradation rates of total amino acids, valine, lysine, methionine and leucine by 18%, 56%, 37%, 13%, and 12%, respectively. This inhibition of urease activity and amino acid decomposition resulted in a significant reduction in the NH-N concentration. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA sequence to monitor microbial composition showed that biochanin A significantly reduced the abundance of the proteolytic bacteriaand ureolytic bacteria, but increased the abundance of the lactic acid metabolizing bacteriaand. In conclusion, biochanin A reduced the production of ammonia by inhibiting proteolytic bacteria and their decomposition of urea and amino acids. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/biochanin-reduces-abundance-proteolytic-bacteria-and-production-ammonia" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/biochanin-reduces-abundance-proteolytic-bacteria-and-production-ammonia#comments Ammonia: Elevated Biochanin A Red Clover Antimicrobial In Vitro Study Mon, 23 Mar 2020 22:02:18 +0000 greenmedinfo 216944 at https://greenmedinfo.com Bitter melon (M. charantia) may have a therapeutic role in conditions involving elevated ammonia levels. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/bitter-melon-m-charantia-may-have-therapeutic-role-conditions-involving-elevat PMID:  Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2010 Jan 4. Epub 2010 Jan 4. PMID: 20047891 Abstract Title:  Antioxidant Potential of Momordica charantia in Ammonium Chloride-induced Hyperammonemic Rats. Abstract:  The present study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant potential of Momordica charantia fruit extract (MCE) in ammonium chloride-induced (AC) hyperammonemic rats. Experimental hyperammonemia was induced in adult male Wistar rats (180-200 g) by intraperitoneal injections of ammonium chloride (100 mg kg(-1) body weight) thrice a week. The effect of oral administration (thrice a week for 8 consecutive weeks) of MCE (300 mg kg(-1) body weight) on blood ammonia, plasma urea, serum liver marker enzymes and oxidative stress biomarkers in normal and experimental animals was analyzed. Hyperammonemic rats showed a significant increase in the activities of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydroperoxides and liver markers (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase), and the levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione were decreased in the liver and brain tissues. Treatment with MCE normalized the above-mentioned changes in hyperammonemic rats by reversing the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance during AC-induced hyperammonemia, and offered protection against hyperammonemia. Our results indicate that MCE exerting the antioxidant potentials and maintaining the cellular integrity of the liver tissue could offer protection against AC-induced hyperammonemia. However, the exact underlying mechanism is yet to be investigated, and examination of the efficacy of the active constituents of the M. charantia on hyperammonemia is desirable. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/bitter-melon-m-charantia-may-have-therapeutic-role-conditions-involving-elevat#comments Ammonia: Elevated Bitter Melon Animal Study Tue, 26 Jan 2010 12:43:41 +0000 greenmedinfo 50064 at https://greenmedinfo.com Branched chain amino acids improve the survival of cirrhotic rats by preventing hypoalbuminemia and hyperammonemia. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/branched-chain-amino-acids-improve-survival-cirrhotic-rats-preventing-hypoalbu PMID:  Dig Dis Sci. 1998 Jul;43(7):1572-9. PMID: 9690397 Abstract Title:  Oral supplementation with branched-chain amino acids improves survival rate of rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver cirrhosis. Abstract:  We investigated whether supplementation with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) improves survival of rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) -induced cirrhosis. Liver cirrhosis was induced in 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats by administering CCl4 for 15 weeks. Twenty rats each were then assigned to the control and BCAA group and fed a casein diet or a BCAA-supplemented casein diet, respectively, for an additional 17 weeks with repeated injections of CCl4. No significant difference occurred in either mean energy or nitrogen intake or in body or liver weight between the two groups. BCAA-supplementation significantly preserved plasma albumin concentrations (P https://greenmedinfo.com/article/branched-chain-amino-acids-improve-survival-cirrhotic-rats-preventing-hypoalbu#comments Amino Acids Ammonia: Elevated Cirrhosis Animal Study Wed, 03 Feb 2010 03:47:20 +0000 greenmedinfo 50805 at https://greenmedinfo.com Carnitine has a protective role in ammonia cytotoxicity. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/carnitine-has-protective-role-ammonia-cytotoxicity PMID:  Adv Exp Med Biol. 1990;272:183-95. PMID: 2103686 Abstract Title:  New roles of carnitine metabolism in ammonia cytotoxicity. Abstract:  High levels of ammonia in blood and brain due to metabolic disorders are associated with neurological abnormalities. Although the mechanism of ammonia toxicity at the CNS level is still unknown, alterations in brain energy metabolism, in neurotransmitter function and direct effects on nervous impulse have been proposed. In most hyperammonemic conditions morphological changes in the liver and brain have been demonstrated, especially in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes, together with an accumulation of intracellular lipids. The treatment of hyperammonemias is uncertain and mostly directed to reduce the level of circulating ammonia; there is no current therapy aimed to counteract the molecular effects of ammonia. Administration of carnitine prevents acute ammonia toxicity and enhances the efficacy of ammonia elimination as urea and glutamine. In addition the cytotoxic effects of ammonia, possibly arising from lipid peroxidation, are ameliorated by carnitine. These data indicate the feasibility of utilization of carnitine in the therapy of human hyperammonemic syndromes, both for reducing the levels of ammonia and preventing its toxic effects. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/carnitine-has-protective-role-ammonia-cytotoxicity#comments Ammonia: Elevated Carnitine Animal Study Mon, 18 Jan 2010 22:17:28 +0000 greenmedinfo 49634 at https://greenmedinfo.com Korean black raspberry reduces plasma ammonia accumulation and has an antifatigue activity in mice. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/korean-black-raspberry-reduces-plasma-ammonia-accumulation-and-has-antifatigue PMID:  J Med Food. 2007 Dec;10(4):689-93. PMID: 18158842 Abstract Title:  Antifatigue effect of Rubus coreanus Miquel extract in mice. Abstract:  The antifatigue properties of six Korean medicinal herb extracts were studied by evaluating forced swimming capacity and biochemical parameters in ICR mice. The treatment groups were orally administered 30% ethanolic extracts (500 mg/kg/day) of Rubus coreanus Miquel, Cyperus rotundus Linn., Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Saururus chinensis Baili, Epimedium koreanumNakai, or Houttuynia cordata Thunb. for 4 weeks. Swimming time to exhaustion was found to be longer for the group fed R. coreanus than for the control group (P https://greenmedinfo.com/article/korean-black-raspberry-reduces-plasma-ammonia-accumulation-and-has-antifatigue#comments Ammonia: Elevated Fatigue Raspberry Plant Extracts Animal Study Mon, 22 Feb 2010 19:38:59 +0000 greenmedinfo 52260 at https://greenmedinfo.com L-arginine reduces exercise-induced increase in plasma lactate and ammonia. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/l-arginine-reduces-exercise-induced-increase-plasma-lactate-and-ammonia PMID:  Int J Sports Med. 2002 Aug;23(6):403-7. PMID: 12215958 Abstract Title:  L-arginine reduces exercise-induced increase in plasma lactate and ammonia. Abstract:  To investigate the effect of L-arginine supplementation (L-ARG) on physiological and metabolic changes during exercise, we determined in a double-blind study the cardiorespiratory (heart rate, oxygen consumption (VO(2)) and carbon dioxide production (VCO(2)) and the metabolic (lactate and ammonia) responses to maximal exercise after either an intravenous L-ARG hydrochloride salt or placebo load in 8 healthy subjects. Exercise-induced increases in heart rate, VO(2) and VCO(2) were not significantly different after L-ARG or placebo. By contrast, peak plasma ammonia and lactate were significantly decreased after L-ARG load (60.6 +/- 8.2 vs. 73.1 +/- 9.1 micro mol x l(-1), p https://greenmedinfo.com/article/l-arginine-reduces-exercise-induced-increase-plasma-lactate-and-ammonia#comments Ammonia: Elevated Arginine Human Study Tue, 02 Feb 2010 18:54:20 +0000 greenmedinfo 50783 at https://greenmedinfo.com L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine may transiently improve neuronal function in cirrhotic patients with persistent hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonaemia. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/l-carnitine-and-acetyl-l-carnitine-may-transiently-improve-neuronal-function-c PMID:  Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2006 Jan-Feb;33(1-2):76-80. PMID: 16445703 Abstract Title:  Effects of a single, short intravenous dose of acetyl-L-carnitine on pattern-reversal visual-evoked potentials in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Abstract:  1. In animals and in cultured neurons, L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) have been shown to counteract some of the toxic effects of ammonia. In order to detect similar properties in humans, we studied neuronal function after ALCAR administration in cirrhotics with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). 2. Eighteen cirrhotic patients with persistent HE and hyperammonaemia were investigated in the present study and six subjects with a prior transient ischaemic attack were used as controls. 3. The prominent positive component that occurs approximately 100 msec after the pattern reversal (P100) latencies of visual-evoked potentials were used to evaluate neuronal function. At first, the P100 latency was measured in six cirrhotic patients with HE and in the six controls before the administration of 0.5 g ALCAR in 50 mL isotonic saline (infusion rate 10 mL/min) and 15, 30, 60 and 90 min later. 4. A significant reduction in P100 latencies was identified 30 min after ALCAR infusion in HE patients, whereas no differences were observed in controls. 5. Thereafter, the P100 latency was evaluated in the 12 other cirrhotic patients with HE only before and 30 min after ALCAR infusion. The mean of the P100 latencies measured in these subjects was significantly shorter after ALCAR infusion compared with values obtained before ALCAR administration (mean (+/-SD) 130.78 +/- 5.50 vs 136.08 +/- 6.45 msec, respectively; P = 0.0013). 6. The present study suggests that a single intravenous dose of ALCAR may transiently improve neuronal function in cirrhotic patients with persistent HE and hyperammonaemia. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/l-carnitine-and-acetyl-l-carnitine-may-transiently-improve-neuronal-function-c#comments Acetyl-l-carnitine Ammonia: Elevated Carnitine Hepatic Encephalopathy Human Study Tue, 02 Feb 2010 18:56:58 +0000 greenmedinfo 50784 at https://greenmedinfo.com L-carnitine prevents ammonia toxicity in the mouse brain. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/l-carnitine-prevents-ammonia-toxicity-mouse-brain PMID:  Neurochem Res. 1984 Apr;9(4):563-70. PMID: 6462327 Abstract Title:  Prevention of ammonia toxicity by L-carnitine: metabolic changes in brain. Abstract:  L-Carnitine when injected in mice 30 min before an LD100 of ammonium acetate (12 mmol/kg body weight, intraperitoneal) reduced mortality (100% survival with 16 mmol L-carnitine/kg) and prevented the appearance of symptoms of ammonia toxicity. Brain ammonia decreased in the animals given L-carnitine. Ammonia decreased the levels of glutamate in brain; they were partially restored by L-carnitine, which also reduced the increase in brain glutamine in animals given only ammonia. The redox state of the brain was altered following ammonia intoxication. The ratio of lactate to pyruvate in the cytosol increased while that of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate in the mitochondria decreased. These ratios were partially restored by L-carnitine. The implications of these findings are discussed relative to the mechanism of ammonia toxicity. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/l-carnitine-prevents-ammonia-toxicity-mouse-brain#comments Ammonia: Elevated Carnitine Animal Study Mon, 18 Jan 2010 22:20:49 +0000 greenmedinfo 49636 at https://greenmedinfo.com L-carnitine protects against ammonia-associated changes in the mice. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/l-carnitine-protects-against-ammonia-associated-changes-mice PMID:  Biochem Pharmacol. 1987 Oct 1;36(19):3169-73. PMID: 3663232 Abstract Title:  Effect of L-carnitine on ketone bodies, redox state and free amino acids in the liver of hyperammonemic mice. Abstract:  L-Carnitine stimulates urea synthesis in mice given a LD100 of ammonium acetate. Unprotected mice show decreased levels of hepatic ketone bodies and lowered NADH/NAD+ ratio in both cytosol and mitochondria. L-Carnitine enhances markedly the production of beta-hydroxybutyrate and raises the NADH/NAD+ ratio in mitochondria. The alterations induced by ammonium acetate in the free amino acid pool are prevented by L-carnitine. The results shown in this paper indicate that L-carnitine stimulates fatty acid oxidation as well as flux through the Krebs cycle in hyperammonemic mice and that these effects may be responsible for the increase in urea synthesis in these animals. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/l-carnitine-protects-against-ammonia-associated-changes-mice#comments Ammonia: Elevated Carnitine Animal Study Mon, 18 Jan 2010 22:18:55 +0000 greenmedinfo 49635 at https://greenmedinfo.com L-carnitine supplementation reverses low carnitine levels in rats with high levels of blood ammonia. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/l-carnitine-supplementation-reverses-low-carnitine-levels-rats-high-levels-blo PMID:  Hepatology. 1989 Nov;10(5):822-8. PMID: 2807161 Abstract Title:  Effect of orally administered L-carnitine on blood ammonia and L-carnitine concentrations in portacaval-shunted rats. Abstract:  L-Carnitine (16 mmoles per kg, injected intraperitoneally) is reported to protect mice against subsequent injection of ammonium acetate given at the unprotected LD100. The present studies in rats show a variable protective effect of L-carnitine (16 mmoles per kg) administered 1 hr prior to an LD100 dose of ammonium acetate. Survival ranged from 100% to 35%. In two experiments, protection was highly significant; in a third experiment, L-carnitine did not protect against death but did significantly prolong time to death. Although the cause of this variability is not known, the data establish the protective effect in rats of L-carnitine given 1 hr before ammonium acetate. D-Carnitine and deoxycarnitine, chemically related analogs unable to substitute for L-carnitine metabolically, are without protective effect. The protective effect of L-carnitine is short-lived and is, for example, completely lost if ammonium acetate is given 24 hr after L-carnitine administration. In contrast, the free carnitine content of brain rises slowly but continuously for at least 24 hr following a single dose of L-carnitine. The observation that protection from ammonia toxicity is not correlated with brain carnitine levels strongly suggests a major peripheral component to the protective effect. Chronically hyperammonemic (portacaval-shunted) rats were found to have significantly depressed total and free carnitine levels in blood compared to normal and sham-operated controls. The hypocarnitinemia, but not the hyperammonemia, was completely reversed in portacaval-shunted rats given drinking water containing 10 mM L-carnitine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) https://greenmedinfo.com/article/l-carnitine-supplementation-reverses-low-carnitine-levels-rats-high-levels-blo#comments Ammonia: Elevated Carnitine Animal Study Mon, 18 Jan 2010 22:13:43 +0000 greenmedinfo 49632 at https://greenmedinfo.com L-ornithine has an antifatigue effect by increasing the efficiency of energy consumption and promoting the excretion of ammonia. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/l-ornithine-has-antifatigue-effect-increasing-efficiency-energy-consumption-an PMID:  Nutr Res. 2008 Nov;28(11):738-43. PMID: 19083482 Abstract Title:  L-ornithine supplementation attenuates physical fatigue in healthy volunteers by modulating lipid and amino acid metabolism. Abstract:  We examined the effects of L-ornithine administration on physical fatigue. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-way crossover study, 17 healthy volunteers were randomized to L-ornithine (2000 mg/d for 7 days and 6000 mg/d for 1 day as L-ornithine hydrochloride) or placebo for 8 days. The fatigue-inducing physical task consisted of workload trials on a cycle ergometer at fixed workloads for 2 hours on 2 occasions. We found that oral L-ornithine administration promoted lipid metabolism and activated the urea cycle from serum triacylglycerol, ketone bodies, free fatty acids, and blood ammonia level changing. L-ornithine significantly attenuated the subjective feeling of fatigue (measured by visual analog scale at postrecovery) compared with postload (P https://greenmedinfo.com/article/l-ornithine-has-antifatigue-effect-increasing-efficiency-energy-consumption-an#comments Ammonia: Elevated Fatigue Syndrome: Chronic Ornithine Human Study Tue, 02 Feb 2010 19:23:47 +0000 greenmedinfo 50787 at https://greenmedinfo.com L-ornithine-L-aspartate infusions are therapetuic in patients with cirrhosis, eleveated ammonia levels and hepatic encephalopathy https://greenmedinfo.com/article/l-ornithine-l-aspartate-infusions-are-therapetuic-patients-cirrhosis-eleveated PMID:  Hepatology. 1997 Jun;25(6):1351-60. PMID: 9185752 Abstract Title:  Therapeutic efficacy of L-ornithine-L-aspartate infusions in patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy: results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Abstract:  One hundred twenty-six patients with cirrhosis, hyperammonemia (&gt;50 micromol/L), and chronic (persistent) hepatic encephalopathy (HE), which developed spontaneously without the existence of known precipitating factors, were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of intravenously administered L-ornithine-L-aspartate (OA). Patients with subclinical (grade 0, West-Haven criteria) hepatic encephalopathy (SHE), characterized by a prolonged number connection test A (NCT-A) time, and manifest HE (grades I and II, West-Haven criteria) were included in the investigation. The trial was planned as a confirmatory clinical trial OA administered in a dose of 20 g/d, as well as placebo, were dissolved in 250 mL of 5% fructose and infused intravenously for a period of 4 hours during 7 consecutive days with a superimposed protein load at the end of the daily treatment period. Primary variables were postprandial venous ammonia and NCT-A performance time measured following OA or placebo infusions to evaluate the net effect of the treatment on the prevention of the protein-induced hyperammonemia, and on parameters such as NCT-A influenced by hyperammonemia. Mental state gradation, portal systemic encephalopathy index (PSEI), and fasting ammonia levels were estimated as additional efficacy parameters. The data presented are based on the total study sample (intent-to-treat analysis), which included 63 patients in the placebo group and 63 patients in the OA group. Of the 126 patients, 114 met all the criteria for inclusion and completed the trial and treatment as outlined in the protocol (treated-per-protocol analysis). During baseline, the placebo and treatment groups were homogeneous with regard to mental states, NCT-A performance time, fasting venous blood ammonia levels, and Child-Pugh criteria. Although a slight improvement occurred in the placebo group, NCT-A performance times (P https://greenmedinfo.com/article/l-ornithine-l-aspartate-infusions-are-therapetuic-patients-cirrhosis-eleveated#comments Ammonia: Elevated Hepatic Encephalopathy Liver Cirrhosis Ornithine Human Study Tue, 02 Feb 2010 18:59:19 +0000 greenmedinfo 50785 at https://greenmedinfo.com Oral L-ornithine-L-aspartate is therapeutic in cirrhotic patients with hyperammonemic hepatic encephalopathy https://greenmedinfo.com/article/oral-l-ornithine-l-aspartate-therapeutic-cirrhotic-patients-hyperammonemic-hep PMID:  Ann Hepatol. 2006 Oct-Dec;5(4):281-8. PMID: 17151582 Abstract Title:  Efficacy of oral L-ornithine-L-aspartate in cirrhotic patients with hyperammonemic hepatic encephalopathy. Results of a randomized, lactulose-controlled study. Abstract:  Despite steady progress in therapeutics of liver disease, portal systemic encephalopathy remains to be a great challenge for clinicians because of the heterogeneity of neuropsychiatric symptoms, multiple risk factors and complexity on achieving a sustained response. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of L-Ornithin, L-Aspartate versus lactulose in Mexican patients with hyperammonemic hepatic encephalopathy. A total of 20 patients were randomly allocated to receive either lactulose(n = 10) or L-ornithine - L-aspartate (n = 10) for 2 weeks. At baseline, patients of both groups were comparable in age (64 +/- 7 versus 60 +/- 6) and degree of hepatic failure according to the Child-Pugh scale (9.2 +/- 1.3 versus 9.2 +/- 1.1). A significant decrease in ammonia levels was observed both in the lactulose group (120.4 +/- 8.1 versus 91.4 +/- 10, p https://greenmedinfo.com/article/oral-l-ornithine-l-aspartate-therapeutic-cirrhotic-patients-hyperammonemic-hep#comments Ammonia: Elevated Hepatic Encephalopathy Liver Cirrhosis Ornithine Natural Substances Versus Drugs Human Study Tue, 02 Feb 2010 19:00:50 +0000 greenmedinfo 50786 at https://greenmedinfo.com Oral LC supplementation might have the potential to reduce the metabolic stress of exercise or alter ammonia production or removal. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/oral-lc-supplementation-might-have-potential-reduce-metabolic-stress-exercise- PMID:  Oncol Nurs Forum. 2000 Jan-Feb;27(1):41-7. PMID: 19164828 Abstract Title:  Carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism during exercise after oral carnitine supplementation in humans. Abstract:  Twenty nonvegetarian active males were pair-matched and randomly assigned to receive 2 g of L-carnitine L-tartrate (LC) or placebo per day for 2 wk. Participants exercised for 90 min at 70% VO2max after 2 days of a prescribed diet (M +/- SD: 13.6 +/- 1.6 MJ, 57% carbohydrate, 15% protein, 26% fat, 2% alcohol) before and after supplementation. Results indicated no change in carbohydrate oxidation, nitrogen excretion, branched-chain amino acid oxidation, or plasma urea during exercise between the beginning and end of supplementation in either group. After 2 wk of LC supplementation the plasma ammonia response to exercise tended to be suppressed (0 vs. 2 wk at 60 min exercise, 97 +/- 26 vs. 80 +/- 9, and 90 min exercise, 116 +/- 47 vs. 87 +/- 25 micromol/L), with no change in the placebo group. The data indicate that 2 wk of LC supplementation does not affect fat, carbohydrate, and protein contribution to metabolism during prolonged moderate-intensity cycling exercise. The tendency toward suppressed ammonia accumulation, however, indicates that oral LC supplementation might have the potential to reduce the metabolic stress of exercise or alter ammonia production or removal, which warrants further investigation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/oral-lc-supplementation-might-have-potential-reduce-metabolic-stress-exercise-#comments Ammonia: Elevated Carnitine Human Study Tue, 19 Jan 2010 02:31:13 +0000 greenmedinfo 49650 at https://greenmedinfo.com Sodium benzoate may potentiate ammonia toxicity. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/sodium-benzoate-may-potentiate-ammonia-toxicity PMID:  Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987 Jun 15;145(2):817-24. PMID: 3593373 Abstract Title:  The potentiation of ammonia toxicity by sodium benzoate is prevented by L-carnitine. Abstract:  Sodium benzoate has been recommended and even been used for the treatment of hyperammonemia in humans. More recently, a note of caution was raised since it has been shown that in experimental animals, sodium benzoate potentiates ammonia toxicity and inhibits urea synthesis in vitro. This has been further confirmed in the work presented here and the mechanism by which benzoate increases mortality and the levels of blood ammonia in mice given ammonium acetate have also been studied. In hyperammonemia, urea production and N-acetylglutamate levels were decreased by sodium benzoate. Pretreatment of mice with L-carnitine suppressed mortality following ammonium acetate plus sodium benzoate administration. Under these conditions L-carnitine lowered blood ammonia and increased urea production and N-acetylglutamate levels. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/sodium-benzoate-may-potentiate-ammonia-toxicity#comments Ammonia: Elevated Sodium Benzoate Drug-Plant-Vitamin Synergies Commentary Fri, 19 Feb 2010 02:31:44 +0000 greenmedinfo 51773 at https://greenmedinfo.com