Cryptosporidiosis https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/1535/all en A polyphenolic-rich blueberry extract can inhibit Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium parvum. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/polyphenolic-rich-blueberry-extract-can-inhibit-giardia-duodenalis-and-cryptos PMID:  Methods. 2007 Aug;42(4):339-48. PMID: 17560322 Abstract Title:  The effect of blueberry extracts on Giardia duodenalis viability and spontaneous excystation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, in vitro. Abstract:  The protozoan parasites Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium parvum are common causes of diarrhoea, worldwide. Effective drug treatment is available for G. duodenalis, but with anecdotal evidence of resistance or reduced compliance. There is no effective specific chemotherapeutic intervention for Cryptosporidium. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the antimicrobial properties of berries and their phenolic compounds but little work has been done on their antiparasitic actions. The effect of various preparations of blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) extract on G. duodenalis trophozoites and C. parvum oocysts were investigated. Pressed blueberry extract, a polyphenolic-rich blueberry extract, and a commercially produced blueberry drink (Bouvrage) all demonstrated antigiardial activity. The polyphenol-rich blueberry extract reduced trophozoite viability in a dose dependent manner. At 167 microgml(-1), this extract performed as well as all dilutions of pressed blueberry extract and the Bouvrage beverage (9.6+/-2.8% live trophozoites remaining after 24h incubation). The lowest dilution of blueberry extract tested (12.5% v/v) contained&gt;167 microgml(-1) of polyphenolic compounds suggesting that polyphenols are responsible for the reduced survival of G. duodenalis trophozoites. The pressed blueberry extract, Bouvrage beverage and the polyphenolic-rich blueberry extract increased the spontaneous excystation of C. parvum oocysts at 37 degrees C, compared to controls, but only at a dilution of 50% Bouvrage beverage, equivalent to 213 microgml(-1) gallic acid equivalents in the polyphenolic-rich blueberry extract. Above this level, spontaneous excystation is decreased. We conclude that water soluble extracts of blueberries can kill G. duodenalis trophozoites and modify the morphology of G. duodenalis and C. parvum. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/polyphenolic-rich-blueberry-extract-can-inhibit-giardia-duodenalis-and-cryptos#comments Blueberry Cryptosporidiosis Flavonoids Giardiasis Polyphenols Protozoan Infections Antiprotozoal Agents Plant Extracts In Vitro Study Sat, 13 Feb 2010 01:16:42 +0000 greenmedinfo 51173 at https://greenmedinfo.com Curcumin shows promising anticryptosporidial activity. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-shows-promising-anticryptosporidial-activity PMID:  Parasitol Res. 2009 Oct;105(4):1155-61. Epub 2009 Jun 26. PMID: 19557435 Abstract Title:  Effects of curcumin on Cryptosporidium parvum in vitro. Abstract:  Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic protozoan parasite having peculiarities among the apicomplexa that could be responsible for its resistance to some drugs and disinfectants against coccidia. The awareness of Cryptosporidium as a health problem in man and animal is increasing and potent drugs are urgently needed. Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound, has been found to be active against a variety of diseases including anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, and antiprotozoal effects. We investigated the effects of curcumin on infectivity and development of C. parvum in a recently established in vitro system combining infection of human ileocecal adenocarcinoma cell cultures with quantification of intracellular parasites by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Curcumin was found to be effective (&gt;95% inhibition of parasite growth) at 50 microM for 24 h when infected cultures were exposed for more than 12 h. Withdrawal of curcumin after 24 h of exposure did not result in a significant resumption of C. parvum growth. The invasion of host cells by sporozoites (infectivity) was found to be inhibited at least 65% in the presence of 200 microM curcumin. No significant reduction of viability of C. parvum oocysts after incubation with curcumin was recorded. Altogether, curcumin showed promising anticryptosporidial effects under in vitro conditions and deserves further exploration. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-shows-promising-anticryptosporidial-activity#comments Cryptosporidiosis Curcumin Antiparasitic Agents In Vitro Study Fri, 11 Feb 2011 16:07:30 +0000 greenmedinfo 61302 at https://greenmedinfo.com Deprivation of dietary fiber enhances susceptibility of mice to cryptosporidiosis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/deprivation-dietary-fiber-enhances-susceptibility-mice-cryptosporidiosis PMID:  PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019 Sep ;13(9):e0007411. Epub 2019 Sep 27. PMID: 31560681 Abstract Title:  Deprivation of dietary fiber enhances susceptibility of mice to cryptosporidiosis. Abstract:  Based on our initial observations showing that mice consuming a probiotic product develop more severe cryptosporidiosis, we investigated the impact of other dietary interventions on the intracellular proliferation of Cryptosporidium parvum and C. tyzzeri in the mouse. Mice were orally infected with oocysts and parasite multiplication measured by quantifying fecal oocyst output. High-throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA amplicons was used to correlate oocyst output with diet and with the composition of the intestinal microbiota. On average, mice fed a diet without fiber (cellulose, pectin and inulin) developed more severe infections. As expected, a diet without fibers also significantly altered the fecal microbiota. Consistent with these observations, mice fed a prebiotic product sold for human consumption excreted significantly fewer oocysts. The fecal microbiota of mice consuming no plant polysaccharides was characterized by a lower relative abundance of Bacteroidetes bacteria. Since bacterial metabolites play an important role in the physiology of intestinal enterocytes, we hypothesize based on these observations that the impact of diet on parasite proliferation is mediated primarily by the metabolic activity of the anaerobic microbiota, specifically by the effect of certain metabolites on the host. This model is consistent with the metabolic dependence of intracellular stages of the parasite on the host cell. These observations underscore the potential of dietary interventions to alleviate the impact of cryptosporidiosis, particularly in infants at risk of recurrent enteric infections. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/deprivation-dietary-fiber-enhances-susceptibility-mice-cryptosporidiosis" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/deprivation-dietary-fiber-enhances-susceptibility-mice-cryptosporidiosis#comments Cryptosporidiosis Fiber Increased Risk Risk Reduction Animal Study Wed, 30 Oct 2019 06:54:17 +0000 greenmedinfo 200423 at https://greenmedinfo.com S-methylcysteine ameliorates intestinal, hepatic, and splenic damage induced by Cryptosporidium parvum. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/s-methylcysteine-ameliorates-intestinal-hepatic-and-splenic-damage-induced-cry PMID:  Biomedicines. 2020 Oct 15 ;8(10). Epub 2020 Oct 15. PMID: 33076496 Abstract Title:  S-Methylcysteine (SMC) Ameliorates Intestinal, Hepatic, and Splenic Damage Induced byInfection Via Targeting Inflammatory Modulators and Oxidative Stress in Swiss Albino Mice. Abstract:  Cryptosporidiosis has been proposed to be one of the major causes of diarrhoeal disease in humans worldwide that possesses zoonotic concern. Thereby, this study investigated the potential effects of s-Methylcysteine (SMC) on the parasite in vivo followed by the measurement of cytokines, oxidative stress parameters, and an investigation of the major histopathological changes. Sixty male Swiss albino mice weighing 20-25 g were allocated equally into five groups and orally administered saline only (control), SMC only (SMC50) (50 mg/kg b.w.), and 10oocysts per mouse via an esophageal tube (C + ve untreated). The fourth and fifth groups (C + SMC25, C + SMC50) administrated 10oocysts combined with SMC25 (low dose) and 50 (high dose) mg/kg b.w., respectively. At days 7 and 14 post-infection (PI), the feces was collected from each group in order to countoocysts. After two weeks of treatment, the animals were euthanized and the serum was collected for biochemical analysis. Next, the intestinal, spleen, and liver sections were dissected for histopathological examination. The results revealed lower oocyst numbers in the C + SMC25 and C + SMC50 groups compared to the infected untreated group. Moreover, higher doses of SMC treatment significantly reduced the enteritis induced byin a dose-dependent manner. The hepatic lesions were also mitigated as demonstrated in C + SMC25 and C + SMC50 groups unlike the infected group via lowering the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes and increasing albumin and globulin serum levels. SMC administration also reduced cytokines production (SAP, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ) mediated byinfection in contrast to the infected untreated group. There were marked lymphoid depletion and amyloidosis observed in the infected untreated group, while the treated groups showed obvious increase in the lymphoid elements. Moreover, the scoring of intestinal parasites, hepatic, and splenic lesions in the SMC-treated groups exhibited significantly lower pathological lesions in different organs in a dose-dependent manner, compared to the infected untreated group. Our results also revealed a significant change in the malondialdehyde content with an elevation of glutathione and superoxide dismutase in the intestines collected from C + SMC25 and C + SMC50 mice relative to the untreated group. Taken together, our results indicated that SMC could be a promising effective compound for treating and declininginfestation via restoring structural alterations in different tissues, enhancing antioxidant enzymes, and suppressing the cytokines liberation. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/s-methylcysteine-ameliorates-intestinal-hepatic-and-splenic-damage-induced-cry" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/s-methylcysteine-ameliorates-intestinal-hepatic-and-splenic-damage-induced-cry#comments Cryptosporidiosis Organosulfur Compounds Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antioxidants Interferon Gamma Reducer Interleukin-6 Downregulation Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor Animal Study Sat, 12 Feb 2022 18:28:28 +0000 greenmedinfo 253132 at https://greenmedinfo.com The potential therapeutic effect of Nigella sativa and Zingiber officinale extracts versus Nitazoxanide drug against experimentally induced cryptosporidiosis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/potential-therapeutic-effect-nigella-sativa-and-zingiber-officinale-extracts-v PMID:  J Parasit Dis. 2023 Jun ;47(2):329-339. Epub 2023 Mar 25. PMID: 37193490 Abstract Title:  The potential therapeutic effect ofandextracts versus Nitazoxanide drug against experimentally induced cryptosporidiosis in laboratory mice. Abstract:  In this study, the potential anti-cryptosporidial effect of(black seeds) and(ginger) alcoholic extracts versus Nitazoxanide (NTZ) medication was investigated in immunosuppressed (IS) laboratory mice. Parasitological, histopathological studies were used to assess their therapeutic efficacy. Serum level and tissue expression percentage of IFN-γwas also used. Nigella extract succeeded to reduce the mean oocyst counts in the feces of immunosuppressed mice followed by NTZ. Ginger-treated ones showed the lowest reduction percentage.showed the best results in terms of restoring the normal architecture of ileal epithelium in histopathological sections stained with H&amp;E. NTZ treatment sub-groups showed mild improvement, followed by ginger-treated mice, which showed a slight improvement in small intestine microenvironment. A significant substantial rise in serum and intestinal tissue IFN-γcytokine levels were recorded in Nigella subgroups compared to those of NTZ and ginger respectively. According to our findingsoutperformed Nitazoxanide in terms of anti-cryptosporidial effectiveness and regeneration characteristics revealing a promising medication. When compared to the commonly used Nitazoxanide medication or Nigella extracts, the outcomes of ginger extract were suboptimal. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/potential-therapeutic-effect-nigella-sativa-and-zingiber-officinale-extracts-v" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/potential-therapeutic-effect-nigella-sativa-and-zingiber-officinale-extracts-v#comments Cryptosporidiosis Ginger Nigella sativa (aka Black Seed) Antiparasitic Agents Natural Substance Synergy Superiority of Natural Substances versus Drugs Animal Study Mon, 24 Jul 2023 00:24:42 +0000 greenmedinfo 277001 at https://greenmedinfo.com