Immune Dysregulation: TH1 dominance https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/15417/all en Berberine prevents the progression of type 1 diabetes in mice through decreased Th17 and Th1 cytokine secretion. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/berberine-prevents-progression-type-1-diabetes-mice-through-decreased-th17-and PMID:  J Biol Chem. 2009 Oct 9;284(41):28420-9. Epub 2009 Aug 6. PMID: 19661066 Abstract Title:  Berberine differentially modulates the activities of ERK, p38 MAPK, and JNK to suppress Th17 and Th1 T cell differentiation in type 1 diabetic mice. Abstract:  Berberine, an alkaloid derivative from Berberis vulgaris L., has been used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine to treat diarrhea and diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms for treating diabetes are not fully understood. Recent studies suggested that berberine has many beneficial biological effects, including anti-inflammation. Because type 1 diabetes is caused by T cell-mediated destruction of beta cells and severe islet inflammation, we hypothesized that berberine could ameliorate type 1 diabetes through its immune regulation properties. Here we reported that 2 weeks of oral administration of berberine prevented the progression of type 1 diabetes in half of the NOD mice and decreased Th17 and Th1 cytokine secretion. Berberine suppressed Th17 and Th1 differentiation by reducing the expression of lineage markers. We found that berberine inhibited Th17 differentiation by activating ERK1/2 and inhibited Th1 differentiation by inhibiting p38 MAPK and JNK activation. Berberine down-regulated the activity of STAT1 and STAT4 through the suppression of p38 MAPK and JNK activation, and it controlled the stability of STAT4 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Our findings indicate that berberine targets MAPK to suppress Th17 and Th1 differentiation in type 1 diabetic NOD mice. This study revealed a novel role of ERK in Th17 differentiation through down-regulation of STAT3 phosphorylation and RORgamma t expression. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/berberine-prevents-progression-type-1-diabetes-mice-through-decreased-th17-and#comments Autoimmune Diseases Berberine Immune Dysregulation: TH1 dominance Immune Dysregulation: TH17 over-expression Animal Study Wed, 27 Jan 2010 13:46:02 +0000 greenmedinfo 50230 at https://greenmedinfo.com Common dietary proteins in patients with autism spectrum disorder may produce an innate immune response associated with inflammation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/common-dietary-proteins-patients-autism-spectrum-disorder-may-produce-innate-i PMID:  Neuropsychobiology. 2002;46(2):76-84. PMID: 12378124 Abstract Title:  Innate immunity associated with inflammatory responses and cytokine production against common dietary proteins in patients with autism spectrum disorder. Abstract:  OBJECTIVES: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently reveal various gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms that may resolve with an elimination diet along with apparent improvement of some of the behavioral symptoms. Evidence suggests that ASD may be accompanied by aberrant (inflammatory) innate immune responses. This may predispose ASD children to sensitization to common dietary proteins (DP), leading to GI inflammation and aggravation of some behavioral symptoms. METHODS: We measured IFN-gamma, IL-5, and TNF-alpha production against representative DPs [gliadin, cow&#039;s milk protein (CMP), and soy] by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ASD and control children [those with DP intolerance (DPI), ASD siblings, and healthy unrelated children]. We evaluated the results in association with proinflammatory and counter-regulatory cytokine production with endotoxin (LPS), a microbial product of intestinal flora and a surrogate stimulant for innate immune responses. RESULTS: ASD PBMCs produced elevated IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, but not IL-5 with common DPs at high frequency as observed in DPI PBMCs. ASD PBMCs revealed increased proinflammatory cytokine responses with LPS at high frequency with positive correlation between proinflammatory cytokine production with LPS and IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production against DPs. Such correlation was less evident in DPI PBMCs. CONCLUSION: Immune reactivity to DPs may be associated with apparent DPI and GI inflammation in ASD children that may be partly associated with aberrant innate immune response against endotoxin, a product of the gut bacteria. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/common-dietary-proteins-patients-autism-spectrum-disorder-may-produce-innate-i#comments Autism Spectrum Disorders Immune Dysregulation: TH1 dominance Interferon Inducers Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Enhancer Human Study Sat, 23 Jan 2010 01:35:45 +0000 greenmedinfo 49814 at https://greenmedinfo.com Curcumin may have a therapeutic role in Th1-mediated immune diseases. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-may-have-therapeutic-role-th1-mediated-immune-diseases PMID:  Br J Pharmacol. 1999 Sep;128(2):380-4. PMID: 10510448 Abstract Title:  Curcumin inhibits Th1 cytokine profile in CD4+ T cells by suppressing interleukin-12 production in macrophages. Abstract:  1 Interleukin-12 (IL-12) plays a central role in the immune system by driving the immune response towards T helper 1 (Th1) type responses which are characterized by high IFN-gamma and low IL-4 production. In this study we investigated the effects of curcumin, a natural product of plants obtained from Curcuma longa (turmeric), on IL-12 production by mouse splenic macrophages and the subsequent ability of these cells to regulate cytokine production by CD4+ T cells. 2 Pretreatment with curcumin significantly inhibited IL-12 production by macrophages stimulated with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or head-killed Listeria monocytogenes (HKL). 3 Curcumin-pretreated macrophages reduced their ability to induce IFN-gamma and increased the ability to induce IL-4 in Ag-primed CD4+ T cells. Addition of recombinant IL-12 to cultures of curcumin-pretreated macrophages and CD4+ T cells restored IFN-gamma production in CD4+ T cells. 4 The in vivo administration of curcumin resulted in the inhibition of IL-12 production by macrophages stimulated in vitro with either LPS or HKL, leading to the inhibition of Th1 cytokine profile (decreased IFN-gamma and increased IL-4 production) in CD4+ T cells. 5 These findings suggest that curcumin may inhibit Th1 cytokine profile in CD4+ T cells by suppressing IL-12 production in macrophages, and points to a possible therapeutic use of curcumin in the Th1-mediated immune diseases. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-may-have-therapeutic-role-th1-mediated-immune-diseases#comments Curcumin Immune Dysregulation: TH1 dominance Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Toxicity Listeria Infections Immunomodulatory Immunosuppressive Agents Interleukin-4 downregulation In Vitro Study Thu, 24 Feb 2011 03:37:24 +0000 greenmedinfo 62138 at https://greenmedinfo.com Curcumin regulates the shift from Th1 to Th2 in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced chronic colitis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-regulates-shift-th1-th2-trinitrobenzene-sulphonic-acid-induced-chroni PMID:  Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2006 Aug;27(8):1071-7. PMID: 16867261 Abstract Title:  Curcumin regulated shift from Th1 to Th2 in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced chronic colitis. Abstract:  AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects of curcumin (Cur) on trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis and the effects of Cur on the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines.METHODS: Colitis was induced by TNBS and treated with Cur (30 mg/kg/d, ip), dexamethasone (Dex, 2 mg/kg/d), or Cur plus dexamethasone (Cur+Dex, 30 mg/kg/d Cur ip+2 mg/kg/d Dex,ip). mRNA in colon mucosa were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Intracellular cytokines were detected by flow cytometry and concentrations of cytokines in sera were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis.RESULTS: Both Cur and Dex improved body weight loss, ameliorated histological images and decreased macroscopic score and myeloperoxidase activity. Cur decreased the expression of Th1 cytokines (IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1) and increased the expression of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in colon mucosa. Cur also increased the proportion of IFN-gamma/IL-4 in splenocytes and circulation. Dex and Cur+Dex decreased the expression of Th1 cytokines but could not increase the expression of Th2 cytokines and the proportion of IFN-gamma/IL-4.CONCLUSION: Cur exerted therapeutic effects on colitis by regulating the shift from Th1 to Th2. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-regulates-shift-th1-th2-trinitrobenzene-sulphonic-acid-induced-chroni#comments Colitis Curcumin Immune Dysregulation: TH1 dominance Anti-Inflammatory Agents Immunomodulatory Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor Animal Study Fri, 18 Feb 2011 04:13:20 +0000 greenmedinfo 61679 at https://greenmedinfo.com Effect of moderate exercise under hypoxia on Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/effect-moderate-exercise-under-hypoxia-th1th2-cytokine-balance PMID:  Clin Respir J. 2019 Jul 16. Epub 2019 Jul 16. PMID: 31310707 Abstract Title:  Effect of moderate exercise under hypoxia on Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. Abstract:  INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Moderate exercise performed in normoxia can be immunostimulatory, while strenuous exercise can be immunosuppressive. However, less is known about the effects of exercise under hypoxia on cytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an acute exercise session performed under hypoxia similar to an altitude of 4200 m on cytokine balance. Our hypothesis was that exercise, even of moderate intensity, associated with hypoxia may induce different changes in relation to the normoxic condition.METHODS: Eight healthy male volunteers were exercised on a treadmill for 1 hour at an intensity of 50% VOunder normoxic or hypoxic condition (4200 m). Blood samples were collected at rest and immediately 1 hour after the exercise, respectively to determine cytokines, hormones and metabolites. The two-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test were used and the significance adopted was P <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/effect-moderate-exercise-under-hypoxia-th1th2-cytokine-balance" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/effect-moderate-exercise-under-hypoxia-th1th2-cytokine-balance#comments Immune Dysregulation: TH1 dominance Exercise Immunomodulatory Human Study Thu, 22 Aug 2019 14:26:33 +0000 greenmedinfo 194541 at https://greenmedinfo.com Enhanced Rg3 negatively regulates Th1 cell responses. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/enhanced-rg3-negatively-regulates-th1-cell-responses PMID:  J Ginseng Res. 2019 Jan ;43(1):49-57. Epub 2017 Aug 16. PMID: 30662293 Abstract Title:  Enhanced Rg3 negatively regulates Th1 cell responses. Abstract:  Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG;Meyer) is a widely used medicinal herb known to exert various immune modulatory functions. KRG and one of its purified components, ginsenoside Rg3, are known to possess anti-inflammatory activities. How they impact helper T cell-mediated responses is not fully explored. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the effect of KRG extract (KRGE) and ginsenoside Rg3 on Th1 cell responses.Methods: Using well-characterized T celldifferentiation systems, we examined the effects of KRGE or enhanced Rg3 on the Th1-inducing cytokine production from dendritic cells (DC) and the naïve CD4T cells differentiation to Th1 cells. Furthermore, we examined the change of Th1 cell population in the intestine after treatment of enhanced Rg3. The influence of KRGE or enhanced Rg3 on Th1 cell differentiation was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: KRGE significantly inhibited the production level of IL-12 from DCs and subsequent Th1 cell differentiation. Similarly, enhanced Rg3 significantly suppressed the expression of interferon gamma (IFNγ) and T-bet in T cells under Th1-skewing condition. Consistent with these effects, oral administration of enhanced Rg3 suppressed the frequency of Th1 cells in the Peyer&#039;s patch and lamina propria cells.Conclusion: Enhanced Rg3 negatively regulates the differentiation of Th1 celland Th1 cell responses in the gut, providing fundamental basis for the use of this agent to treat Th1-related diseases. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/enhanced-rg3-negatively-regulates-th1-cell-responses" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/enhanced-rg3-negatively-regulates-th1-cell-responses#comments Ginsenosides Immune Dysregulation: TH1 dominance Immunomodulatory Interferon Gamma Reducer Interleukin-12 downregulation In Vitro Study Tue, 22 Jan 2019 19:20:18 +0000 greenmedinfo 178071 at https://greenmedinfo.com Localized brain inflammation and autoimmune disorder associated with TH1 dominance may be involved in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/localized-brain-inflammation-and-autoimmune-disorder-associated-th1-dominance- PMID:  J Neuroimmunol. 2009 Feb 15;207(1-2):111-6. Epub 2009 Jan 20. PMID: 19157572 Abstract Title:  Elevated immune response in the brain of autistic patients. Abstract:  This study determined immune activities in the brain of ASD patients and matched normal subjects by examining cytokines in the brain tissue. Our results showed that proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6 and GM-CSF), Th1 cytokine (IFN-gamma) and chemokine (IL-8) were significantly increased in the brains of ASD patients compared with the controls. However the Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) showed no significant difference. The Th1/Th2 ratio was also significantly increased in ASD patients. Conclusion: ASD patients displayed an increased innate and adaptive immune response through the Th1 pathway, suggesting that localized brain inflammation and autoimmune disorder may be involved in the pathogenesis of ASD. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/localized-brain-inflammation-and-autoimmune-disorder-associated-th1-dominance-#comments Autism Spectrum Disorders Autoimmune Diseases Immune Dysregulation: TH1 dominance Interleukin-8 upregulation Diseases that are Linked Human Study Sat, 23 Jan 2010 01:32:34 +0000 greenmedinfo 49813 at https://greenmedinfo.com Thymol as a reciprocal regulator of T cell differentiation: Promotion of regulatory T cells and suppression of Th1/Th17 cells. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/thymol-reciprocal-regulator-t-cell-differentiation-promotion-regulatory-t-cell PMID:  Int Immunopharmacol. 2019 Feb ;67:417-426. Epub 2018 Dec 31. PMID: 30586665 Abstract Title:  Thymol as a reciprocal regulator of T cell differentiation: Promotion of regulatory T cells and suppression of Th1/Th17 cells. Abstract:  Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for maintaining immune response and enhancing their differentiation has therapeutic implications for autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of thymol a well-known monoterpene from Thyme on differentiation and function of Tregs. In vitro generation of Tregs from purified naïve CD4CD25T cells in the presence of thymol was carried out. Suppressor activity of generated Tregs was examined by changes in the proliferation of CFSE-labeled conventional T cells. Thymol promotes differentiation of naïve CD4CD25T cells to CD4CD25Foxp3Tregs [66.9-71.8% vs. control (47%)] and increased intensity of Foxp3 expression on Tregs (p 8%, p <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/thymol-reciprocal-regulator-t-cell-differentiation-promotion-regulatory-t-cell" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/thymol-reciprocal-regulator-t-cell-differentiation-promotion-regulatory-t-cell#comments Immune Dysregulation: TH1 dominance Immune Dysregulation: TH17 over-expression Thymol Immunomodulatory Immunomodulatory: Th17 downregulation In Vitro Study Fri, 18 Jan 2019 01:29:29 +0000 greenmedinfo 177793 at https://greenmedinfo.com Treatment of H. pylori infected mice with antioxidant astaxanthin reduces gastric inflammation, bacterial load and modulates cytokine release by splenocytes. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/treatment-h-pylori-infected-mice-antioxidant-astaxanthin-reduces-gastric-infla PMID:  Immunol Lett. 1999 Dec 1;70(3):185-9. PMID: 10656672 Abstract Title:  Treatment of H. pylori infected mice with antioxidant astaxanthin reduces gastric inflammation, bacterial load and modulates cytokine release by splenocytes. Abstract:  Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium affecting about half of the world population, causing chronic gastritis type B dominated by activated phagocytes. In some patients the disease evolves into gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastric cancer or MALT lymphoma. The pathogenesis is in part caused by the immunological response. In mouse models and in human disease, the mucosal immune response is characterized by activated phagocytes. Mucosal T-lymphocytes are producing IFN-gamma thus increasing mucosal inflammation and mucosal damage. A low dietary intake of antioxidants such as carotenoids and vitamin C may be an important factor for acquisition of H. pylori by humans. Dietary antioxidants may also affect both acquisition of the infection and the bacterial load of H. pylori infected mice. Antioxidants, including carotenoids, have anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether dietary antoxidant induced modulation of H. pylori in mice affected the cytokines produced by H. pylori specific T-cells. We found that treatment of H. pylori infected mice with an algal cell extract containing the antioxidant astaxanthin reduces bacterial load and gastric inflammation. These changes are associated with a shift of the T-lymphocyte response from a predominant Th1-response dominated by IFN-gamma to a Th1/Th2-response with IFN-gamma and IL-4. To our knowledge, a switch from a Th1-response to a mixed Th1/Th2-response during an ongoing infection has not been reported previously. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/treatment-h-pylori-infected-mice-antioxidant-astaxanthin-reduces-gastric-infla#comments Astaxanthin Helicobacter Pylori Infection Immune Dysregulation: TH1 dominance Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antioxidants Immunomodulatory Interleukin-4 downregulation Animal Study Tue, 28 Jun 2011 20:35:55 +0000 greenmedinfo 64984 at https://greenmedinfo.com