Schizophrenia https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/1592/all en Ascorbic acid supplementation attenuates schizophrenia-like symptoms in an animal model induced by ketamine. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ascorbic-acid-supplementation-attenuates-schizophrenia-symptoms-animal-model-i PMID:  Int J Dev Neurosci. 2020 Aug 11. Epub 2020 Aug 11. PMID: 32780510 Abstract Title:  Ascorbic acid supplementation attenuates schizophrenia-like symptoms in an animal model induced by ketamine. Abstract:  Schizophrenia is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder with a poorly understood pathophysiology. The theories about the disorder are mainly about dysregulation in one or more systems of neurotransmitters, and the progression triggers the presence of inflammatory markers indicates the possibility that the disorder is initially an inflammatory disease. The objective was to evaluate the ascorbic acid supplementation in an animal model of schizophrenia, on behavioral parameters, and cytokines involved in inflammation IL-1β, IL-10. Wistar rats with 60 days of age were used which were supplemented with ascorbic acid at 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg or saline for 14 days via orogastric gavage. Subsequently, 4 groups were given ketamine (25mg/kg) and 4 groups received intraperitoneal saline from the 9th-15th day of the experiment. After 30 minutes of the last administration of ketamine/saline, and behavioral test, rats were killed by guillotine decapitation and the brain structures were carefully dissected for biochemical analysis. Results showed that ascorbic acid supplementation prevented motor sensory loss but nor alter other parameters evaluated. We concluded that ascorbic acid may be used as a therapeutic adjuvant in schizophrenia and may help to improve the schizophrenic patient&#039;s life quality. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ascorbic-acid-supplementation-attenuates-schizophrenia-symptoms-animal-model-i" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ascorbic-acid-supplementation-attenuates-schizophrenia-symptoms-animal-model-i#comments Schizophrenia Vitamin C Neuroprotective Agents Animal Study Sat, 15 Aug 2020 18:42:02 +0000 greenmedinfo 225302 at https://greenmedinfo.com Bio-Computational Evaluation of Compounds of Bacopa monnieri as a potential treatment for schizophrenia https://greenmedinfo.com/article/bio-computational-evaluation-compounds-bacopa-monnieri-potential-treatment-sch PMID:  Molecules. 2022 Oct 19 ;27(20). Epub 2022 Oct 19. PMID: 36296643 Abstract Title:  Bio-Computational Evaluation of Compounds of Bacopa Monnieri as a Potential Treatment for Schizophrenia. Abstract:  Schizophrenia is a horrible mental disorder characterized by distorted perceptions of reality. Investigations have not identified a single etiology for schizophrenia, and there are multiple hypotheses based on various aspects of the disease. There is no specific treatment for schizophrenia. Hence, we have tried to investigate the updated information stored in the genetic databases related to genes that could be responsible for schizophrenia and other related neuronal disorders. After implementing combined computational methodology, such as protein-protein interaction analysis led by system biology approach, in silico docking analysis was performed to explore the 3D binding pattern ofnatural compounds while interacting with STXBP1. The best-identified compound was CID:5319292 based on -10.3 kcal/mol binding energy. Further, selected complexes were dynamically evaluated by MDS methods, and the output reveals that the STXBP1-CID:5281800 complex showed the lowest RMSD value, i.e., between 0.3 and 0.4 nm. Hence, identified compounds could be used to develop and treat neuronal disorders after in vivo/in vitro testing. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/bio-computational-evaluation-compounds-bacopa-monnieri-potential-treatment-sch" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/bio-computational-evaluation-compounds-bacopa-monnieri-potential-treatment-sch#comments Bacopa Schizophrenia Neuroprotective Agents Plant Extracts In Vitro Study Sat, 29 Oct 2022 21:52:55 +0000 greenmedinfo 265651 at https://greenmedinfo.com Could N-acetylcysteine improve the safety of clozapine? https://greenmedinfo.com/article/could-n-acetylcysteine-improve-safety-clozapine PMID:  Hum Psychopharmacol. 2020 Nov 18. Epub 2020 Nov 18. PMID: 33206415 Abstract Title:  Could N-acetylcysteine improve the safety of clozapine? Abstract:  Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic indicated in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia which remains underused due to safety issues. Mechanisms behind these adverse effects are complex and not fully understood. They may involve immune-related mechanisms, direct toxic effects and oxidative stress. Clozapine-induced oxidative stress might indeed notably be involved in the onset of neutropenia, agranulocytosis, myocarditis, sialorrhea, and metabolic alterations. Therefore, the association of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an easily accessible, low-cost and well tolerated antioxidant drug could be of interest in clozapine-treated patients to improve clozapine safety. Furthermore, according to recent studies NAC could help to improve schizophrenia symptoms. We believe that the use of NAC in the context of clozapine prescribing merits further study, as it could improve clozapine safety which may lead to a wider use and ultimately improve the healthcare of thousands of patients. NAC could also secondarily show positive knock-on effects for the patients by improving clinical symptoms of schizophrenia in synergy with clozapine, and by reducing substance abuse and thus by improving the patient&#039;s overall condition. However, given the rarity of clozapine-induced severe adverse effects, only a large volume of data (e.g., National adverse events monitoring) could assess the benefits of NAC on clozapine safety. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/could-n-acetylcysteine-improve-safety-clozapine" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/could-n-acetylcysteine-improve-safety-clozapine#comments NAC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) Schizophrenia Antioxidants Clozapine Review Mon, 30 Nov 2020 20:49:22 +0000 greenmedinfo 230420 at https://greenmedinfo.com Patients with gradual onset schizophrenia had pineal calcification size that was significantly larger than those with sudden onset. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/patients-gradual-onset-schizophrenia-had-pineal-calcification-size-was-signifi PMID:  Int J Neurosci. 1992 Nov-Dec;67(1-4):9-17. PMID: 1305641 Abstract Title:  The pineal gland and the mode of onset of schizophrenia. Abstract:  Recent studies suggest that abnormal melatonin functions may be implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Since there is evidence that the presence of pineal calcification (PC) may relate, among other factors, to disturbances in melatonin secretion, I investigated in 23 chronic institutionalized schizophrenic patients the relationship of PC size on CT scan to the mode of onset of schizophrenia which carries both developmental and prognostic significance. Patients with gradual onset schizophrenia had PC size that was significantly larger than those with sudden onset (8.94 +/- 3.96 mm vs. 4.80 +/- 1.75 mm p https://greenmedinfo.com/article/patients-gradual-onset-schizophrenia-had-pineal-calcification-size-was-signifi#comments Pineal Gland Calcification Schizophrenia Diseases that are Linked Human Study Fri, 03 Jun 2011 18:13:27 +0000 greenmedinfo 64321 at https://greenmedinfo.com "North American ginseng extract, improves working memory in schizophrenia." https://greenmedinfo.com/article/north-american-ginseng-extract-improves-working-memory-schizophrenia PMID:  Phytother Res. 2011 Dec 30. Epub 2011 Dec 30. PMID: 22213250 Abstract Title:  HT1001, A Proprietary North American Ginseng Extract, Improves Working Memory in Schizophrenia: A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Abstract:  Evidence suggests that HT1001™, a proprietary North American ginseng extract containing known levels of active ginsenosides, may improve cognitive function. Importantly, individuals with schizophrenia show marked deficits in working memory, which are believed to be predictive of functional outcome in this population. The present study aimed to characterize the effect of HT1001 on working memory in a group of stable individuals with schizophrenia. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study design, a total of 64 individuals satisfying DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia were randomly assigned to receive either HT100 or placebo for 4 weeks. Verbal working memory and visual working memory were assessed at baseline and again at the end of the treatment phase using the Letter-Number Span Test and Visual Pattern Test, respectively. Symptoms and medication side effects were also measured at baseline and post-treatment. Visual working memory was significantly improved in the HT1001 group, but not in the placebo group. Furthermore, extrapyramidal symptoms were significantly reduced after 4 weeks treatment with HT1001, whereas no difference in extrapyramidal effects was observed in the placebo group. These results provide a solid foundation for the further investigation of HT1001 as an adjunct therapy in schizophrenia, as an improvement in working memory and a reduction in medication-related side effects has considerable potential to improve functional outcome in this population. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley&amp;Sons, Ltd. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/north-american-ginseng-extract-improves-working-memory-schizophrenia#comments Ginseng (American) Schizophrenia Human Study Wed, 11 Jan 2012 18:26:30 +0000 greenmedinfo 70719 at https://greenmedinfo.com 'Gluten Brain': Wheat Cuts Off Blood Flow To Frontal Cortex https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/gluten-brain-wheat-cuts-blood-flow-frontal-cortex <div class="copyright">This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2018<br/><strong><a href="/greenmedinfocom-re-post-guidelines">Visit our Re-post guidelines</a></strong></div><p class="rtecenter"><img alt="Research: Wheat Cuts Off Blood Flow To the Brain's Frontal Cortex" src="//cdn.greenmedinfo.com/sites/default/files/ckeditor/Sayer Ji/images/grain_brain_blood_flow.png" style="height: 480px; width: 600px;" /></p> <p><span style="font-size:22px;"><em><strong>Wheat consumption has been linked to psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia for over 60 years, but recent research indicates the mind-altering properties of this popular food are, in part, caused by it cutting off blood flow to the frontal cortex of the brain.&nbsp;</strong></em></span></p><p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/gluten-brain-wheat-cuts-blood-flow-frontal-cortex" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/gluten-brain-wheat-cuts-blood-flow-frontal-cortex#comments Brain Damage Cerebral Hypoperfusion Cognitive Decline/Dysfunction Neurodegenerative Diseases Psychiatric Disorders Schizophrenia Dark Side of Wheat Gluten Gluten exorphins Wheat Mon, 09 Apr 2018 21:00:00 +0000 Sayer Ji 111171 at https://greenmedinfo.com 11 Proven Health Benefits of Meditation https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/11-proven-health-benefits-meditation <div class="copyright">This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2019<br/><strong><a href="/greenmedinfocom-re-post-guidelines">Visit our Re-post guidelines</a></strong></div><p class="rtecenter"><img alt="11 Proven Health Benefits of Meditation" src="//cdn.greenmedinfo.com/sites/default/files/ckeditor/lrossi/images/meditation_benefits_greenmedinfo.png" style="width: 600px; height: 415px;" /></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px;"><em><strong>The ancient practice of meditation is enjoying a resurgence. Its proven health benefits have been discovered by such unlikely advocates as military programs and corporations</strong></em></span></p> <p>Meditation used to be confined to the mysterious and ascetic world of Buddhist monks. But now <strong><a href="/blog/meditate-you-have-medicate" rel="dofollow" target="_blank">meditation is going mainstream</a></strong>.&nbsp;</p> <p>Military programs incorporate meditation to treat soldiers with post-traumatic stress disorder and substance abuse. Corporations offer meditation as part of their wellness programs.</p><p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/11-proven-health-benefits-meditation" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/11-proven-health-benefits-meditation#comments Depression high blood pressure Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) Schizophrenia Meditation 11 Proven Health Benefits of Meditation meditation Wed, 24 Feb 2016 23:25:09 +0000 mmking 124204 at https://greenmedinfo.com 17 Proven Health Benefits of Ginkgo Biloba https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/17-proven-health-benefits-ginkgo-biloba <div class="copyright">This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2019<br/><strong><a href="/greenmedinfocom-re-post-guidelines">Visit our Re-post guidelines</a></strong></div><p class="rtecenter"><img alt="17 Proven Health Benefits of Ginkgo Biloba" src="//cdn.greenmedinfo.com/sites/default/files/ckeditor/lrossi/images/ginkgo_biloba_benefits_greenmedinfo.png" style="width: 600px; height: 415px;" title="Proven Health Benefits of Ginkgo Biloba" /></p> <p><em><strong><span style="font-size:18px;">Ginkgo biloba has been researched to have potential value in the treatment of over 100 diseases. Here are just 17 proven ways it can heal</span></strong></em></p> <p>The ginkgo biloba tree is unique in many ways. Also known as the "maidenhair" tree, it blooms only at night and sheds its blossoms immediately. Its fruit is said to stink of rancid butter. And it is a survivor.</p><p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/17-proven-health-benefits-ginkgo-biloba" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/17-proven-health-benefits-ginkgo-biloba#comments Alzheimer's Disease Ginkgo biloba Schizophrenia Tinnitus Vitiligo Health Guide: Herbs and Traditional Knowledge Benefits of Ginkgo Biloba Ginkgo Biloba benefits Ginkgo Biloba fyi Health Benefits of Ginkgo Biloba Proven Health Benefits of Ginkgo Biloba Sun, 21 Oct 2018 23:26:44 +0000 GMI Research Group 125623 at https://greenmedinfo.com 60 Years of Research Links Gluten Grains to Schizophrenia https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/60-years-research-links-gluten-grains-schizophrenia <div class="copyright">This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2018<br/><strong><a href="/greenmedinfocom-re-post-guidelines">Visit our Re-post guidelines</a></strong></div><p class="rtecenter"><img alt="60 Years of Research Links Gluten Grains to Schizophrenia" src="//cdn.greenmedinfo.com/sites/default/files/ckeditor/greenmedinfo/images/Gluten_Grains_Linked_to_Schizophrenia.png" style="width: 650px; height: 490px;" /></p> <p><span style="font-size:24px;"><em><strong>Does the consumption of gluten-containing grains contribute to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia?</strong></em></span></p> <p>Believe it or not, this question has been asked for well over 60 years by researchers who stumbled upon evidence that the removal of gluten from the diet results in improved symptoms, or conversely, that gluten grain consumption leads to higher prevalence of both neurological and psychiatric problems.</p><p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/60-years-research-links-gluten-grains-schizophrenia" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/60-years-research-links-gluten-grains-schizophrenia#comments Gluten Ataxia Gluten Enteropathy Gluten Sensitivity Mania: Acute Neuropathies Schizophrenia Dark Side of Wheat Gluten Wheat Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) Mon, 27 Aug 2018 20:49:10 +0000 Sayer Ji 89686 at https://greenmedinfo.com A case report of a female patient with schizophrenia, with left nostril dominance benefited from a right nostril breathing exercise which reduced the symptoms more quickly for hallucinations. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/case-report-female-patient-schizophrenia-left-nostril-dominance-benefited-righ PMID:  Psychiatry Res. 2015 Mar 30 ;226(1):289-94. Epub 2015 Jan 13. PMID: 25660663 Abstract Title:  Nasal cycle dominance and hallucinations in an adult schizophrenic female. Abstract:  Nasal dominance, at the onset of hallucinations, was studied as a marker of both the lateralized ultradian rhythm of the autonomic nervous system and the tightly coupled ultradian rhythm of alternating cerebral hemispheric dominance in a single case study of a schizophrenic female. Over 1086 days, 145 hallucination episodes occurred with left nostril dominance significantly greater than the right nostril dominant phase of the nasal cycle. A right nostril breathing exercise, that primarily stimulates the left hemisphere, reduces symptoms more quickly for hallucinations. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/case-report-female-patient-schizophrenia-left-nostril-dominance-benefited-righ#comments Hallucinations Schizophrenia Schizophrenic Disorders Nasal Breathing Yoga Nostril Dominance Human: Case Report Fri, 17 Apr 2015 22:37:32 +0000 greenmedinfo 116899 at https://greenmedinfo.com A gluten free diet is associated with improvement in psychiatric and gastrointestinal symptoms in people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/gluten-free-diet-associated-improvement-psychiatric-and-gastrointestinal-sympt PMID:  J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2019 Mar 27 ;44(3):1-9. Epub 2019 Mar 27. PMID: 30938127 Abstract Title:  Randomized controlled trial of a gluten-free diet in patients with schizophrenia positive for antigliadin antibodies (AGA IgG): a pilot feasibility study Abstract:  Background: Approximately one-third of people with schizophrenia have elevated levels of anti-gliadin antibodies of the immunoglobulin G type (AGA IgG)— a higher rate than seen in healthy controls. We performed the first double-blind clinical trial of gluten-free versus gluten-containing diets in a subset of patients with schizophrenia who were positive for AGA IgG.Methods: In this pilot feasibility study, 16 participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who had elevated AGA IgG (≥ 20 U) but were negative for celiac disease were admitted to an inpatient unit for a 5-week trial. All participants received standardized gluten-free meals and were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive a shake containing 10 g of gluten flour or 10 g of rice flour each day. Participantswere rated for psychiatric, cognitive and gastrointestinal symptoms at baseline and endpoint.Results: Of the 16 participants, 14 completed the 5-week trial (2 discontinued early for administrative reasons). Compared with participants on the gluten-containing diet, participants on the gluten-free diet showed improvement on the Clinical Global Impressions scale (Cohen d =–0.75) and in negative symptoms (Cohen d = –0.53). We noted no improvement in positive or global cognitive symptoms, but did observe an improvement in attention favouring the gluten-free diet (Cohen d = 0.60). Robust improvements in gastrointestinal adverse effects occurred in the gluten-free group relative to the glutencontaining group. Adverse effects were similar between groups.Limitations: This study was limited by its small sample size; larger studies are needed.Conclusion: This feasibility study suggests that removal of gluten from the diet is associated with improvement in psychiatric and gastrointestinal symptoms in people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/gluten-free-diet-associated-improvement-psychiatric-and-gastrointestinal-sympt" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/gluten-free-diet-associated-improvement-psychiatric-and-gastrointestinal-sympt#comments Schizophrenia Dietary Modification: Wheat/Gluten Free Human Study Sat, 06 Apr 2019 16:11:55 +0000 greenmedinfo 184385 at https://greenmedinfo.com A mini review of the role of vitamin D in brain health. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mini-review-role-vitamin-d-brain-health PMID:  Cureus. 2018 Jul 10 ;10(7):e2960. Epub 2018 Jul 10. PMID: 30214848 Abstract Title:  The Role of Vitamin D in Brain Health: A Mini Literature Review. Abstract:  Vitamin D is vital for our body as it regulates calcium homeostasis and maintains bone integrity. In this article, we will discuss how vitamin D aids in the function of neuronal and glial tissue and the many health consequences in a person with vitamin D deficiency. Some of the effects of vitamin D deficiency that will be discussed include the development of dementia caused by the increase of cerebral soluble and insoluble amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and a decrease of its anti-inflammatory/antioxidant properties, the link to depression by a reduction of the buffering of increased calcium in the brain, and vitamin D deficiency in expecting mothers linking to the development of autism and schizophrenic-like disorders, hypoxic brain injury, and other mental illnesses. Lastly, we will discuss how vitamin D deficiency is linked to the development of diabetes mellitus, its role in neuronal development and a decrease of microglial inflammatory function leading to increased brain infections. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mini-review-role-vitamin-d-brain-health" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mini-review-role-vitamin-d-brain-health#comments Autism Dementia Schizophrenia Vitamin D Vitamin D Deficiency Neuroprotective Agents Review Thu, 06 Dec 2018 20:25:50 +0000 greenmedinfo 175286 at https://greenmedinfo.com A review of inflammation in schizophrenia. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-inflammation-schizophrenia PMID:  Schizophr Bull. 2018 Apr 10. Epub 2018 Apr 10. PMID: 29648618 Abstract Title:  Inflammation in Schizophrenia: Pathogenetic Aspects and Therapeutic Considerations. Abstract:  This paper discusses the current evidence from animal and human studies for a central role of inflammation in schizophrenia. In animal models, pre- or perinatal elicitation of the immune response may increase immune reactivity throughout life, and similar findings have been described in humans. Levels of pro-inflammatory markers, such as cytokines, have been found to be increased in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with schizophrenia. Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies have provided evidence that various infectious agents are risk factors for schizophrenia and other psychoses. For example, a large-scale epidemiological study performed in Denmark clearly showed that severe infections and autoimmune disorders are such risk factors. The vulnerability-stress-inflammation model may help to explain the role of inflammation in schizophrenia because stress can increase pro-inflammatory cytokines and may even contribute to a chronic pro-inflammatory state. Schizophrenia is characterized by risk genes that promote inflammation and by environmental stress factors and alterations of the immune system. Typical alterations of dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission described in schizophrenia have also been found in low-level neuroinflammation and consequently may be key factors in the generation of schizophrenia symptoms. Further support for the relevance of a low-level neuroinflammatory process in schizophrenia is provided by the loss of central nervous system volume and microglial activation demonstrated in neuroimaging studies. Last but not least, the benefit of anti-inflammatory medications found in some studies and the intrinsic anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of antipsychotics provide further support for the role of inflammation in this debilitating disease. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-inflammation-schizophrenia" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-inflammation-schizophrenia#comments Inflammation Schizophrenia Review Tue, 17 Jul 2018 19:47:11 +0000 greenmedinfo 167501 at https://greenmedinfo.com A review of the gut microbiota in neuropsychiatric disorders. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-gut-microbiota-neuropsychiatric-disorders PMID:  Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 2018 ;78(2):69-81. PMID: 30019700 Abstract Title:  The gut microbiota in neuropsychiatric disorders. Abstract:  The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge about the gut microbiota in neuropsychiatric disorders. It is estimated that the human gut is colonized by up to 1018 microorganisms, mostly anaerobic bacteria. The gut microbiome is responsible for multiple functions, e.g. tightness of the intestine barrier, digestion and absorption. The correlation between gut dysbiosis and development of psychiatric, autoimmune and allergic diseases as well as bidirectional communication between brain and gut microflora have been shown. Recent findings suggest that specific bacteria can be involved in the development of clinical conditions, such as Autism Spectrum Disorders, depression and schizophrenia, and microbiota may be a target for therapeutic intervention providing novel treatment strategies. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-gut-microbiota-neuropsychiatric-disorders" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-gut-microbiota-neuropsychiatric-disorders#comments Autism Spectrum Disorders Depression Dysbiosis Schizophrenia Gut-brain Axis Review Mon, 07 Jan 2019 21:06:06 +0000 greenmedinfo 177072 at https://greenmedinfo.com A review of the many benefits of cannabinoids in health and disease. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-many-benefits-cannabinoids-health-and-disease PMID:  Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2007 ;9(4):413-30. PMID: 18286801 Abstract Title:  Cannabinoids in health and disease. Abstract:  Cannabis sativa L. preparations have been used in medicine for millenia. However, concern over the dangers of abuse led to the banning of the medicinal use of marijuana in most countries in the 1930s. Only recently, marijuana and individual natural and synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists, as well as chemically related compounds, whose mechanism of action is still obscure, have come back to being considered of therapeutic value. However, their use is highly restricted. Despite the mild addiction to cannabis and the possible enhancement of addiction to other substances of abuse, when combined with cannabis, the therapeutic value of cannabinoids is too high to be put aside. Numerous diseases, such as anorexia, emesis, pain, inflammation, multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson&#039;s disease, Huntington&#039;s disease, Tourette&#039;s syndrome, Alzheimer&#039;s disease), epilepsy, glaucoma, osteoporosis, schizophrenia, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, obesity, and metabolic syndrome-related disorders, to name just a few, are being treated or have the potential to be treated by cannabinoid agonists/antagonists/cannabinoid-related compounds. In view of the very low toxicity and the generally benign side effects of this group of compounds, neglecting or denying their clinical potential is unacceptable--instead, we need to work on the development of more selective cannabinoid receptor agonists/antagonists and related compounds, as well as on novel drugs of this family with better selectivity, distribution patterns, and pharmacokinetics, and--in cases where it is impossible to separate the desired clinical action and the psychoactivity--just to monitor these side effects carefully. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-many-benefits-cannabinoids-health-and-disease#comments Anorexia Cancers: All Cannabinoids Cannabinoids: Synthetic Epilepsy Inflammation Multiple Sclerosis Neurodegenerative Diseases Obesity Schizophrenia Review Thu, 07 May 2015 17:24:09 +0000 greenmedinfo 117219 at https://greenmedinfo.com