Mycoplasma Infections https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/1933/all en Ameliorative effect of synthesized silver nanoparticles by green route method from Zingiber zerumbet on mycoplasmal pneumonia in experimental mice. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ameliorative-effect-synthesized-silver-nanoparticles-green-route-method-zingib PMID:  Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2019 Dec ;47(1):2146-2154. PMID: 31159595 Abstract Title:  Ameliorative effect of synthesized silver nanoparticles by green route method fromon mycoplasmal pneumonia in experimental mice. Abstract:  (MP) can infect both the upper and lower respiratory tracts related diseases and a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia, mostly in young children and adolescents.(L.) belongs to the family of Zingiberaceae and it is a perennial and aromatic plant that cultivates in subtropical and tropical countries. This plant is traditionally found throughout Southeast Asia and the Pacific region, where it is commonly used in foods, and beverages purposes.is a valuable foundation of diverse classes of bioactive major compounds that fit to a varied diversity of chemical metabolites, including polyphenols, alkaloids and terpenes. The numerous studies ofhave shown the enormous pharmacological potential of this plant and its derived bioactive compounds in the treatment of various immune-related diseases like inflammation and other chronic diseases. Based on the previous scientific reports, there are no scientific investigations that claim the antipneumonial activity of thebased silver nanoparticle. Therefore, the aim of the present study was designed and evaluated the anti-pneumonial potential of biosynthesized withbased silver nanoparticles in mycoplasmal pneumonia in experimental rats. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ameliorative-effect-synthesized-silver-nanoparticles-green-route-method-zingib" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ameliorative-effect-synthesized-silver-nanoparticles-green-route-method-zingib#comments Lower Respiratory Infections Mycoplasma Infections Pneumonia Silver (nanoparticles) Upper Respiratory Infections Anti-Bacterial Agents Animal Study Thu, 02 Apr 2020 21:45:32 +0000 greenmedinfo 217821 at https://greenmedinfo.com Baicalin alleviates Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/baicalin-alleviates-mycoplasma-gallisepticum-induced-oxidative-stress-and-infl PMID:  Int Immunopharmacol. 2021 Oct 14 ;101(Pt B):108250. Epub 2021 Oct 14. PMID: 34656906 Abstract Title:  Baicalin alleviates Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced oxidative stress and inflammation via modulating NLRP3 inflammasome-autophagy pathway. Abstract:  Baicalin is a well-known flavonoid compound, possess therapeutic potential against inflammatory diseases. Previous studies reported that Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) induced inflammatory response and immune dysregulation inside the host body. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of baicalin against MG-infected chicken-like macrophages (HD11 cells) are still illusive. Oxidant status and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by ELISA assays and flow cytometry respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy was used for ultrastructural analysis. The hallmarks of inflammation and autophagy were determined by western blotting. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly enhanced in the MG-infected HD11 cells. MG infection caused disruption in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) compared to the control conditions. Meanwhile, baicalin treatment reduced MG-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress and alleviated the disruption inΔΨ. The activities of inflammatory markers were significantly enhanced in the MG-infected HD11 cells. Increased protein expressions of TLR-2-NF-κB pathway, NLRP3-inflammasome and autophagy-related proteins were detected in the MG-infected HD11 cells. Besides, baicalin treatment significantly reduced the protein expressions of TLR-2-NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. While, the autophagy-related proteins were significantly enhanced withbaicalin treatment in a dose-dependent manner in the MG-infected HD11 cells. The results showed that baicalin prevented HD11 cells from MG-induced oxidative stress and inflammation via the opposite modulation of TLR-2-NF-κB-mediated NLRP3-inflammasome pathway and autophagy, and baicalin could be apromising candidate for the prevention of inflammatory effects caused by MG-infection in macrophages. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/baicalin-alleviates-mycoplasma-gallisepticum-induced-oxidative-stress-and-infl" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/baicalin-alleviates-mycoplasma-gallisepticum-induced-oxidative-stress-and-infl#comments Flavonoids Mycoplasma Infections Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antioxidants In Vitro Study Thu, 28 Oct 2021 00:45:02 +0000 greenmedinfo 247913 at https://greenmedinfo.com Baicalin ameliorates Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced inflammatory injury. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/baicalin-ameliorates-mycoplasma-gallisepticum-induced-inflammatory-injury PMID:  Food Funct. 2021 May 11 ;12(9):4092-4104. PMID: 33977979 Abstract Title:  Baicalin ameliorates-induced inflammatory injury in the chicken lung through regulating the intestinal microbiota and phenylalanine metabolism. Abstract:  Baicalin shows excellent protective effects against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) induced inflammatory injury as discussed in our previous studies. However, the physiological effects of baicalin are notable in contrast to its low bioavailability, and the critical mechanism for the protective effects of baicalin against MG infection is still unclear. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether baicalin alleviates MG-induced lung inflammatory injury through regulating gut microbiota. Using an MG infection model, results showed that baicalin treatment significantly reduced MG colonization and ameliorated the abnormal pathological changes in the lung. Baicalin treatment also reduced the level of proinflammatory cytokines and suppressed proinflammatory protein expression. Notably, MG infection changed the gut microbiota composition, however, the abnormal gut microbiota composition was partially alleviated by baicalin treatment. Baicalin significantly enriched the commensal bacterium Bacteroides fragilis, and gavaged with Bacteroides fragilis alleviating MG infection-induced inflammatory injury in the lung. In addition, baicalin reversed peripheral accumulation of phenylalanine induced by MG infection. Importantly, increased phenylalanine induced excessive necroptosis through the modulation of gga-miR-190a-3p-Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) axis in HD11 macrophages. Together, our findings highlighted the role of gut microbiota and phenylalanine metabolism in MG infection and confirmed that baicalin could effectively inhibit MG-induced inflammatory injury in the lung by remodeling the gut microbiota and phenylalanine metabolism. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/baicalin-ameliorates-mycoplasma-gallisepticum-induced-inflammatory-injury" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/baicalin-ameliorates-mycoplasma-gallisepticum-induced-inflammatory-injury#comments Flavonoids Inflammation Mycoplasma Infections Gastrointestinal Agents Animal Study Sat, 30 Oct 2021 21:41:05 +0000 greenmedinfo 247979 at https://greenmedinfo.com Baicalin ameliorates Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced lung inflammation in chicken by inhibiting TLR6-mediated NF-κB signalling. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/baicalin-ameliorates-mycoplasma-gallisepticum-induced-lung-inflammation-chicke PMID:  Br Poult Sci. 2021 Apr ;62(2):199-210. Epub 2020 Dec 9. PMID: 33252265 Abstract Title:  Baicalin ameliorates-induced lung inflammation in chicken by inhibiting TLR6-mediated NF-κB signalling. Abstract:  1.(MG) causes severe lung inflammation and cell damage by activating toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling, the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-B) pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Baicalin (BA) is a flavonoid extracted from, which possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. This study investigated the effect of BA in MG-induced lung inflammation and its potential mechanism in MG-infected chicken embryo lungs and DF-1 cells.2. The histopathological examination result showed that BA treatment alleviated MG-induced lung pathological changes. In addition, CCK-8 and cell cycle assays showed that BA treatment inhibited MG-induced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in DF-1 cells.3. The ELISA and RT-qPCR results demonstrated that BA treatment decreased the expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1), IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) both in MG-infected chicken embryo lungs and DF-1 cells.4. The results revealed that BA inhibited mRNA expression levels of toll-like receptor-6 (TLR6), myeloid differentiation primary response gene-88 (MyD88) and nuclear factor-B (NF-B), and the nuclear translocation of NF-B-p655. In conclusion, the results showed that BA has a protective effect against MG-induced lung inflammation in chicken by inhibiting the TLR6-mediated NF-κB signalling. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/baicalin-ameliorates-mycoplasma-gallisepticum-induced-lung-inflammation-chicke" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/baicalin-ameliorates-mycoplasma-gallisepticum-induced-lung-inflammation-chicke#comments Flavonoids Mycoplasma Infections Anti-Inflammatory Agents Interleukin-1 beta downregulation Interleukin-6 Downregulation NF-kappaB Inhibitor Animal Study Thu, 04 Nov 2021 17:01:41 +0000 greenmedinfo 248224 at https://greenmedinfo.com Baicalin inhibits inflammation caused by coinfection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Escherichia coli involving IL-17 signaling pathway. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/baicalin-inhibits-inflammation-caused-coinfection-mycoplasma-gallisepticum-and PMID:  Poult Sci. 2020 Nov ;99(11):5472-5480. Epub 2020 Sep 12. PMID: 33142464 Abstract Title:  Baicalin inhibits inflammation caused by coinfection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Escherichia coli involving IL-17 signaling pathway. Abstract:  Coinfection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) is frequently reported in poultry farms. Baicalin possess various pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant, etc. However, the protective effects of baicalin against coinfection of MG and E. coli are still elusive. In this study, baicalin (450 mg/kg) treatment was started on day 13 after infection and continued for 5 d. Histopathological examination, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and molecular docking technique were used to evaluate the effects of baicalin on MG and E. coli coinfection in chicken lung and trachea. The results showed that coinfectioncaused severe lesions in the lung and tracheal tissues. However, baicalin treatment partially alleviated these lesions in coinfection group. Histopathological examination showed the alveolar spaces and mucosal layer thickening was restored and cilia gradually recovered with baicalin treatment compared in coinfection group and MG-infection group. Meanwhile, IL-17 singling pathway-related genes were significantly reduced (P <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/baicalin-inhibits-inflammation-caused-coinfection-mycoplasma-gallisepticum-and" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/baicalin-inhibits-inflammation-caused-coinfection-mycoplasma-gallisepticum-and#comments Escherichia coli Infections Flavonoids Inflammation Mycoplasma Infections Anti-Inflammatory Agents In Vitro Study Thu, 04 Nov 2021 19:44:42 +0000 greenmedinfo 248238 at https://greenmedinfo.com Baicalin relieves Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection‑induced lung injury. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/baicalin-relieves-mycoplasma-pneumoniae-infection-induced-lung-injury PMID:  Mol Med Rep. 2021 Aug ;24(2). Epub 2021 Jun 10. PMID: 34109422 Abstract Title:  Baicalin relievesinfection‑induced lung injury through regulating microRNA‑221 to inhibit the TLR4/NF‑κB signaling pathway. Abstract:  (MP) is a common pathogen that can cause respiratory infections. MP pneumonia (MPP) leads to numerous complications, including lung injury and even death. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Baicalin treatment on MP infection‑induced lung injury and the molecular mechanism underlying these effects. Briefly, after mice were infected intranasally by MP and treated with Baicalin (80 mg/kg), serum levels of MP‑immunoglobulin M (IgM) were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of C‑reactive protein (CRP) in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was examined by ELISA. Inflammatory factors and inflammatory cells in the BALF were assessed. The expression levels of microRNA (miR)‑221 in lung tissue were examined by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and pathological changes in lung tissue were detected by H&amp;E staining. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay and the protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF‑κB were detected by western blotting. Baicalin treatment significantly reduced serum levels of MP‑IgM and CRP expression in lung tissue during MP infection. In addition, Baicalin decreased the levels of IL‑1β, IL‑6, IL‑18 and TNF‑α in the BALF, and the number of inflammatory cells. Baicalin also reduced the inflammatory infiltration in lung tissue induced by MP infection, improved the pathological changes detected in lung tissue, reduced apoptosis, and downregulated the protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF‑κB. Furthermore, Baicalin treatment downregulated the expression of miR‑221 and the protective effects of Baicalin were attenuated by miR‑221 overexpression. In conclusion, Baicalin has a therapeutic effect on mice with MP infection‑induced lung injury, which may be related to inhibition of miR‑221 expression and regulation of the TLR4/NF‑κB signaling pathway. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/baicalin-relieves-mycoplasma-pneumoniae-infection-induced-lung-injury" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/baicalin-relieves-mycoplasma-pneumoniae-infection-induced-lung-injury#comments Flavonoids Lung Injury: Acute Mycoplasma Infections Anti-Inflammatory Agents MicroRNA modulator NF-kappaB Inhibitor In Vitro Study Sat, 30 Oct 2021 18:48:48 +0000 greenmedinfo 247969 at https://greenmedinfo.com Citrus bergamia essential oil and its major components showed in vitro antimycoplasmal activity. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/citrus-bergamia-essential-oil-and-its-major-components-showed-vitro-antimycopl PMID:  Eur J Med Chem. 2012 Jun ;52:66-9. Epub 2012 Mar 11. PMID: 22465092 Abstract Title:  In vitro antimycoplasmal activity of citrus bergamia essential oil and its major components. Abstract:  Forty-two strains of Mycoplasma hominis (including PG21), 2 strain of Mycoplasma fermentans (Pg18 and K7), 1 strain of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (strain m129) were investigated for their susceptibilities to Citrus bergamia essential oil and to its major components (limonene, linalyl acetate and linalool). C. bergamia essential oil inhibited mycoplasmas at concentrations from 0.5 to 1% (MIC value as % v/v). M. hominis showed MIC(50) values of 0.5% and MIC(90) values of 1%; M. pneumoniae showed a MIC value of 0.5% while M. fermentans strains were inhibited by MIC values of 1%. M. pneumoniae and M. hominis shared the same susceptibility to linalyl acetate, with MIC values of 0.015% (corresponding to MIC(50) and MIC(90) for M. hominis); M. fermentans strains were less susceptible with MIC values of 0.12%. Among the major components tested, linalool showed higher activity against M. pneumoniae and M. fermentans (MIC values of 0.015 and 0.06%, respectively) but was less active against M. hominis (MIC(50) and MIC(90) values of both 1%); limonene was active against M. pneumoniae (MIC value of 0.03%) but was less active against M. fermentans (MIC values of 1%) and M. hominis (both MIC(50) and MIC(90) values of ≥4%). The results indicated that C. bergamia essential oil and its major components had shown an interesting in vitro antimycoplasmal activity. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/citrus-bergamia-essential-oil-and-its-major-components-showed-vitro-antimycopl#comments Bergamot orange Mycoplasma Infections Antimycobacterial In Vitro Study Tue, 01 May 2012 15:24:14 +0000 greenmedinfo 75155 at https://greenmedinfo.com Elecampane contains compounds with significant activity against Mycobacterium tubercolosis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/elecampane-contains-compounds-significant-activity-against-mycobacterium-tuber PMID:  Planta Med. 1999 May;65(4):351-5. PMID: 10364842 Abstract Title:  Antimycobacterial eudesmanolides from Inula helenium and Rudbeckia subtomentosa. Abstract:  In a bioassay guided search for antimycobacterial compounds from higher plants, the root extracts of Elecampane (Inula helenium L.; Asteraceae) and Sweet Coneflower (Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh.; Asteraceae) were chemically investigated for their active constituents. Chromatographic fractions of root extracts of l. helenium, which exhibited significant activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, provided the known eudesmanolides alantolactone, isoalantolactone, and 11 alpha H, 13-dihydroisoalantolactone. Peracid epoxidation of alantolactone and isoalantolactone provided 5 alpha-epoxyalantolactone and 4(15) alpha-epoxyisoalantolactone, respectively and oxidation of alantolactone with OsO4 gave 11,13-dihydroxyalantolactone. Active fractions from R subtomentosa contained the known alloalantolactone and 3-oxoalloalantolactone. The structures of the above compounds were established by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR techniques as well as spectral comparison with previously reported data. The molecular structure of 5 alpha-epoxyalantolactone was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Eleven natural and semisynthetic eudesmanolides were tested in a radiorespirometric bioassay for activity against M. tuberculosis. 5 alpha-Epoxyalantolactone and encelin from Montanoa speciosa showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 8 and 16 micrograms ml-1, respectively. Alantolactone, isoalantolactone and its 4 alpha, 15-epoxide, 1,2-dehydro-3-epi-isotelekin and alloalantolactone gave MICs of 32 micrograms ml-1. All other compounds showed MIC values of 128 micrograms ml-1 or higher. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/elecampane-contains-compounds-significant-activity-against-mycobacterium-tuber#comments Elecampane Mycobacterium Avium Mycoplasma Infections In Vitro Study Mon, 20 Apr 2009 06:08:32 +0000 greenmedinfo 41382 at https://greenmedinfo.com Eperythrozoonosis https://greenmedinfo.com/disease/eperythrozoonosis <div class="field field-image"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <img class="imagefield imagefield-field_image" width="450" height="450" alt="" src="//cdn.greenmedinfo.com/sites/default/files/RedBloodCell.jpg?1474651739" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-copyright"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> Copyright: &lt;a href=&#039;http://www.123rf.com/profile_nobeastsofierce&#039;&gt;nobeastsofierce / 123RF Stock Photo&lt;/a&gt; </div> </div> </div> <fieldset class="fieldgroup group-facebook-like-info"><legend>Facebook Like Info</legend><div class="field field-facebook-total-count"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 0 </div> </div> </div> </fieldset> Mycoplasma Infections Tue, 14 Apr 2009 07:17:28 +0000 greenmedinfo 19889 at https://greenmedinfo.com Fucoxanthin suppresses Mycoplasma pneumoniae-triggered inflammatory cytokine production. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/fucoxanthin-suppresses-mycoplasma-pneumoniae-triggered-inflammatory-cytokine-p PMID:  Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 ;2022:6238162. Epub 2022 Apr 21. PMID: 35497921 Abstract Title:  Fucoxanthin, a Marine Carotenoid, Suppresses-Triggered Inflammatory Cytokine Production and Promotes Bacterial Clearance in a Murine Model. Abstract:  (MP), an atypical bacterium, is a common pathogenetic organism of respiratory infection in children. In the present study, we analyzed the beneficial role of fucoxanthin (Fx), a marine carotenoid, in a murine model of MP. C57BL/6 mice were inoculated once intranasally with 10 CFU of, and we found that Fx treatment markedly decreased BAL (quantitative bronchoalveolar lavage)concentrations and alleviated airway obstruction in the infected mice. Moreover, the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-and IL-1, were significantly decreased by Fx treatment in the BAL samples of infected mice. In vitro study further indicated that Fx treatment markedly suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages afterinfection. In conclusion, this may be the first study to report the protective role of Fx againstinfection, providing a potential therapeutic agent for MP. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/fucoxanthin-suppresses-mycoplasma-pneumoniae-triggered-inflammatory-cytokine-p" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/fucoxanthin-suppresses-mycoplasma-pneumoniae-triggered-inflammatory-cytokine-p#comments Fucoxanthin Mycoplasma Infections Pneumonia Anti-Bacterial Agents Anti-Inflammatory Agents Animal Study Sun, 17 Jul 2022 22:51:56 +0000 greenmedinfo 260654 at https://greenmedinfo.com High antibody titres against predicted Mycoplasma surface proteins do not prevent sequestration in infected lung tissue in the course of experimental contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/high-antibody-titres-against-predicted-mycoplasma-surface-proteins-do-not-prev PMID:  Vet Microbiol. 2014 Aug 6 ;172(1-2):285-93. Epub 2014 May 5. PMID: 24880898 Abstract Title:  High antibody titres against predicted Mycoplasma surface proteins do not prevent sequestration in infected lung tissue in the course of experimental contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Abstract:  Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), a severe respiratory disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) is endemic in many African countries due to fragmented veterinary services and the lack of an efficient vaccine and sensitive diagnostics. More efficient tools to control the disease are needed, but to develop the tools, a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions is necessary. The aim of this study was to characterize the kinetics of the humoral immune response against 65 Mmm surface antigens for an extended period in cattle that survived a primary infection with Mmm. We describe clinical and haematological outcomes, and dissect the humoral immune response over time, to specific antigens and compared the antibody responses between different pathomorphological outcomes. No antigen-specific antibodies correlating with protection were identified. Interestingly we found that animals that developed Mycoplasma-containing sequestra had significantly higher antibody levels against proteins comprising the surface proteome than the animals that cleared Mycoplasma from their lungs. Based on these data we suggest that high antibody titres might play a role in the establishment of pathomorphological changes, such as vasculitis, which should be investigated in future studies. Beneficial antibody specificities and cellular immune responses need to be identified in order to foster the development of an improved vaccine in the future. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/high-antibody-titres-against-predicted-mycoplasma-surface-proteins-do-not-prev#comments Mycoplasma Infections Vaccine-induced Toxicity Vaccination: All Antibody Theory Of Vaccinology Human Study Mon, 12 Jan 2015 22:03:42 +0000 greenmedinfo 115977 at https://greenmedinfo.com Low-molecular-weight fucoidan has a potential role in preventing M. pneumoniae infection. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/low-molecular-weight-fucoidan-has-potential-role-preventing-m-pneumoniae-infec PMID:  Mar Drugs. 2019 Mar 18 ;17(3). Epub 2019 Mar 18. PMID: 30889882 Abstract Title:  Dietary Supplementation with Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan Enhances Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses and Protects againstAntigen Stimulation. Abstract:  In this study, the low-molecular-weight (LMW) fucoidan, rich in fucose and sulfate, was extracted and purified from the edible brown seaweed,. In this study, we orally administered LMW fucoidan to mice for 6 weeks. We then examined fucoidan&#039;s effects on innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and(MP)-antigen-stimulated immune responses. Our data showed that LMW fucoidan stimulated the innate immune system by increasing splenocyte proliferation, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and phagocytic activity. LMW fucoidan also increased interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and interferon (IFN)-γ secretion by splenocytes and immunoglobulin (Ig)-G and IgA content in serum, which help regulate adaptive immune cell functions, and decreased allergen-specific IgE. In MP-antigen-stimulated immune responses, the IgM and IgG content in the serum were significantly higher in the LMW fucoidan groupafter MP-antigen stimulation. Our study provides further information about the immunomodulatory effects of LMW fucoidan and highlights a potential role in preventinginfection. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/low-molecular-weight-fucoidan-has-potential-role-preventing-m-pneumoniae-infec" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/low-molecular-weight-fucoidan-has-potential-role-preventing-m-pneumoniae-infec#comments Fucoidan Mycoplasma Infections Immunomodulatory In Vitro Study Fri, 05 Apr 2019 18:42:17 +0000 greenmedinfo 184323 at https://greenmedinfo.com Methylsulfonylmethane ameliorates inflammation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/methylsulfonylmethane-ameliorates-inflammation PMID:  Poult Sci. 2022 Jan 10 ;101(4):101706. Epub 2022 Jan 10. PMID: 35121233 Abstract Title:  Methylsulfonylmethane ameliorates inflammation via NF-κB and ERK/JNK-MAPK signaling pathway in chicken trachea and HD11 cells during Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. Abstract:  Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is an avian pathogen that commonly causes respiratory diseases in poultry. Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a sulfur-containing natural compound that could alleviate inflammatory injury through its excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, it is still unclear whether MSM prevents MG infection. The purpose of this study is to determine whether MSM has mitigative effects on MG-induced inflammatory injury in chicken and chicken like macrophages (HD11 cells). In this research, White Leghorn chickens and HD11 cells were used to build the MG-infection model. Besides, the protective effects of MSM against MG infection were evaluated by detecting MG colonization, histopathological changes, oxidative stress and inflammatory injury of trachea, and HD11 cells. The results revealed that MG infection induced inflammatory injury and oxidative stress in trachea and HD11 cells. However, MSM treatment significantly ameliorated oxidative stress, partially alleviated the abnormal morphological changes and reduced MG colonization under MG infection. Moreover, MSM reduced the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines-related genes and decreased the number of death cells under MG infection. Importantly, the protective effects of MSM were associated with suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK)/Jun amino terminal kinases (JNK)-mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway in trachea and HD11 cells. These results proved that MSM has protective effects on MG-induced inflammation in chicken, and supplied a better strategy for the protective intervention of this disease. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/methylsulfonylmethane-ameliorates-inflammation" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/methylsulfonylmethane-ameliorates-inflammation#comments Inflammation MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane) Mycoplasma Infections Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antioxidants NF-kappaB Inhibitor Animal Study In Vitro Study Sat, 26 Mar 2022 02:03:24 +0000 greenmedinfo 255281 at https://greenmedinfo.com Mycoplasma testing of cell substrates and biologics is often not performed due to the long turn around. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mycoplasma-testing-cell-substrates-and-biologics-often-not-performed-due-long- PMID:  Mol Cell Probes. 2011 Apr-Jun;25(2-3):69-77. Epub 2011 Jan 11. PMID: 21232597 Abstract Title:  Mycoplasma testing of cell substrates and biologics: Review of alternative non-microbiological techniques. Abstract:  Mycoplasmas, particularly species of the genera Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma, are known to be occasional microbial contaminants of cell cultures that produce biologics. This presents a serious concern regarding the risk of mycoplasma contamination for research laboratories and commercial facilities developing and manufacturing cell-derived biological and biopharmaceutical products for therapeutic use. Potential undetected contamination of these products or process intermediates with mycoplasmas represents a potential safety risk for patients and a business risk for producers of biopharmaceuticals. To minimize these risks, monitoring for adventitious agents, such as viruses and mycoplasmas, is performed during the manufacture of biologics produced in cell culture substrates. The&quot;gold standard&quot;microbiological assay, currently recommended by the USP, EP, JP and the US FDA, for the mycoplasma testing of biologics, involves the culture of viable mycoplasmas in broth, agar plates and indicator cells. Although the procedure enables highly efficient mycoplasma detection in cell substrates and cell-derived products, the overall testing strategy is time consuming (a minimum of 28 days) and requires skilled interpretation of the results. The long time period required for these conventional assays does not permit their use for products with short shelf-lives or for timely &#039;go/no-go&#039; decisions during routine in-process testing. PCR methodology has existed for decades, however PCR based and other alternative methods for mycoplasma detection have only recently been considered for application to biologics manufacture. The application of alternative nucleic acid-based, enzyme-based and/or recombinant cell-culture methods, particularly in combination with efficient sample preparation procedures, could provide advantages over conventional microbiological methods in terms of analytical throughput, simplicity, and turnaround time. However, a challenge to the application of alternative methods for detection of mycoplasmas remains whether these alternative methods can provide a limit of detection comparable or superior to those of the culture methods. An additional challenge is that nucleic acid amplification technique (NAT) methods do not allow for accurate discrimination between viable and non-viable mycoplasma contaminants, which might lead to false-positive results (e.g. from inactivated raw materials, etc.). Our review provides an overview of these alternative methods and discusses the pros and cons of their application for the testing of mycoplasmas in biologics and cell substrates. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mycoplasma-testing-cell-substrates-and-biologics-often-not-performed-due-long-#comments Mycoplasma Infections Vaccination: All Vaccine Risks: Mycoplasma Vaccine Safety Review Fri, 27 Apr 2012 21:51:54 +0000 greenmedinfo 74995 at https://greenmedinfo.com Naringenin treatment suppressed the inflammatory response and pulmonary fibrosis by inhibition of autophagy after Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/naringenin-treatment-suppressed-inflammatory-response-and-pulmonary-fibrosis-i PMID:  Mediators Inflamm. 2018 ;2018:8753894. Epub 2018 Apr 4. PMID: 29849498 Abstract Title:  The Protective Effect of Naringenin on Airway Remodeling afterInfection by Inhibiting Autophagy-Mediated Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis. Abstract:  Our previous study has shown that Chinese medicine, Qingfei Tongluo formula (QTF), has a significantly therapeutic effect to(MP) pneumonia (MPP). The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of naringenin (NRG) on MPP which was an important component of QTF. Here, we studied 124 children with or without MPP and compared inflammatory cytokines and fibrinogen-related protein expression with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also employed a BALB/c mouse model of MPP and divided the mice into three groups: ctrl (normal control mice), MPP (MPinfected mice), and MPP + NRG (MPinfected mice treated with NRG). BEAS-2B cells were used to confirm the relationship between autophagy, inflammation, and fibrosis. The results show proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin- [IL-] 6, IL-1, and tumor necrosis factor-), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-) expression was significantly increased after MP infection from both clinical and animal experiment. In vivo experimental confirmation showed that NRG treatment decreased MPP-induced lung injury in mice by inhibiting autophagy-mediated inflammatory cytokine expression and pulmonary fibrosis. In vitro experiments confirmed it. These results indicate that NRG treatment suppressed the inflammatory response and pulmonary fibrosis by inhibition of autophagy after MP infection. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/naringenin-treatment-suppressed-inflammatory-response-and-pulmonary-fibrosis-i" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/naringenin-treatment-suppressed-inflammatory-response-and-pulmonary-fibrosis-i#comments Fibrosis Mycoplasma Infections Naringenin Pneumonia Anti-Fibrotic Anti-Inflammatory Agents Animal Study Wed, 11 Jul 2018 22:50:46 +0000 greenmedinfo 167238 at https://greenmedinfo.com