Food Intolerances: Soy https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/23151/all en Infant feeding with soy formula milk has a disruptive effect on the testes of monkeys. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/infant-feeding-soy-formula-milk-has-disruptive-effect-testes-monkeys PMID:  Hum Reprod. 2006 Apr;21(4):896-904. Epub 2006 Feb 13. PMID: 16476680 Abstract Title:  Infant feeding with soy formula milk: effects on puberty progression, reproductive function and testicular cell numbers in marmoset monkeys in adulthood. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: This marmoset study addresses concerns about feeding human male infants with soy formula milk (SFM). METHODS: From age 4 to 5 days, seven male co-twin sets were fed standard formula milk (SMA) or SFM for 5-6 weeks; blood samples were subsequently collected at 10-week intervals. Testes from co-twins killed at 120-138 weeks were fixed for cell counts. RESULTS: SFM- and SMA-fed twins showed normal weight gain; puberty started and progressed normally, based on blood testosterone measurements. Body weight, organ weights (prostate, seminal vesicles, pituitary, thymus and spleen) and penis length were comparable in co-twins. All SMA- and 6/7 SFM-fed males were fertile. Unexpectedly, testis weight (P = 0.041), Sertoli (P = 0.025) and Leydig cell (P = 0.026) numbers per testis were consistently increased in SFM-fed co-twins; the increase in Leydig cell numbers was most marked in males with consistently low-normal testosterone levels. Seminiferous epithelium volume per tubule showed a less consistent, non-significant increase in SFM-fed males; raised germ cell numbers per testis, probably due to increased Sertoli cells, conceivably resulted in larger testes. Average lumen size, although greater in SFM-fed group, was inconsistent between co-twins and the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Infant feeding with SFM has no gross adverse reproductive effects in male marmosets, though it alters testis size and cell composition, and there is consistent, if indirect, evidence for possible 'compensated Leydig cell failure'. Similar and perhaps larger changes likely occur in adult men who were fed SFM as infants. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/infant-feeding-soy-formula-milk-has-disruptive-effect-testes-monkeys#comments Food Intolerances: Soy Infant Nutrition: Infant Formula Infant Formula Human Study Fri, 19 Feb 2010 01:43:53 +0000 greenmedinfo 51757 at https://greenmedinfo.com Infants with congenital hypothyroidism may do well to avoid soy-based formula. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/infants-congenital-hypothyroidism-may-do-well-avoid-soy-based-formula PMID:  J Am Coll Nutr. 1997 Jun;16(3):280-2. PMID: 9176836 Abstract Title:  Abnormal thyroid function tests in infants with congenital hypothyroidism: the influence of soy-based formula. Abstract:  OBJECTIVE: To assess the etiology of hyperthyroxinemia or hyperthyrotropinemia in infants with congenital hypothyroidism who are on replacement therapy with L-thyroxine. METHODS: These infants were treated with recommended doses of L-thyroxine following the diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism. Because of hyperthyroxinemia (2 patients) and hyperthyrotropinemia (1 patient), medication compliance and dietary practice (formula type, age of introduction, and discontinuation or change of the formula) were assessed. Clinical evaluation was also performed. RESULTS: Elevated thyroxine level in 2 infants was associated with discontinuation of soy formula 4 weeks previously; reduction of L-thyroxine dose normalized serum levels in both of these infants. In the third infant, who received soy formula from 1 week of age, TSH remained elevated despite incremental L-thyroxine doses of 19 micrograms/kg/day; discontinuation of soy formula was followed by normalization of the TSH in 3 weeks and helped attain a subsequent decrement of L-thyroxine dose to 8.6 micrograms/kg/day. Neither the hyperthyroxinemia nor hyperthyrotropinemia in these infants was associated with any adverse behavioral-developmental consequence. CONCLUSION: When initiating soy-formula feeding in infants with congenital hypothyroidism, the L-thyroxine dose should be increased because of significant reduction in intestinal absorption: conversely, when soy feeding is discontinued, the L-thyroxine dose should be decreased. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/infants-congenital-hypothyroidism-may-do-well-avoid-soy-based-formula#comments Food Intolerances: Soy Hypothyroidism Infant Nutrition: Infant Formula Infant Formula Human Study Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:52:50 +0000 greenmedinfo 51733 at https://greenmedinfo.com Soy formula complicates management of congenital hypothyroidism. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/soy-formula-complicates-management-congenital-hypothyroidism PMID:  Arch Dis Child. 2004 Jan;89(1):37-40. PMID: 14709499 Abstract Title:  Soy formula complicates management of congenital hypothyroidism. Abstract:  AIMS: To test the hypothesis that feeding soy formula to infants with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) leads to prolonged increase of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). METHODS: The study was a review of 78 patients seen during their first year of life between 1990 and 1998. Data regarding clinical diagnosis, date of treatment initiation, TSH, levothyroxine dose, weight, length, and diet information from each visit were collected from the charts. RESULTS: There were eight patients in the soy diet group and 70 in the non-soy diet group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the starting dose of levothyroxine or the change in this dose over one year. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the following areas: time to TSH normalisation, first TSH on treatment, percentage with increased TSH at 4 months of age, percentage with increased TSH throughout the first year of life, and in the overall trend of TSH at each visit. CONCLUSIONS: Infants fed soy formula had prolonged increase of TSH when compared to infants fed non-soy formula. These infants need close monitoring of free thyroxine and TSH measurements, and they may need increased levothyroxine doses to achieve normal thyroid function tests. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/soy-formula-complicates-management-congenital-hypothyroidism#comments Food Intolerances: Soy Hypothyroidism Infant Nutrition: Infant Formula Infant Formula Human Study Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:51:42 +0000 greenmedinfo 51732 at https://greenmedinfo.com