Leukemia: Childhood https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/23231/all en A risk of acute lymphatic leukemia associated with vitamin K injections cannot be ruled out, however, its oral counterpart is likely as effective without the carcinogenic effect. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/risk-acute-lymphatic-leukemia-associated-vitamin-k-injections-cannot-be-ruled- PMID:  Drug Saf. 1999 Jul ;21(1):1-6. PMID: 10433349 Abstract Title:  Oral versus intramuscular phytomenadione: safety and efficacy compared. Abstract:  Oral and intramuscular phytomenadione (vitamin K1) prophylaxis became an issue following the report of a potential carcinogenic effect of intramuscular but not oral phytomenadione prophylaxis. There is increasing evidence, however, that oral phytomenadione prophylaxis is less effective for the prevention of late vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) than intramuscular prophylaxis. Following a report of an increased cancer risk after intramuscular phytomenadione, a series of papers on this issue appeared. Although an increased risk for solid tumours could almost certainly be excluded, a potential risk for acute lymphatic leukaemia in childhood could not be ruled out definitively. Almost all cases of late VKDB are preventable with intramuscular phytomenadione prophylaxis administered once at birth, whereas a single oral dose given at birth is much less effective. Repeated oral phytomenadione doses given to breast-fed infants either weekly (1 mg) or daily (25 microg) seem to be as effective as intramuscular phytomenadione prophylaxis. The efficacy of 3 oral 2mg doses with the new mixed micellar preparation (&#039;Konakion MM&#039;) remains to be established. Although a number of studies have failed to confirm a cancer risk with phytomenadione, these studies have been unable to rule out a risk definitely because absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. A meta-analysis of the available studies might provide 95% confidence intervals narrow enough to exclude even a small cancer risk with some certainty. Oral prophylaxis will probably be as safe as the intramuscular prophylaxis if given daily (25 microg) or weekly (1 mg). <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/risk-acute-lymphatic-leukemia-associated-vitamin-k-injections-cannot-be-ruled-" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/risk-acute-lymphatic-leukemia-associated-vitamin-k-injections-cannot-be-ruled-#comments Cancers Leukemia: Childhood Vitamin K Vitamin K injections Review Tue, 10 Dec 2019 21:57:09 +0000 greenmedinfo 204366 at https://greenmedinfo.com Infant formula is associated with increased risk for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). https://greenmedinfo.com/article/infant-formula-associated-increased-risk-acute-lymphocytic-leukemia-all-hodgki AIM: Prolonged breastfeeding was shown to reduce the risk of childhood acute leukemia. The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effect of longer breastfeeding on the risk of lymphoid malignancies in children and its dependent socio-economic factors. METHODS: The study group comprised of 169 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), Hodgkin&#039;s (HL) and non-Hodgkin&#039;s lymphoma (NHL), age =or&lt;15 years, and 169 healthy controls, matched to patients by age and sex. Mothers of all study subjects provided information via telephone about the history of breastfeeding and parameters seen as proxies for viral infection. RESULTS: The mean age+/-SD of cases was 5.44+/- 3.29 years and of control subjects 5.51+/-3.62 years. The male/female ratio was 1.73. Overall, the mean number of months of breastfeeding in the male patients and controls was 9.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.9-10.4) and 12.1 (95% CI 11.0-13.4), respectively (P&lt;0.001), and in the female patients and controls 8.4 (95% CI 6.9-10.1) and 11.5 (95% CI 10.0-13.0), respectively (P&lt;0.01). In 103 ALL patients, a shorter period of breastfeeding (0-6 months duration), was associated with increased odds ratio (OR) for males (OR=3.1, 95% CI 1.4-6.8) and females (OR=2.2, 95% CI 0.8-6.32) as compared to breastfeeding longer than 6 months. In 103 ALL patients, 32 HL and 34 NHL patients, there were no statistically significant differences in the duration of breastfeeding between the male and female patients and their respective controls. In multivariate analysis, statistically significant risk factors for the development of childhood lymphoid malignancy were: a shorter duration of breastfeeding, lower age and level of education of mother and higher income, larger size of accommodation and birth order in the family. CONCLUSION: The current study confirmed that a longer duration of breastfeeding has protective effect against ALL and HL. Additional factors found to be associated with an elevated risk of lymphoid malignancy were low age and low education of mother. All these factors can be related to an increased risk of early childhood infections. PMID:  Minerva Pediatr. 2008 Apr;60(2):155-61. PMID: 18449131 Abstract Title:  Does prolonged breastfeeding reduce the risk for childhood leukemia and lymphomas? Abstract:  AIM: Prolonged breastfeeding was shown to reduce the risk of childhood acute leukemia. The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effect of longer breastfeeding on the risk of lymphoid malignancies in children and its dependent socio-economic factors. METHODS: The study group comprised of 169 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), Hodgkin&#039;s (HL) and non-Hodgkin&#039;s lymphoma (NHL), age =or&lt;15 years, and 169 healthy controls, matched to patients by age and sex. Mothers of all study subjects provided information via telephone about the history of breastfeeding and parameters seen as proxies for viral infection. RESULTS: The mean age+/-SD of cases was 5.44+/- 3.29 years and of control subjects 5.51+/-3.62 years. The male/female ratio was 1.73. Overall, the mean number of months of breastfeeding in the male patients and controls was 9.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.9-10.4) and 12.1 (95% CI 11.0-13.4), respectively (P&lt;0.001), and in the female patients and controls 8.4 (95% CI 6.9-10.1) and 11.5 (95% CI 10.0-13.0), respectively (P&lt;0.01). In 103 ALL patients, a shorter period of breastfeeding (0-6 months duration), was associated with increased odds ratio (OR) for males (OR=3.1, 95% CI 1.4-6.8) and females (OR=2.2, 95% CI 0.8-6.32) as compared to breastfeeding longer than 6 months. In 103 ALL patients, 32 HL and 34 NHL patients, there were no statistically significant differences in the duration of breastfeeding between the male and female patients and their respective controls. In multivariate analysis, statistically significant risk factors for the development of childhood lymphoid malignancy were: a shorter duration of breastfeeding, lower age and level of education of mother and higher income, larger size of accommodation and birth order in the family. CONCLUSION: The current study confirmed that a longer duration of breastfeeding has protective effect against ALL and HL. Additional factors found to be associated with an elevated risk of lymphoid malignancy were low age and low education of mother. All these factors can be related to an increased risk of early childhood infections. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/infant-formula-associated-increased-risk-acute-lymphocytic-leukemia-all-hodgki" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/infant-formula-associated-increased-risk-acute-lymphocytic-leukemia-all-hodgki#comments Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) Cancers: Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma Infant Nutrition: Infant Formula Leukemia: Childhood Lymphomas: Childhood Infant Formula Human Study Fri, 19 Feb 2010 01:22:41 +0000 greenmedinfo 51748 at https://greenmedinfo.com Proximity to power lines is associated with an elevated risk of childhood leukemia. If the association is causal, an estimated 1% of childhood leukemia cases mat be attributable to these lines. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/proximity-power-lines-associated-elevated-risk-childhood-leukemia-if-associati PMID:  BMJ. 2005 Jun 4 ;330(7503):1290. PMID: 15933351 Abstract Title:  Childhood cancer in relation to distance from high voltage power lines in England and Wales: a case-control study. Abstract:  OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an association between distance of home address at birth from high voltage power lines and the incidence of leukaemia and other cancers in children in England and Wales.DESIGN: Case-control study.SETTING: Cancer registry and National Grid records.SUBJECTS: Records of 29 081 children with cancer, including 9700 with leukaemia. Children were aged 0-14 years and born in England and Wales, 1962-95. Controls were individually matched for sex, approximate date of birth, and birth registration district. No active participation was required.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Distance from home address at birth to the nearest high voltage overhead power line in existence at the time.RESULTS: Compared with those who lived&gt;600 m from a line at birth, children who lived within 200 m had a relative risk of leukaemia of 1.69 (95% confidence interval 1.13 to 2.53); those born between 200 and 600 m had a relative risk of 1.23 (1.02 to 1.49). There was a significant (P<p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/proximity-power-lines-associated-elevated-risk-childhood-leukemia-if-associati" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/proximity-power-lines-associated-elevated-risk-childhood-leukemia-if-associati#comments Leukemia: Childhood Carcinogenic (suspected) Electromagnetic Field Harms Electromagnetic Radiation Human Study Thu, 14 Nov 2019 23:33:55 +0000 greenmedinfo 201804 at https://greenmedinfo.com The result in this meta-analysis indicated that magnetic field exposure level may be associated with childhood leukemia. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/result-meta-analysis-indicated-magnetic-field-exposure-level-may-be-associated PMID:  Leuk Res. 2014 Mar ;38(3):269-74. Epub 2013 Dec 15. PMID: 24388073 Abstract Title:  Magnetic fields exposure and childhood leukemia risk: a meta-analysis based on 11,699 cases and 13,194 controls. Abstract:  OBJECTIVE: To observe the association between childhood leukemia and magnetic field exposure.METHODS: The literature was searched by PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science (SCI) and Medline databases during 1997-2013. Heterogeneity in several studies was weighted by I-squared value. Publication bias was tested by funnel plot and Egger&#039;s test. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were used to evaluate the association strength. The statistical analyses in present study were carried out by STATA software package (version 12.0, College Station, TX).RESULTS: A total of 11,699 cases and 13,194 controls in 9 studies were stratified by different exposure cut-off points. On condition of the reference<p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/result-meta-analysis-indicated-magnetic-field-exposure-level-may-be-associated" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/result-meta-analysis-indicated-magnetic-field-exposure-level-may-be-associated#comments Leukemia: Childhood Leukemias Electromagnetic Field Harms Electromagnetic Radiation Cellular Phones and Cancers Meta Analysis Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure Wed, 18 Sep 2019 19:50:39 +0000 greenmedinfo 196709 at https://greenmedinfo.com There is an apparent association between childhood lymphoblastic leukemia and and exposure to broadcast radiation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/there-apparent-association-between-childhood-lymphoblastic-leukemia-and-and-ex PMID:  Aust N Z J Public Health. 1998 ;22(3 Suppl):360-7. PMID: 9629823 Abstract Title:  Childhood incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and exposure to broadcast radiation in Sydney--a second look. Abstract:  INTRODUCTION: Recent findings of an apparent association between incidence of childhood leukaemia and radio frequency radiation (RFR) from television transmission antennas in Sydney, NSW, are examined.METHODS: Incidence of childhood (0-14 years) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) at the local government area (LGA) level is related to estimated exposure levels of RFR from television transmission antennas, using Poisson regression techniques.RESULTS: Most of the association between ALL incidence and television transmission RFR is shown to be the result of an influential observation: one of the highly exposed LGAs contributes all the excess, while in a similarly exposed LGA childhood ALL incidence was found to be no higher than the rate expected for NSW. With the influential observation excluded from the analysis, no positive correlation between exposure to RFR and leukaemia is evident. Conversely, under the assumption of an association with RFR, the low probability of the observed incident cases in LGAs under conditions of relatively high exposure to RFR conflicts with the assumption of an effect.CONCLUSION: The apparent association between childhood ALL incidence and RFR radiation from television towers is weaker when an LGA-level analysis is conducted. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/there-apparent-association-between-childhood-lymphoblastic-leukemia-and-and-ex" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/there-apparent-association-between-childhood-lymphoblastic-leukemia-and-and-ex#comments Leukemia: Childhood Carcinogenic (suspected) Cell Phone Exposure Electromagnetic Field Harms Electromagnetic Radiation Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure Human Study Fri, 27 Sep 2019 23:29:14 +0000 greenmedinfo 197422 at https://greenmedinfo.com This meta-analysis predicts that, If an association between electromagnetic fields and childhood leukemia exists, as many as 175-240 cases of childhood leukemia in the US may be due to magnetic field exposure. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/meta-analysis-predicts-if-association-between-electromagnetic-fields-and-child PMID:  Bioelectromagnetics. 2001 ;Suppl 5:S86-104. PMID: 11170120 Abstract Title:  Residential EMF exposure and childhood leukemia: meta-analysis and population attributable risk. Abstract:  The controversy over the possible association between magnetic field exposure and childhood leukemia has led several researchers to summarize the literature using meta-analysis. This paper reviews these previous meta-analyses and extends them by adding results from four studies published since the most recent analysis. The analyses include odds ratio calculations based on both dichotomous and continuous exposure models, heterogeneity analysis including subgroup summaries and meta-regression,&quot;leave one out&quot;influence analyses, and publication bias assessments. In addition, there is a review of some of the considerations of the exposure assessments used in the studies and their implications for cross-study comparisons. Finally, the results of the analyses using dichotomous and continuous exposure model are combined with national exposure data to estimate the population attributable risk of childhood leukemia among children in the US. If an association exists, as many as 175-240 cases of childhood leukemia in the US may be due to magnetic field exposure. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/meta-analysis-predicts-if-association-between-electromagnetic-fields-and-child" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/meta-analysis-predicts-if-association-between-electromagnetic-fields-and-child#comments Leukemia Leukemia: Childhood Electromagnetic Field Harms Electromagnetic Radiation Cellular Phones and Cancers Meta Analysis Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure Wed, 25 Sep 2019 11:24:04 +0000 greenmedinfo 197168 at https://greenmedinfo.com This pooled analysis found an increased risk of childhood leukemia associated with proximity to power lines. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/pooled-analysis-found-increased-risk-childhood-leukemia-associated-proximity-p PMID:  Br J Cancer. 2018 08 ;119(3):364-373. Epub 2018 May 29. PMID: 29808013 Abstract Title:  Proximity to overhead power lines and childhood leukaemia: an international pooled analysis. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Although studies have consistently found an association between childhood leukaemia risk and magnetic fields, the associations between childhood leukaemia and distance to overhead power lines have been inconsistent. We pooled data from multiple studies to assess the association with distance and evaluate whether it is due to magnetic fields or other factors associated with distance from lines.METHODS: We present a pooled analysis combining individual-level data (29,049 cases and 68,231 controls) from 11 record-based studies.RESULTS: There was no material association between childhood leukaemia and distance to nearest overhead power line of any voltage. Among children living<p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/pooled-analysis-found-increased-risk-childhood-leukemia-associated-proximity-p" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/pooled-analysis-found-increased-risk-childhood-leukemia-associated-proximity-p#comments Leukemia: Childhood Leukemias Electromagnetic Field Harms Electromagnetic Radiation Human Study Tue, 26 Nov 2019 18:48:15 +0000 greenmedinfo 202906 at https://greenmedinfo.com This review analyzes potential bias in studies assessing risk of childhood leukemia associated with electromagnetic fields. The authors find that most data suggest that, if a bias exists, it is a bias towards the lack of association. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-analyzes-potential-bias-studies-assessing-risk-childhood-leukemia-assoc PMID:  Bioelectromagnetics. 2001 ;Suppl 5:S32-47. PMID: 11170116 Abstract Title:  The potential impact of bias in studies of residential exposure to magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. Abstract:  Bias can have a major impact on the results of epidemiologic studies. In investigations of the possible association between residential exposure to magnetic fields and the occurrence of childhood leukemia, many have raised questions about selection bias, including participation bias and information bias. In this review, the data on these possible sources of bias are summarized and their likely impact is evaluated. Most data suggest that if a bias exists, it is a bias towards the lack of association between exposure to magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. In addition, given the wide variety of study populations and measurement protocols, it is unlikely that a single design flaw has resulted in consistent effects across all studies and can be the sole explanation for the reported associations. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-analyzes-potential-bias-studies-assessing-risk-childhood-leukemia-assoc" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-analyzes-potential-bias-studies-assessing-risk-childhood-leukemia-assoc#comments Leukemia Leukemia: Childhood Electromagnetic Field Harms Electromagnetic Radiation Cellular Phones and Cancers Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure Review Wed, 25 Sep 2019 11:26:18 +0000 greenmedinfo 197170 at https://greenmedinfo.com This review indicates that a causal relationship between electromagnetic fields and childhood leukemia cannot be dismissed due to a trend of a dose-response relationship is past exposure assessment studies. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-indicates-causal-relationship-between-electromagnetic-fields-and-childh PMID:  Am J Prev Med. 1995 Jul-Aug;11(4):263-70. PMID: 7495604 Abstract Title:  Do power frequency magnetic fields cause leukemia in children? Abstract:  The possibility of a causal relationship between exposure to electromagnetic fields and childhood leukemia has been studied for more than 10 years. This review evaluates the epidemiologic findings relevant to a possible causal association between exposure to power frequency magnetic fields during childhood and leukemia. The nine published studies on this topic were analyzed, with a focus on the selection of subjects, assessment of exposure, and control of confounding. Consistency of a positive association and dose-response relationship are evident for assessment of past exposure: among the five recent studies, relative risk estimates vary from 1.5 to 2.7 for past exposure assessment, and a significant dose-response relation was found in three studies. These observations cannot be explained by misclassification of exposure or consistent selection bias, and a confounder effect could hardly explain such results. Even if there is no currently understood biological plausibility for such an association, its possible causal nature cannot be dismissed. The impact on public health of such a possible causal association is difficult to assess precisely but could be significant. Therefore, it might be prudent to consider interim preventive measures while we await results of further research. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-indicates-causal-relationship-between-electromagnetic-fields-and-childh" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-indicates-causal-relationship-between-electromagnetic-fields-and-childh#comments Leukemia Leukemia: Childhood Radiation Induced Illness Carcinogenic (suspected) Electromagnetic Field Harms Electromagnetic Radiation Cellular Phones and Cancers Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure Review Wed, 25 Sep 2019 11:22:03 +0000 greenmedinfo 197166 at https://greenmedinfo.com