Fatty Liver https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/2485/all en Urolithin A exerts antiobesity effects through enhancing adipose tissue thermogenesis in mice. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/urolithin-exerts-antiobesity-effects-through-enhancing-adipose-tissue-thermoge PMID:  PLoS Biol. 2020 03 ;18(3):e3000688. Epub 2020 Mar 27. PMID: 32218572 Abstract Title:  Urolithin A exerts antiobesity effects through enhancing adipose tissue thermogenesis in mice. Abstract:  Obesity leads to multiple health problems, including diabetes, fatty liver, and even cancer. Here, we report that urolithin A (UA), a gut-microflora-derived metabolite of pomegranate ellagitannins (ETs), prevents diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunctions in mice without causing adverse effects. UA treatment increases energy expenditure (EE) by enhancing thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inducing browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Mechanistically, UA-mediated increased thermogenesis is caused by an elevation of triiodothyronine (T3) levels in BAT and inguinal fat depots. This is also confirmed in UA-treated white and brown adipocytes. Consistent with this mechanism, UA loses its beneficial effects on activation of BAT, browning of white fat, body weight control, and glucose homeostasis when thyroid hormone (TH) production is blocked by its inhibitor, propylthiouracil (PTU). Conversely, administration of exogenous tetraiodothyronine (T4) to PTU-treated mice restores UA-induced activation of BAT and browning of white fat and its preventive role on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain. Together, these results suggest that UA is a potent antiobesity agent with potential for human clinical applications. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/urolithin-exerts-antiobesity-effects-through-enhancing-adipose-tissue-thermoge" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/urolithin-exerts-antiobesity-effects-through-enhancing-adipose-tissue-thermoge#comments Fatty Liver Insulin Resistance Obesity Urolithin A Anti-Obesity Agents Animal Study Mon, 24 Aug 2020 20:49:23 +0000 greenmedinfo 225778 at https://greenmedinfo.com "A glycyrrhizin-containing preparation reduces hepatic steatosis induced by hepatitis C virus protein and iron in mice." https://greenmedinfo.com/article/glycyrrhizin-containing-preparation-reduces-hepatic-steatosis-induced-hepatiti PMID:  Liver Int. 2011 Apr ;31(4):552-60. Epub 2011 Feb 15. PMID: 21382166 Abstract Title:  A glycyrrhizin-containing preparation reduces hepatic steatosis induced by hepatitis C virus protein and iron in mice. Abstract:  BACKGROUND/AIM: A European randomized trial showed biochemical effects of 6-month treatment with Stronger Neo-Minophagen C (SNMC), a glycyrrhizin-containing preparation, in patients with chronic hepatitis C, but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We reported previously that SNMC exhibits an anti-oxidative effect in hepatitis C virus (HCV) transgenic mice that develop marked hepatic steatosis with mitochondrial injury under iron overloading. Hepatic steatosis and iron overload are oxidative stress-associated pathophysiological features in chronic hepatitis C. The aim of this study was to investigate whether long-term treatment with SNMC could prevent the development of hepatic steatosis in iron-overloaded HCV transgenic mice.METHODS: C57BL/6 transgenic mice expressing the HCV polyprotein were fed an excess iron diet concomitantly with intraperitoneal injection of saline, SNMC, or seven-fold-concentrated SNMC thrice weekly for 6 months.RESULTS: Stronger Neo-Minophagen C inhibited the development of hepatic steatosis in a dose-dependent manner without affecting hepatic iron content, attenuated ultrastructural alterations of mitochondria of the liver, activated mitochondrialβ-oxidation with increased expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase I and decreased the production of reactive oxygen species in the liver in iron-overloaded transgenic mice. However, SNMC hardly affected the unfolded protein response, which post-transcriptionally activates sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, a transcription factor involved in lipid synthesis, even though we reported previously the activation of the unfolded protein response in the same iron-overloaded transgenic mice.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that SNMC prevents hepatic steatosis possibly by protecting mitochondria against oxidative stress induced by HCV proteins and iron overload. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/glycyrrhizin-containing-preparation-reduces-hepatic-steatosis-induced-hepatiti#comments Fatty Liver Glycyrrhizin Hepatitis C Iron Poisoning Oxidative Stress Anti-Inflammatory Agents Animal Study Sun, 25 Mar 2012 03:12:46 +0000 greenmedinfo 73618 at https://greenmedinfo.com "Dietary lycopene and tomato extract supplementations inhibit nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis in rats." https://greenmedinfo.com/article/dietary-lycopene-and-tomato-extract-supplementations-inhibit-nonalcoholic-stea PMID:  Int J Cancer. 2010 Apr 15 ;126(8):1788-96. PMID: 19551842 Abstract Title:  Dietary lycopene and tomato extract supplementations inhibit nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Abstract:  Epidemiological and experimental studies provide supportive evidence that lycopene (LY), a major carotenoid from tomatoes and tomato products, may act as a chemopreventive agent against certain types of cancers. We recently showed that high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) promoted diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis in a rat model. Using this model, we investigated the efficacy of an equivalent dosage of dietary LY from either a pure compound or a tomato extract (TE) against NASH-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis. Six groups of rats were injected with DEN and then fed either Lieber-DeCarli control diet or HFD with or without LY or TE for 6 weeks. Results showed that both LY and TE supplementations significantly decreased the number of altered hepatic foci expressing the placental form of glutathione S-transferase in the livers of HFD-fed rats. This was associated with significantly lower proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive hepatocytes and cyclinD1 protein, as well as decreased activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and nuclear NF-kappaB. Although both LY and TE supplementations reduced HFD-induced lipid peroxidation in the livers, we observed significantly decreased cytochrome P450 2E1, inflammatory foci and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-12) in the HFD+TE fed group but increased nuclear NF-E2-related factor-2 and heme oxygenase-1 proteins in the HFD+LY fed group, relative to HFD feeding alone. These data indicate that LY and TE can inhibit NASH-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis mainly as a result of reduced oxidative stress, which could be fulfilled through different mechanisms. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/dietary-lycopene-and-tomato-extract-supplementations-inhibit-nonalcoholic-stea#comments Carotenoids Fatty Liver Lipid Peroxidation Lycopene Oxidative Stress Tomato Plant Extracts Animal Study Sat, 31 Dec 2011 20:45:08 +0000 greenmedinfo 70446 at https://greenmedinfo.com 20(S)-Protopanaxatriol ameliorates MAFLD by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/20s-protopanaxatriol-ameliorates-mafld-inhibiting-nlrp3-inflammasome PMID:  Eur J Pharmacol. 2023 Feb 5 ;940:175468. Epub 2022 Dec 22. PMID: 36566009 Abstract Title:  20(S)-Protopanaxatriol ameliorates MAFLD by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Abstract:  Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases and may develop into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma, which has threatened human health. Although NLRP3 inflammasome is widely recognized in the pathogenesis of MAFLD, there are currently no drugs targeting NLRP3 inflammasome approved by regulatory agencies. Panax ginseng and its main saponin components have been used to regulate inflammatory and metabolic disorders. Notably, 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT) is an active metabolite of protopanaxatriol saponins with prominent anti-inflammatory activity. However, the mechanism by which PPT ameliorates MAFLD has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study explored the efficacy and mechanism of PPT in treating MAFLD based on the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. First, we screened potential NLRP3 inflammasome blockers from protopanaxadiol saponins in mouse primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) stimulated by LPS and different inflammasome inducers. Second, LPS-primed mouse BMDMs, mouse primary hepatocytes, mouse primary Kupffer cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated by cholesterol and ATP were used to evaluate the effect of PPT in inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Finally, MCD-induced mouse MAFLD were established to verify the therapeutic effect of PPT by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Our results showed that PPT of ginseng saponins significantly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in multiple primary cells, suppressed systemic inflammation, restored liver function, and attenuated liver inflammation as well as fibrosis in MCD--induced mouse MAFLD. Collectively, protopanaxatriol saponins metabolite PPT, may serve as a potent therapeutic agent for MAFLD by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/20s-protopanaxatriol-ameliorates-mafld-inhibiting-nlrp3-inflammasome" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/20s-protopanaxatriol-ameliorates-mafld-inhibiting-nlrp3-inflammasome#comments Fatty Liver Ginsenosides Inflammation Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Toxicity Anti-Fibrotic Anti-Inflammatory Agents Hepatoprotective In Vitro Study Sat, 04 Feb 2023 23:25:34 +0000 greenmedinfo 270563 at https://greenmedinfo.com A 12-week aerobic exercise program reduces hepatic fat accumulation and insulin resistance in obese, Hispanic adolescents. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/12-week-aerobic-exercise-program-reduces-hepatic-fat-accumulation-and-insulin- PMID:  Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Feb ;18(2):384-90. Epub 2009 Aug 20. PMID: 19696755 Abstract Title:  A 12-week aerobic exercise program reduces hepatic fat accumulation and insulin resistance in obese, Hispanic adolescents. Abstract:  The rise in obesity-related morbidity in children and adolescents requires urgent prevention and treatment strategies. Currently, only limited data are available on the effects of exercise programs on insulin resistance, and visceral, hepatic, and intramyocellular fat accumulation. We hypothesized that a 12-week controlled aerobic exercise program without weight loss reduces visceral, hepatic, and intramyocellular fat content and decreases insulin resistance in sedentary Hispanic adolescents. Twenty-nine postpubertal (Tanner stage IV and V), Hispanic adolescents, 15 obese (7 boys, 8 girls; 15.6 +/- 0.4 years; 33.7 +/- 1.1 kg/m(2); 38.3 +/- 1.5% body fat) and 14 lean (10 boys, 4 girls; 15.1 +/- 0.3 years; 20.6 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2); 18.9 +/- 1.5% body fat), completed a 12-week aerobic exercise program (4 x 30 min/week at&gt;or =70% of peak oxygen consumption (VO(2)peak)). Measurements of cardiovascular fitness, visceral, hepatic, and intramyocellular fat content (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)), and insulin resistance were obtained at baseline and postexercise. In both groups, fitness increased (obese: 13 +/- 2%, lean: 16 +/- 4%; both P https://greenmedinfo.com/article/12-week-aerobic-exercise-program-reduces-hepatic-fat-accumulation-and-insulin-#comments Fatty Liver Insulin Resistance Obesity Exercise: Aerobic Insulin Sensitizers Human Study Thu, 27 Jun 2013 16:12:02 +0000 greenmedinfo 102432 at https://greenmedinfo.com A combination of Red Sage (Salviae Miltiorrhiza), Panax notoginseny and Dyroblanops aromatica may prevent alcoholic fatty liver disease. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/combination-red-sage-salviae-miltiorrhiza-panax-notoginseny-and-dyroblanops-ar PMID:  Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi. 2009 Dec;44(6):636-48. PMID: 20077758 Abstract Title:  Effect of a herbal medicine on fatty liver in rats fed ethanol chronically. Abstract:  AIM: The objective of this study was to determine whether Cardiotopic Pills (CP) affects fatty liver in rats fed ethanol chronically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats were treated with liquid diet that contained ethanol (36% of total calories) or an isocaloric carbohydrate instead of ethanol for 6 weeks. CP, an oral herbal medicine including Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhiza), Panax notoginseny and Dyroblanops aromatica gaertn, have been clinically used for vascular diseases such as coronary diseases and cerebral infarction. CP was administered orally with the liquid diets for 2 weeks 0.4 mg/kg body weight/day with the liquid diet thereafter. Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, total protein, albumin, and AST and ALT activities are measured. Histological examination was also carried out. In another set of experiments, autofluorescence of NAD(P)H, an indicator of mitochondrial O2 consumption and redox status, was measured by an intravital microscopy, and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-(PPAR)-alpha and gamma mRNA levels were evaluated by real time quantitative PCR methods. RESULTS: Chronic ethanol consumption elevated serum triglyceride level, and caused fatty degeneration of liver. After administration of CP, fatty degeneration was not observed in rats fed ethanol chronically. Elevation of serum triglyceride level was not noted after treatment with CP (Ethanol: 79.4 +/- 9.3 mg/dl, Ethanol+CP: 48.0 +/- 4.4, respectively, p https://greenmedinfo.com/article/combination-red-sage-salviae-miltiorrhiza-panax-notoginseny-and-dyroblanops-ar#comments Alcoholic Liver Disease Dryobalanops aromatica Fatty Liver Panax Notoginseng Red Sage Animal Study Wed, 27 Jan 2010 15:43:36 +0000 greenmedinfo 50242 at https://greenmedinfo.com A dietary intervention consisting of a Mediterranean diet could delay or slow down the natural progression of NAFL. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/dietary-intervention-consisting-mediterranean-diet-could-delay-or-slow-down-na PMID:  Med Clin (Barc). 2017 Jan 23. Epub 2017 Jan 23. PMID: 28126231 Abstract Title:  Changes in fatty liver index after consuming a Mediterranean diet: 6-year follow-up of the PREDIMED-Malaga trial. Abstract:  OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of an intervention with a Mediterranean diet supplemented with either extra virgin olive oil or nuts, on the fatty liver index (FLI), compared to a low-fat control diet.METHODS: Participants of the PREDIMED-Malaga trial, free from cardiovascular disease at baseline, but with a high risk to develop it, were included in this study. Anthropometric measurements were assessed and blood samples were taken to calculate participants&#039; FLI at study baseline and after one, 3, 5 and 6 years. Mixed linear models were used to explore the fixed effects of the 3 intervention groups on the FLI as well as their interaction with time.RESULTS: A total of 276 participants were included in the study. Average participant age was 67 years, with 66% of participants being women. The baseline prevalence of NAFL was 57%. The change in the FLI of the control group increased significantly over time (1.13±0.41; P=.006). In the MedDiet+EVOO group, the time trend of the change in the FLI was similar to that of the control group, although it was seen to be lower (-3.90±1.9; P=.038). In the MedDiet+Nuts group, the trend was significantly lower than that of the control group (-1.63±0.62; P=.009). In the MedDiet+Nuts group, the trend of changes in participants&#039; BMI was 0.100 points lower per year compared to the control group (P=.004). In the control group, the change in waist circumference increased significantly over time (0.61±0.16cm/year; P<p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/dietary-intervention-consisting-mediterranean-diet-could-delay-or-slow-down-na" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/dietary-intervention-consisting-mediterranean-diet-could-delay-or-slow-down-na#comments Fatty Liver Dietary Modification: Mediterranean Diet Risk Reduction Human Study Thu, 02 Feb 2017 00:44:37 +0000 greenmedinfo 142902 at https://greenmedinfo.com A high fructose diet may contribute to the development of fatty liver, gluconeogenesis up-regulation and inflammation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/high-fructose-diet-may-contribute-development-fatty-liver-gluconeogenesis-regu PMID:  Endocrinology. 2010 May;151(5):2040-9. Epub 2010 Mar 8. PMID: 20211973 Abstract Title:  Spironolactone improves glucose and lipid metabolism by ameliorating hepatic steatosis and inflammation and suppressing enhanced gluconeogenesis induced by high-fat and high-fructose diet. Abstract:  Recent evidence suggests that treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist suppressed local inflammation in vascular tissues or cardiomyocytes; therefore, we examined the effect of spironolactone on glucose and lipid metabolism in a mouse model with diet-induced diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. C57BL/6 mice were fed either the control diet, 60% fat diet with 30% fructose water (HFFD), or HFFD with spironolactone for 8 wk. HFFD mice demonstrated apparent phenotypes of metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver. Although treatment with spironolactone did not affect the increased calorie intake and body weight by HFFD, the increments of epididymal fat weight, blood pressure, serum triglyceride, free fatty acids, leptin, and total cholesterol levels were significantly suppressed. Elevation of blood glucose during glucose and insulin tolerance tests in HFFD mice was significantly lowered by spironolactone. Notably, increased glucose levels during pyruvate tolerance test in HFFD mice were almost completely ameliorated to control levels by the treatment. Staining with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Oil-red-O demonstrated marked accumulation of triglycerides in the centrilobular part of the hepatic lobule in HFFD mice, and these accumulations were effectively improved by spironolactone. Concomitantly HFFD feeding markedly up-regulated hepatic mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFalpha, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), gluconeogenic gene phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, transcription factor carbohydrate response element binding protein, and its downstream lipogenic enzymes, all of which were significantly suppressed by spironolactone. These results indicate that inhibition of mineralocorticoid receptor might be a beneficial therapeutic approach for diet-induced phenotypes of metabolic syndrome and fatty liver. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/high-fructose-diet-may-contribute-development-fatty-liver-gluconeogenesis-regu#comments Fatty Liver Fructose-Induced Toxicity Hyperglycemia Inflammation Liver Stress: Fructose-Induced Triglycerides: Elevated Dyslipidemic Gluconeogenesis Up-Regulation Inflammatory Insulin Lipogenesis Up-Regulation Animal Study Mon, 04 Jul 2011 17:26:49 +0000 greenmedinfo 65144 at https://greenmedinfo.com A high-fructose diet induces liver fibrosis in mice. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/high-fructose-diet-induces-liver-fibrosis-mice PMID:  Hepatology. 2010 Sep;52(3):934-44. PMID: 20607689 Abstract Title:  High-fructose, medium chain trans fat diet induces liver fibrosis and elevates plasma coenzyme Q9 in a novel murine model of obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Abstract:  Diets high in saturated fat and fructose have been implicated in the development of obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in humans. We hypothesized that mice exposed to a similar diet would develop NASH with fibrosis associated with increased hepatic oxidative stress that would be further reflected by increased plasma levels of the respiratory chain component, oxidized coenzyme Q9 ((ox)CoQ9). Adult male C57Bl/6 mice were randomly assigned to chow, high-fat (HF), or high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diets for 16 weeks. The chow and HF mice had free access to pure water, whereas the HFHC group received water with 55% fructose and 45% sucrose (wt/vol). The HFHC and HF groups had increased body weight, body fat mass, fasting glucose, and were insulin-resistant compared with chow mice. HF and HFHC consumed similar calories. Hepatic triglyceride content, plasma alanine aminotransferase, and liver weight were significantly increased in HF and HFHC mice compared with chow mice. Plasma cholesterol (P https://greenmedinfo.com/article/high-fructose-diet-induces-liver-fibrosis-mice#comments Fatty Liver Insulin Resistance Liver Fibrosis Obesity Fructose Hepatotoxic Profibrotic Animal Study Mon, 04 Jul 2011 14:50:45 +0000 greenmedinfo 65122 at https://greenmedinfo.com A krill oil supplemented diet suppresses hepatic steatosis in high-fat fed rats. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/krill-oil-supplemented-diet-suppresses-hepatic-steatosis-high-fat-fed-rats PMID:  PLoS One. 2012 ;7(6):e38797. Epub 2012 Jun 7. PMID: 22685607 Abstract Title:  A krill oil supplemented diet suppresses hepatic steatosis in high-fat fed rats. Abstract:  Krill oil (KO) is a dietary source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly represented by eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid bound to phospholipids. The supplementation of a high-fat diet with 2.5% KO efficiently prevented triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation in liver of treated rats. This effect was accompanied by a parallel reduction of the plasma levels of triglycerides and glucose and by the prevention of a plasma insulin increase. The investigation of the molecular mechanisms of KO action in high-fat fed animals revealed a strong decrease in the activities of the mitochondrial citrate carrier and of the cytosolic acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase, which are both involved in hepatic de novo lipogenesis. In these animals a significant increase in the activity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase I and in the levels of carnitine was also observed, suggesting a concomitant stimulation of hepatic fatty acid oxidation. The KO supplemented animals also retained an efficient mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, most probably as a consequence of a KO-induced arrest of the uncoupling effects of a high-fat diet. Lastly, the KO supplementation prevented an increase in body weight, as well as oxidative damage of lipids and proteins, which is often found in high-fat fed animals. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/krill-oil-supplemented-diet-suppresses-hepatic-steatosis-high-fat-fed-rats#comments Fatty Liver Insulin: Elevated Krill Triglycerides: Elevated Hepatoprotective Animal Study Tue, 12 Jun 2012 11:18:40 +0000 greenmedinfo 77153 at https://greenmedinfo.com A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet improves fatty liver disease. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/low-carbohydrate-ketogenic-diet-improves-fatty-liver-disease PMID:  Dig Dis Sci. 2007 Feb;52(2):589-93. Epub 2007 Jan 12. PMID: 17219068 Abstract Title:  The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot study. Abstract:  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is an increasingly common condition that may progress to hepatic cirrhosis. This pilot study evaluated the effects of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet on obesity-associated fatty liver disease. Five patients with a mean body mass index of 36.4 kg/m(2) and biopsy evidence of fatty liver disease were instructed to follow the diet (&lt;20 g/d of carbohydrate) with nutritional supplementation for 6 months. Patients returned for group meetings biweekly for 3 months, then monthly for the second 3 months. The mean weight change was -12.8 kg (range 0 to -25.9 kg). Four of 5 posttreatment liver biopsies showed histologic improvements in steatosis (P=.02) inflammatory grade (P=.02), and fibrosis (P=.07). Six months of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet led to significant weight loss and histologic improvement of fatty liver disease. Further research is into this approach is warranted. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/low-carbohydrate-ketogenic-diet-improves-fatty-liver-disease#comments Fatty Liver Hepatic Steatosis Liver: Fatty Dietary Modification: Low Carbohydrate/Ketogenic Human Study Sun, 07 Jun 2009 17:25:07 +0000 greenmedinfo 44728 at https://greenmedinfo.com A nutraceutical formula containing berberine, chlorogenic acid, and tocotrienols was found to improve a large number of metabolic and liver parameters in overweight subjects. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/nutraceutical-formula-containing-berberine-chlorogenic-acid-and-tocotrienols-w PMID:  Nutr J. 2015 Mar 28 ;14:30. Epub 2015 Mar 28. PMID: 25886384 Abstract Title:  Short-term effects of a combined nutraceutical of insulin-sensitivity, lipid level and indexes of liver steatosis: a double-blind, randomized, cross-over clinical trial. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Overweight subjects easily develop alterations of the glucose and lipid metabolism and are exposed to an increased cardiometabolic risk. This condition is potentially reversible through the improvement of dietary and behavioural habits. However, a well-assembled nutraceutical would be a useful tool to better improve the metabolic parameters associated to overweight and insulin resistance.METHODS: To evaluate the effect of a combined nutraceutical containing berberine, chlorogenic acid and tocotrienols, we performed a double blind, cross-over designed trial versus placebo, in 40 overweight subjects with mixed hyperlipidaemia. After the first 8 weeks of treatment (or placebo), patients were asked to observe a 2-week washout period, and they were then assigned to the alternative treatment for a further period of 8 weeks. Clinical and laboratory data associated to hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance have been obtained at the baseline, at the end of the first treatment period, after the washout, and again after the second treatment period.RESULTS: Both groups experienced a significant improvement of anthropometric and biochemical parameters versus baseline. However, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, non-HDL cholesterol, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, GOT and Lipid Accumulation Product decreased more significantly in the nutraceutical group versus placebo.CONCLUSIONS: This combination seems to improve a large number of metabolic and liver parameters on the short-term in overweight subjects. Further studies are needed to confirm these observations on the middle- and long-term. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/nutraceutical-formula-containing-berberine-chlorogenic-acid-and-tocotrienols-w" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/nutraceutical-formula-containing-berberine-chlorogenic-acid-and-tocotrienols-w#comments Berberine Chlorogenic Acid Fatty Liver Hyperlipidemia Insulin Resistance Tocotrienols Insulin Human Study Sat, 18 Apr 2020 01:26:54 +0000 greenmedinfo 218784 at https://greenmedinfo.com A polyphenol extract from red grapes redues fat content in an animal model of non-alcoholic liver disease. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/polyphenol-extract-red-grapes-redues-fat-content-animal-model-non-alcoholic-li PMID:  Br J Nutr. 2010 Dec;104(12):1760-70. Epub 2010 Aug 2. PMID: 20673376 Abstract Title:  A polyphenol extract modifies quantity but not quality of liver fatty acid content in high-fat-high-sucrose diet-fed rats: possible implication of the sirtuin pathway. Abstract:  High-fat or high-fat-high-sucrose diets are known to induce non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and this is emerging as one of the most common liver diseases worldwide. Some polyphenols have been reported to decrease rat hepatic lipid accumulation, in particular those extracted from red grapes such as resveratrol. The present study was designed to determine whether a polyphenol extract (PPE), from red grapes, modulates liver fatty acid composition and desaturase activity indexes in rats fed a high-fat-high-sucrose (HFHS) diet, and to explore whether sirtuin-1 deacetylase activation was implicated in the effect of the PPE against liver steatosis. The effect of this PPE on mitochondriogenesis and mitochondrial activity was also explored. The PPE decreased liver TAG content in HFHS+PPE diet-fed rats in comparison with HFHS diet-fed rats. The PPE had no effect on liver fatty acid composition, desaturase activity indexes and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) gene expression. Sirtuin-1 deacetylase protein expression was significantly increased with the PPE; AMP kinase protein expression was higher with the PPE in comparison with the HFHS rats, but no modification of phosphorylated AMP kinase was observed. Protein expression of phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase was decreased in HFHS rats and returned to basal values with the PPE. Finally, the PPE modulated PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) but did not modify mitochondriogenesis and mitochondrial activity. In conclusion, the PPE partially prevented the accumulation of TAG in the liver by regulating acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation, a key enzyme in lipid metabolism, probably via sirtuin-1 deacetylase activation. However, the PPE had no effect on the qualitative composition of liver fatty acids. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/polyphenol-extract-red-grapes-redues-fat-content-animal-model-non-alcoholic-li#comments Fatty Liver Flavonoids Grape Polyphenols Resveratrol Hepatoprotective Plant Extracts Animal Study Fri, 11 Mar 2011 16:13:38 +0000 greenmedinfo 62572 at https://greenmedinfo.com A small H2O-soluble ingredient of royal jelly lower cholesterol levels in liver cells by suppressing squalene epoxidase. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/small-h2o-soluble-ingredient-royal-jelly-lower-cholesterol-levels-liver-cells- PMID:  Heliyon. 2022 Dec ;8(12):e12286. Epub 2022 Dec 13. PMID: 36582688 Abstract Title:  A small HO-soluble ingredient of royal jelly lower cholesterol levels in liver cells by suppressing squalene epoxidase. Abstract:  Excessive cholesterol in the liver is harmful for our health and may cause many diseases, such as fatty liver disease. Many studies in human and animal models have reported that royal jelly (RJ) can be used to treat atherosclerosis. However, the real mechanisms behind this action is unclear. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of RJ on gene expression of squalene epoxidase (SE) a major enzyme involved in cholesterol biosynthesis in HepG2 cells. We found that the expression of SE was decreased in response to RJ treatment. We also found that the origin of the RJ affected its strength. To find out the active fraction of RJ in cholesterol suppression, we separated RJ into two parts based on the molecular weights using ultrafiltration membrane. We found that the fraction<p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/small-h2o-soluble-ingredient-royal-jelly-lower-cholesterol-levels-liver-cells-" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/small-h2o-soluble-ingredient-royal-jelly-lower-cholesterol-levels-liver-cells-#comments Fatty Liver Royal Jelly Anticholesteremic Agents Hepatoprotective Animal Study Sun, 05 Feb 2023 03:37:18 +0000 greenmedinfo 270598 at https://greenmedinfo.com A water-soluble extract of Curcubita moschata (butternut squash) shows anti-obesity effects through controlling lipid metabolism. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/water-soluble-extract-curcubita-moschata-butternut-squash-shows-anti-obesity-e PMID:  Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 1995 Feb;110(2):177-87. PMID: 17548058 Abstract Title:  A water-soluble extract from Cucurbita moschata shows anti-obesity effects by controlling lipid metabolism in a high fat diet-induced obesity mouse model. Abstract:  During the screening of a variety of plant sources for their anti-obesity activity, it was found that a water-soluble extract, named PG105, prepared from stem parts of Cucurbita moschata, contains potent anti-obesity activities in a high fat diet-induced obesity mouse model. In this animal model, increases in body weight and fat storage were suppressed by 8-week oral administration of PG105 at 500 mg/kg, while the overall amount of food intake was not affected. Furthermore, PG105 protected the development of fatty liver and increased the hepatic beta-oxidation activity. Results from blood analysis showed that the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol were significantly lowered by PG105 administration, and also that the level of leptin was reduced, while that of adiponectin was increased. To understand the underlying mechanism at the molecular level, the effects of PG105 were examined on the expression of the genes involved in lipid metabolism by Northern blot analysis. In the liver of PG105-treated mice, the mRNA level of lipogenic genes such as SREBP-1c and SCD-1 was decreased, while that of lipolytic genes such as PPARalpha, ACO-1, CPT-1, and UCP-2 was modestly increased. Our data suggest that PG105 may have great potential as a novel anti-obesity agent in that both inhibition of lipid synthesis and acceleration of fatty acid breakdown are induced by this reagent. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/water-soluble-extract-curcubita-moschata-butternut-squash-shows-anti-obesity-e#comments Fatty Liver Obesity Squash: Butternut Lipotropic Agents Lipolytic Genes Animal Study Wed, 15 Jul 2009 11:14:27 +0000 greenmedinfo 45518 at https://greenmedinfo.com