Febrile Seizures https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/27293/all en A personal or family (such as a sibling or parent) history of seizures is now a precaution for MMRV vaccination. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/personal-or-family-such-sibling-or-parent-history-seizures-now-precaution-mmrv PMID:  Pediatrics. 2011 Sep ;128(3):630-2. Epub 2011 Aug 28. PMID: 21873692 Abstract Title:  Policy statement—Prevention of varicella: update of recommendations for use of quadrivalent and monovalent varicella vaccines in children. Abstract:  Two varicella-containing vaccines are licensed for use in the United States: monovalent varicella vaccine (Varivax [Merck&amp;Co, Inc, West Point, PA]) and quadrivalent measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine (MMRV) (ProQuad [Merck&amp;Co, Inc]). It is estimated from postlicensure data that after vaccination at 12 through 23 months of age, 7 to 9 febrile seizures occur per 10,000 children who receive the MMRV, and 3 to 4 febrile seizures occur per 10,000 children who receive the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and varicella vaccines administered concurrently but at separate sites. Thus, 1 additional febrile seizure is expected to occur per approximately 2300 to 2600 children 12 to 23 months old vaccinated with the MMRV, when compared with separate MMR and varicella vaccine administration. The period of risk for febrile seizures is from 5 through 12 days after receipt of the vaccine(s). No increased risk of febrile seizures is seen among patients 4 to 6 years of age receiving MMRV. Febrile seizures do not predispose to epilepsy or neurodevelopmental delays later in life and are not associated with long-term health impairment. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that either MMR and varicella vaccines separately or the MMRV be used for the first dose of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccines administered at 12 through 47 months of age. For the first dose of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccines administered at ages 48 months and older, and for dose 2 at any age (15 months to 12 years), use of MMRV generally is preferred over separate injections of MMR and varicella vaccines. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/personal-or-family-such-sibling-or-parent-history-seizures-now-precaution-mmrv" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/personal-or-family-such-sibling-or-parent-history-seizures-now-precaution-mmrv#comments Febrile Seizures Vaccination: All Vaccination: Mumps-Measles-Rubella (MMR) Vaccination: Varicella (Chicken pox) Commentary Tue, 28 Jan 2020 12:44:46 +0000 greenmedinfo 209570 at https://greenmedinfo.com Adrenocorticotrophic hormone treatment in infants with infantial spasm may result in increased mortality. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/adrenocorticotrophic-hormone-treatment-infants-infantial-spasm-may-result-incr PMID:  Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1993 Nov;12(11):913-6. PMID: 8265280 Abstract Title:  Risk of infection during adrenocorticotropic hormone treatment in infants with infantile spasms. Abstract:  We reviewed the clinical features and laboratory findings of 27 infants with infantile spasms treated with adrenocorticotropic hormone or prednisone during febrile episodes in order to evaluate the incidence of bacteremia, the risk of serious infection, determination of whether serious infections can be identified at presentation and the outcome of febrile episodes. There were 75 febrile episodes including 4 episodes of identified bacteremia (5.3%). Three children who were treated with adrenocorticotropic hormone dosage larger than recommended died. Leukocytosis and a differential count with many immature granulocytes predicted bacteremia in this population. Chest radiography was useful in identifying the cause of fever. The pathogens isolated were similar to those found in this age range. We conclude that the frequency of bacteremia in our patient population is similar to that observed in infants of the same age; however, the outcome is frequently fatal. In addition this increased mortality may be associated with the use of a larger dosage of adrenocorticotropic hormone than recommended. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/adrenocorticotrophic-hormone-treatment-infants-infantial-spasm-may-result-incr#comments Bacteremia Childhood Infections Febrile Seizures Infantile Spasms Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Drug Iatrogenic Disease Human Study Sat, 27 Feb 2010 17:39:01 +0000 greenmedinfo 52806 at https://greenmedinfo.com Among 12- to 23-month-olds who received their first dose of measles-containing vaccine, fever and seizure were elevated 7 to 10 days after vaccination. Vaccination with MMRV results in 1 additional febrile seizure for every 2300 doses. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/among-12-23-month-olds-who-received-their-first-dose-measles-containing-vaccin PMID:  Pediatrics. 2010 Jul ;126(1):e1-8. Epub 2010 Jun 29. PMID: 20587679 Abstract Title:  Measles-mumps-rubella-varicella combination vaccine and the risk of febrile seizures. Abstract:  OBJECTIVE: In February 2008, we alerted the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices to preliminary evidence of a twofold increased risk of febrile seizures after the combination measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccine when compared with separate measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and varicella vaccines. Now with data on twice as many vaccine recipients, our goal was to reexamine seizure risk after MMRV vaccine.METHODS: Using 2000-2008 Vaccine Safety Datalink data, we assessed seizures and fever visits among children aged 12 to 23 months after MMRV and separate MMR + varicella vaccines. We compared seizure risk after MMRV vaccine to that after MMR + varicella vaccines by using Poisson regression as well as with supplementary regressions that incorporated chart-review results and self-controlled analyses.RESULTS: MMRV vaccine recipients (83,107) were compared with recipients of MMR + varicella vaccines (376,354). Seizure and fever significantly clustered 7 to 10 days after vaccination with all measles-containing vaccines but not after varicella vaccination alone. Seizure risk during days 7 to 10 was higher after MMRV than after MMR + varicella vaccination (relative risk: 1.98 [95% confidence interval: 1.43-2.73]). Supplementary analyses yielded similar results. The excess risk for febrile seizures 7 to 10 days after MMRV compared with separate MMR + varicella vaccination was 4.3 per 10,000 doses (95% confidence interval: 2.6-5.6).CONCLUSIONS: Among 12- to 23-month-olds who received their first dose of measles-containing vaccine, fever and seizure were elevated 7 to 10 days after vaccination. Vaccination with MMRV results in 1 additional febrile seizure for every 2300 doses given instead of separate MMR + varicella vaccines. Providers who recommend MMRV should communicate to parents that it increases the risk of fever and seizure over that already associated with measles-containing vaccines. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/among-12-23-month-olds-who-received-their-first-dose-measles-containing-vaccin" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/among-12-23-month-olds-who-received-their-first-dose-measles-containing-vaccin#comments Febrile Seizures Vaccine-induced Toxicity Vaccination: All Vaccination: Mumps-Measles-Rubella (MMR) Vaccination: Varicella (Chicken pox) Human Study Tue, 28 Jan 2020 12:42:45 +0000 greenmedinfo 209569 at https://greenmedinfo.com Anticonvulsive effect of paeoniflorin on experimental febrile seizures. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/anticonvulsive-effect-paeoniflorin-experimental-febrile-seizures PMID:  PLoS One. 2012 ;7(8):e42920. Epub 2012 Aug 16. PMID: 22916181 Abstract Title:  Anticonvulsive effect of paeoniflorin on experimental febrile seizures in immature rats: possible application for febrile seizures in children. Abstract:  Febrile seizures (FS) is the most common convulsive disorder in children, but there have been no clinical and experimental studies of the possible treatment of FS with herbal medicines, which are widely used in Asian countries. Paeoniflorin (PF) is a major bioactive component of Radix Paeoniae alba, and PF-containing herbal medicines have been used for neuromuscular, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we analyzed the anticonvulsive effect of PF and Keishikashakuyaku-to (KS; a PF-containing herbal medicine) for hyperthermia-induced seizures in immature rats as a model of human FS. When immature (P5) male rats were administered PF or KS for 10 days, hyperthermia-induced seizures were significantly suppressed compared to control rats. In cultured hippocampal neurons, PF suppressed glutamate-induced elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)), glutamate receptor-mediated membrane depolarization, and glutamate-induced neuronal death. In addition, PF partially suppressed the elevation in [Ca(2+)](i) induced by activation of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), but not that mediated byα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolpropionic acid (AMPA) or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. However, PF did not affect production or release of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in hippocampal neurons. These results suggest that PF or PF-containing herbal medicines exert anticonvulsive effects at least in part by preventing mGluR5-dependent [Ca(2+)](i) elevations. Thus, it could be a possible candidate for the treatment of FS in children. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/anticonvulsive-effect-paeoniflorin-experimental-febrile-seizures" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/anticonvulsive-effect-paeoniflorin-experimental-febrile-seizures#comments Febrile Seizures Paeoniflorin Anticonvulsants Animal Study Sat, 22 Jun 2019 02:52:03 +0000 greenmedinfo 189829 at https://greenmedinfo.com Antipyretic agents are ineffective for the prevention of recurrences of febrile seizures and for the lowering of body temperature in patients with a febrile episode that leads to a recurrent febrile seizure. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/antipyretic-agents-are-ineffective-prevention-recurrences-febrile-seizures-and PMID:  Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009 Sep ;163(9):799-804. PMID: 19736332 Abstract Title:  Antipyretic agents for preventing recurrences of febrile seizures: randomized controlled trial. Abstract:  OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of different antipyretic agents and their highest recommended doses for preventing febrile seizures.DESIGN: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.SETTING: Five hospitals, each working as the only pediatric hospital in its region.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 231 children who experienced their first febrile seizure between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2003. The children were observed for 2 years.INTERVENTIONS: All febrile episodes during follow-up were treated first with either rectal diclofenac or placebo. After 8 hours, treatment was continued with oral ibuprofen, acetaminophen, or placebo.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Recurrence of febrile seizures.RESULTS: The children experienced 851 febrile episodes, and 89 of these included a febrile seizure. Febrile seizure recurrences occurred in 54 of the 231 children (23.4%). There were no significant differences between the groups in the main measure of effect, and the effect estimates were similar, as the rate was 23.4% (46 of 197) in those receiving antipyretic agents and 23.5% (8 of 34) in those receiving placebo (difference, 0.2; 95% confidence interval, -12.8 to 17.6; P = .99). Fever was significantly higher during the episodes with seizure than in those without seizure (39.7 degrees C vs 38.9 degrees C; difference, 0.7 degrees C; 95% confidence interval, -0.9 degrees C to -0.6 degrees C; P https://greenmedinfo.com/article/antipyretic-agents-are-ineffective-prevention-recurrences-febrile-seizures-and#comments Febrile Seizures Fever Diclofenac Ibuprofen Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Paracetamol Tylenol Human Study Mon, 26 Sep 2011 20:22:49 +0000 greenmedinfo 68756 at https://greenmedinfo.com Aspirin may be contraindicated in children with febrile illness because it causes gastrointestinal bleeding. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/aspirin-may-be-contraindicated-children-febrile-illness-because-it-causes-gast PMID:  Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi. 1989 Sep;88(9):869-73. PMID: 2621427 Abstract Title:  Acute effects of fever, fasting and aspirin on infant rat gastric mucosa. Abstract:  Clinical experience shows that young children with gastrointestinal bleeding have frequently had some preceding febrile illness for which aspirin was administered. Febrile young children often have poor food or liquid intake, or have been in a fasting state because of diarrhea, vomiting or anorexia. The objective of this study was to determine the acute effects of fever, fasting and oral aspirin administration on the gastrointestinal mucosa. One hundred and sixty-eight infant rats, from 21 to 28 days of age and weighting from 70 to 120 g were studied. Random assignment was made to eight groups (Grs): Control (Gr I); aspirin administration only (Gr II); fasting only (Gr III); fever only (Gr IV); aspirin and fever (Gr V); fasting and fever (Gr VI); aspirin and fasting (Gr VII); and aspirin, fever and fasting (Gr VIII). Aspirin was given orally in a single daily dose of 200 mg/kg for two days. Fever was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of 0.6 ml salmonella vaccine. Fasting time lasted from 40 to 48 hours (8 hours prior to the beginning of the experiment to the end of study). The severity of the gastric bleeding was estimated by scoring the number of petechiae and the percentage of the hemorrhagic erosion area from grade 0 to 3. Results showed that rats in Grs VII and VIII had significantly more severe grades of petechiae and hemorrhage than the other groups. These were the groups where the risk factors of fasting and aspirin administration coexisted. In addition to fasting, Gr VIII had fever, but this group did not show more gastric mucosal damage than Gr VII showed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) https://greenmedinfo.com/article/aspirin-may-be-contraindicated-children-febrile-illness-because-it-causes-gast#comments Cold and Flu: Infants & Children Febrile Seizures Fever Aspirin Animal Study Sat, 24 Apr 2010 00:28:35 +0000 greenmedinfo 55006 at https://greenmedinfo.com Cannabidiol Has Potential As A Treatment for Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES) in the Acute and Chronic Phases. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cannabidiol-has-potential-treatment-febrile-infection-related-epilepsy-syndrom PMID:  J Child Neurol. 2017 Jan ;32(1):35-40. Epub 2016 Sep 29. PMID: 27655472 Abstract Title:  Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES) in the Acute and Chronic Phases. Abstract:  Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a devastating epilepsy affecting normal children after a febrile illness. FIRES presents with an acute phase with super-refractory status epilepticus and all patients progress to a chronic phase with persistent refractory epilepsy. The typical outcome is severe encephalopathy or death. The authors present 7 children from 5 centers with FIRES who had not responded to antiepileptic drugs or other therapies who were given cannabadiol (Epidiolex, GW Pharma) on emergency or expanded investigational protocols in either the acute or chronic phase of illness. After starting cannabidiol, 6 of 7 patients&#039; seizures improved in frequency and duration. One patient died due to multiorgan failure secondary to isoflourane. An average of 4 antiepileptic drugs were weaned. Currently 5 subjects are ambulatory, 1 walks with assistance, and 4 are verbal. While this is an open-label case series, the authors add cannabidiol as a possible treatment for FIRES. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cannabidiol-has-potential-treatment-febrile-infection-related-epilepsy-syndrom" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cannabidiol-has-potential-treatment-febrile-infection-related-epilepsy-syndrom#comments Cannabidiol Febrile Seizures Human: Case Report Thu, 16 Mar 2017 00:01:46 +0000 greenmedinfo 144898 at https://greenmedinfo.com Cannabidiol inhibits febrile seizure by modulating AMPA receptor kinetics. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cannabidiol-inhibits-febrile-seizure-modulating-ampa-receptor-kinetics PMID:  Pharmacol Res. 2020 Aug 14:105128. Epub 2020 Aug 14. PMID: 32805354 Abstract Title:  Cannabidiol inhibits febrile seizure by modulating AMPA receptor kinetics through its interaction with the N-terminal domain of GluA1/GluA2. Abstract:  Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major phytocannabinoid in Cannabis sativa. CBD is being increasingly reported as a clinical treatment for neurological diseases. Febrile seizure is one of the most common diseases in children with limited therapeutic options. We investigated possible therapeutic effects of CBD on febrile seizures and the underlying mechanism. Use of a hyperthermia-induced seizures model revealed that CBD significantly prolonged seizure latency and reduced the severity of thermally-induced seizures. Hippocampal neuronal excitability was significantly decreased by CBD. Further, CBD significantly reduced theα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) mediated evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) and the amplitude and frequency of miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs). Furthermore, CBD significantly accelerated deactivation in GluA1 and GluA2 subunits. Interestingly, CBD slowedreceptor recovery from desensitization of GluA1, but not GluA2. These effects on kinetics were even more prominent when AMPAR was co-expressed with γ-8, the high expression isoform 8 of transmembrane AMPAR regulated protein (TARPγ8) in the hippocampus. The inhibitory effects of CBD on AMPAR depended on its interaction with the distal N-terminal domain of GluA1/GluA2. CBD inhibited AMPAR activity and reduced hippocampal neuronal excitability, thereby improving the symptoms of febrile seizure in mice. The putative binding site of CBD in the N-terminal domain of GluA1/GluA2 may be a drug target for allosteric gating modulation of AMPAR. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cannabidiol-inhibits-febrile-seizure-modulating-ampa-receptor-kinetics" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cannabidiol-inhibits-febrile-seizure-modulating-ampa-receptor-kinetics#comments Cannabidiol Febrile Seizures Anticonvulsants In Vitro Study Thu, 27 Aug 2020 19:13:05 +0000 greenmedinfo 225827 at https://greenmedinfo.com Combined MMR and varicella live vaccine is associated with higher rates of febrile convulsion than giving the vaccines separately. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/combined-mmr-and-varicella-live-vaccine-associated-higher-rates-febrile-convul PMID:  Vaccine. 2009 Jul 23;27(34):4656-61. Epub 2009 Jun 9. PMID: 19520201 Abstract Title:  Observational safety study of febrile convulsion following first dose MMRV vaccination in a managed care setting. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: A combined measles, mumps, rubella, varicella live vaccine (MMRV, Merck and Co., Inc., US) was recently licensed in the US. Pre-licensure clinical trial data showed a significant increase in fever in days 5-12 following MMRV vaccination as compared to the vaccines given separately (MMR+V). This post-licensure retrospective cohort study was undertaken to assess the incidence of febrile convulsion following MMRV. METHODS: Children ages 12-60 months who received a first dose of MMRV in February 2006-June 2007 in a managed care organization were included in the study. Subjects were optimally matched on age, sex, and calendar date of vaccination to children who received MMR+V concomitantly in November 2003-January 2006, before MMRV licensure. Potential cases of febrile convulsion were identified through administrative data and adjudicated by expert panel, according to pre-specified criteria. RESULTS: During the 30 days post-vaccination, there were 128 and 94 potential convulsion cases among the 31,298 children in the MMRV and MMR+V cohorts, respectively. After review of available medical charts and adjudication, there were 84 cases of confirmed febrile convulsion, 44 (1.41/1000) and 40 (1.28/1000) in the MMRV and MMR+V cohorts, respectively (RR=1.10, 95% CI=0.72, 1.69). In days 5-12 following vaccination, a pre-specified period of interest, the respective numbers were 22 (0.70/1000) and 10 (0.32/1000) (RR=2.20, 95% CI=1.04, 4.65). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the risk of febrile convulsion is increased in days 5-12 following vaccination with MMRV as compared to MMR+V given separately during the same visit, when post-vaccination fever and rash are also increased in clinical trials. While there was no evidence of an increase in the overall month following vaccination, the elevated risk during this time period should be communicated and needs to be balanced with the potential benefit of a combined vaccine. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/combined-mmr-and-varicella-live-vaccine-associated-higher-rates-febrile-convul#comments Febrile Seizures Vaccine-induced Toxicity Varicella Vaccination: All Vaccination: Mumps-Measles-Rubella (MMR) Vaccination: Varicella (Chicken pox) Human Study Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:11:18 +0000 greenmedinfo 53453 at https://greenmedinfo.com DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccination was associated with an increased risk of febrile seizures on the day of the first 2 vaccinations given at 3 and 5 months. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/dtap-ipv-hib-vaccination-was-associated-increased-risk-febrile-seizures-day-fi PMID:  JAMA. 2012 Feb 22 ;307(8):823-31. PMID: 22357833 Abstract Title:  Risk of febrile seizures and epilepsy after vaccination with diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus, and Haemophilus influenzae type B. Abstract:  CONTEXT: Vaccination with whole-cell pertussis vaccine carries an increased risk of febrile seizures, but whether this risk applies to the acellular pertussis vaccine is not known. In Denmark, acellular pertussis vaccine has been included in the combined diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus-Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP-IPV-Hib) vaccine since September 2002.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of febrile seizures and epilepsy after DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccination given at 3, 5, and 12 months.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A population-based cohort study of 378,834 children who were born in Denmark between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2008, and followed up through December 31, 2009; and a self-controlled case series (SCCS) study based on children with febrile seizures during follow-up of the cohort.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hazard ratio (HR) of febrile seizures within 0 to 7 days (0, 1-3, and 4-7 days) after each vaccination and HR of epilepsy after first vaccination in the cohort study. Relative incidence of febrile seizures within 0 to 7 days (0, 1-3, and 4-7 days) after each vaccination in the SCCS study.RESULTS: A total of 7811 children were diagnosed with febrile seizures before 18 months, of whom 17 were diagnosed within 0 to 7 days after the first (incidence rate, 0.8 per 100,000 person-days), 32 children after the second (1.3 per 100,000 person-days), and 201 children after the third (8.5 per 100,000 person-days) vaccinations. Overall, children did not have higher risks of febrile seizures during the 0 to 7 days after the 3 vaccinations vs a reference cohort of children who were not within 0 to 7 days of vaccination. However, a higher risk of febrile seizures was found on the day of the first (HR, 6.02; 95% CI, 2.86-12.65) and on the day of the second (HR, 3.94; 95% CI, 2.18-7.10), but not on the day of the third vaccination (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.73-1.57) vs the reference cohort. On the day of vaccination, 9 children were diagnosed with febrile seizures after the first (5.5 per 100,000 person-days), 12 children after the second (5.7 per 100,000 person-days), and 27 children after the third (13.1 per 100,000 person-days) vaccinations. The relative incidences from the SCCS study design were similar to the cohort study design. Within 7 years of follow-up, 131 unvaccinated children and 2117 vaccinated children were diagnosed with epilepsy, 813 diagnosed between 3 and 15 months (2.4 per 1000 person-years) and 1304 diagnosed later in life (1.3 per 1000 person-years). After vaccination, children had a lower risk of epilepsy between 3 and 15 months (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.50-0.79) and a similar risk for epilepsy later in life (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.66-1.56) vs unvaccinated children.CONCLUSIONS: DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccination was associated with an increased risk of febrile seizures on the day of the first 2 vaccinations given at 3 and 5 months, although the absolute risk was small. Vaccination with DTaP-IPV-Hib was not associated with an increased risk of epilepsy. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/dtap-ipv-hib-vaccination-was-associated-increased-risk-febrile-seizures-day-fi" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/dtap-ipv-hib-vaccination-was-associated-increased-risk-febrile-seizures-day-fi#comments Febrile Seizures Vaccination: Animal Model Vaccination: Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus Vaccination: Haemophilus Influenzae Vaccination: Polio Human Study Wed, 01 Jan 2020 22:03:29 +0000 greenmedinfo 206811 at https://greenmedinfo.com Febrile reaction was noted in approximately 60% of the children given alum-adjuvanted whole virion inactivated H5N1 vaccine. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/febrile-reaction-was-noted-approximately-60-children-given-alum-adjuvanted-who PMID:  Yakugaku Zasshi. 2011 ;131(12):1723-31. PMID: 22129866 Abstract Title:  Influenza vaccine and adjuvant. Abstract:  Adjuvant is originated from the Latin word &quot;adjuvare&quot; which means &quot;help&quot; in English to enhance the immunological responses when given together with antigens. The beginning of adjuvant was mineral oil which enhanced the immune response when it was given with inactivated Salmonella typhimurium. Aluminium salt was used to precipitate diphtheria toxoid and increased level of antibody response was demonstrated when administered with alum-precipitated antigens. Since 1930, aluminium salt has been used as DTaP (diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine) adjuvant. Many candidates were tested for adjuvant activity but only aluminum salt is allowed to use for human vaccines. New adjuvant MF59, oil-in-water emulsion type, was developed for influenza vaccine for elderly (Fluad) and series of AS adjuvant are used for hepatitis B, pandemic flue, and human papiloma virus vaccines. Oil-adjuvanted influenza pandemic vaccines induced higher antibody response than alum-adjuvanted vaccine with higher incidence of adverse events, especially for local reactions. Alum-adjuvanted whole virion inactivated H5N1 vaccine was developed in Japan, and it induced relatively well immune responses in adults. When it applied for children, febrile reaction was noted in approximately 60% of the subjects, with higher antibodies. Recent investigation on innate immunity demonstrates that adjuvant activity is initiated from the stimulation on innate immunity and/or inflammasome, resulting in cytokine induction and antigen uptake by monocytes and macrophages. The probable reason for high incidence of febrile reaction should be investigated to develop a safe and effective influenza vaccine. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/febrile-reaction-was-noted-approximately-60-children-given-alum-adjuvanted-who#comments Aluminum Toxicity Febrile Seizures Vaccine-induced Toxicity Aluminum Hydroxide Vaccine Adjuvants Review Sun, 08 Jan 2012 22:04:10 +0000 greenmedinfo 70655 at https://greenmedinfo.com Influenza, DTaP, and PCV vaccines given together can lead to febrile seizures at a rate of up to 30 in 100,000 children immunized. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/influenza-dtap-and-pcv-vaccines-given-together-can-lead-febrile-seizures-rate- PMID:  Pediatrics. 2016 07 ;138(1). Epub 2016 Jun 6. PMID: 27273713 Abstract Title:  Vaccines and Febrile Seizures: Quantifying the Risk. Abstract:  [n/a] <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/influenza-dtap-and-pcv-vaccines-given-together-can-lead-febrile-seizures-rate-" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/influenza-dtap-and-pcv-vaccines-given-together-can-lead-febrile-seizures-rate-#comments Febrile Seizures Vaccination: All Review Wed, 29 Jan 2020 14:12:04 +0000 greenmedinfo 209758 at https://greenmedinfo.com Jujuboside B inhibits febrile seizure by modulating AMPA receptor activity. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/jujuboside-b-inhibits-febrile-seizure-modulating-ampa-receptor-activity PMID:  J Ethnopharmacol. 2023 Mar 25 ;304:116048. Epub 2022 Dec 19. PMID: 36549370 Abstract Title:  Jujuboside B inhibits febrile seizure by modulating AMPA receptor activity. Abstract:  ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Febrile seizure is a common neurologic disorder with limited treatment occurring in infants and children under the age of five. Jujuboside B (JuB) is a main bioactive saponin component isolated from the Chinese anti-insomnia herbal medicine Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS), seed of Ziziphus jujuba Mill, which has been proved to exhibit neuroprotective effects recently.AIM OF THE STUDY: In this study, we aimed at elucidating the effect of JuB on suppressing febrile seizure and the potential mechanisms.METHODS: Electroencephalogram (EEG) recording was used to monitor the severity of febrile seizures. The JuB in the brain was identified by mass spectrometry. Neuronal excitability was investigated using patch clamp.RESULTS: JuB (30 mg/kg) significantly prolonged seizure latency and reduced the severity in hyperthermia-induced seizures model mice. Hippocampal neuronal excitability was significantly decreased by JuB. And JuB significantly reduced the excitatory synaptic transmission mediated byα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-iso-xazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR), including evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs), and miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) in hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, JuB also significantly inhibited recombinant GluA1 and GluA2 mediated AMPA current in HEK293 cell and decreased the upregulation of [Ca]induced by AMPA in primary cultured cortex neurons.CONCLUSIONS: JuB suppressed the excitability of hippocampal neurons by inhibiting the activity of AMPAR and reducing the intracellular free calcium, thereby relieving febrile seizures. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/jujuboside-b-inhibits-febrile-seizure-modulating-ampa-receptor-activity" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/jujuboside-b-inhibits-febrile-seizure-modulating-ampa-receptor-activity#comments Febrile Seizures Jujube Anticonvulsants Animal Study Mon, 19 Jun 2023 21:26:13 +0000 greenmedinfo 275025 at https://greenmedinfo.com The MMRV (measles-mumps-rubella-varicella) vaccine is associated with an increased risk of febrile seizures. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mmrv-measles-mumps-rubella-varicella-vaccine-associated-increased-risk-febrile PMID:  Vaccine. 2015 Jul 17 ;33(31):3636-49. Epub 2015 Jun 11. PMID: 26073015 Abstract Title:  Risk of febrile seizure after measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Considering the febrile seizure rate, there is no longer a clear preference for use of measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccine over separate measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and varicella (V) vaccine. This work was undertaken to assess the risk of febrile seizure after MMRV vaccine in children.METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, BIOSIS Previews, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and other databases through 12 December 2014. Meta-analysis was conducted using R version 3.1.2 and Stata version 12.0.RESULTS: A total of thirty-nine studies were included. Thirty-one published or unpublished clinical trials involving about 40,000 subjects did not show significant differences in incidence of febrile seizure or vaccine related febrile seizure between MMRV and MMR with or without varicella vaccine after any doses, in the risk windows of 0-28, 0-42 or 0-56 days and 7-10 days. In addition, these studies showed that the receipt of concomitant use of MMRV and other pediatric vaccines was not a significant predictor of febrile seizure. Eight post-marketing observations involving more than 3,200,000 subjects were included. No evidence suggested elevated risk of febrile seizure associated with MMRV vaccine among children aged 4-6 years old during 7-10 days or 0-42 days after vaccination. However, an approximately 2-fold increase in risk of seizure or febrile seizure during 7-10 days or 5-12 days after MMRV vaccination was found among children aged 10-24 months, although the highest incidence of seizure was still lower than 2.95‰.CONCLUSIONS: First MMRV vaccine dose in children aged 10-24 months was associated with an elevated risk of seizure or febrile seizure. Further post-marketing restudies based on more rigorous study design are needed to confirm the findings. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mmrv-measles-mumps-rubella-varicella-vaccine-associated-increased-risk-febrile" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mmrv-measles-mumps-rubella-varicella-vaccine-associated-increased-risk-febrile#comments Febrile Seizures Vaccination: All Meta Analysis Mon, 27 Jan 2020 23:10:27 +0000 greenmedinfo 209513 at https://greenmedinfo.com The risk of febrile seizures doubles with the MMRV vaccine compared to the MMR and varicella administered separately. Despite this risk, this paper still emphasizes the fact that MMRV enhances vaccine uptake due to preference of combination vaccines. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/risk-febrile-seizures-doubles-mmrv-vaccine-compared-mmr-and-varicella-administ PMID:  CMAJ. 2014 Aug 5 ;186(11):824-9. Epub 2014 Jun 9. PMID: 24914115 Abstract Title:  Risk of febrile seizures after first dose of measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine: a population-based cohort study. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: The combination measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccine currently used in Canada (Priorix-Tetra) may increase the risk of febrile seizures relative to the separate vaccines (MMR and varicella) previously administered. We determined the risk of febrile seizure after the first dose of MMRV, as well as any additional risk for children at high risk for seizures because of pre-existing medical conditions.METHODS: In this retrospective, population-based cohort study, we compared the risk of seizures after the first dose of MMRV with the risk after same-day administration of separate MMR and varicella vaccines (MMR+V) in children 12 to 23 months of age in the province of Alberta. We deterministically linked vaccination data to health service utilization data for seizures. We used Poisson regression, with adjustment for age and calendar year, to determine the risk for the full cohort and for high-risk children.RESULTS: The risk of seizures 7 to 10 days after vaccination was twice as high with MMRV as with MMR+V (relative risk [RR] 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-3.05). The excess absolute risk of seizures was 3.52 seizures per 10 000 doses of MMRV relative to MMR+V. In high-risk children, the risk was not differentially higher for MMRV (RR 1.30, 95% CI 0.60-2.79).INTERPRETATION: Despite an increased risk of febrile seizures following MMRV (compared with MMR+V), the absolute level of risk was small. Policy-makers need to balance these findings with the potential benefits of administering the combination vaccine or determine whether the choice of vaccine rests with clinicians and/or parents. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/risk-febrile-seizures-doubles-mmrv-vaccine-compared-mmr-and-varicella-administ" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/risk-febrile-seizures-doubles-mmrv-vaccine-compared-mmr-and-varicella-administ#comments Febrile Seizures Vaccination: All Vaccination: Mumps-Measles-Rubella (MMR) Vaccination: Varicella (Chicken pox) Vaccination: Varicella Zoster (Shingles) Human Study Tue, 28 Jan 2020 13:27:12 +0000 greenmedinfo 209609 at https://greenmedinfo.com