Intoxication https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/2843/all en Brussel sprouts induce detoxifying enzymes. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/brussel-sprouts-induce-detoxifying-enzymes PMID:  J Food Sci. 2010 Aug 1;75(6):H190-9. PMID: 20722931 Abstract Title:  Induction of detoxification enzymes by feeding unblanched Brussels sprouts containing active myrosinase to mice for 2 wk. Abstract:  In cruciferous vegetables, myrosinase metabolizes the relatively inactive glucosinolates into isothiocyanates and other products that have the ability to increase detoxification enzyme expression. Thus, maintaining myrosinase activity during food preparation may be critical to receiving the maximum benefit of consumption of Brussels sprouts or other cruciferous vegetables. To test the importance of maintaining myrosinase activity for maximizing bioactivity, experimental diets containing 20% unblanched (active myrosinase) or 20% blanched (inactivated myrosinase) freeze-dried Brussels sprouts and a nutrient-matched control diet were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their ability to induce detoxification enzymes. Treatment of immortalized HepG2 human hepatoma cells with the unblanched Brussels sprout diet caused a greater increase quinone activity compared to the blanched Brussels sprout diet. C3H/HeJ mice fed the unblanched Brussels sprout diets for 2 wk had significantly higher plasma sulforaphane concentrations. Liver expression of CYP1A1 and epoxide hydrolase, measured using real-time PCR, was correlated with the plasma concentration of sulforaphane. In the lung, expression of epoxide hydrolase, thioredoxin reductase, UDP glucuronosyltransferase, quinone reductase, heme oxygenase, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 were also correlated with the plasma concentration of sulforaphane. Together these data demonstrate that, as predicted by the in vitro experiment, in vivo exposure to Brussels sprouts with active myrosinase resulted in greater induction of both phase I and phase II detoxification enzymes in the liver and the lungs that correlated with plasma sulforaphane concentrations. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/brussel-sprouts-induce-detoxifying-enzymes#comments Brussel sprouts Chemical Exposure Intoxication Sulforaphane Phase I Detoxification Enzyme Inducer Phase II Detoxification Enzyme Inducer Isothiocyanates Plant Extracts Animal Study Sat, 21 May 2011 21:02:50 +0000 greenmedinfo 64145 at https://greenmedinfo.com Cinnamaldehyde enhances detoxification by increasing phase 2 enzyme expression. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cinnamaldehyde-enhances-detoxification-increasing-phase-2-enzyme-expression PMID:  J Agric Food Chem. 2011 May 11;59(9):5164-71. Epub 2011 Apr 15. PMID: 21469739 Abstract Title:  Cinnamaldehyde enhances Nrf2 nuclear translocation to upregulate phase II detoxifying enzyme expression in HepG2 cells. Abstract:  Cinnamaldehyde has been demonstrated to stimulate glutathione production and the expression of phase II detoxifying enzymes in HepG2 cells. The mechanism underlying this cinnamaldehyde-mediated gene expression relies on Nrf2 transcriptional activity. Therefore, the molecular signaling events in cinnamaldehyde-mediated detoxifying enzyme expression were further investigated in this study. Cinnamaldehyde activated ERK1/2, Akt, and JNK signaling pathways, but not the p38 MAP kinase pathway, subsequently leading to Nrf2 nuclear translocation and eventually increasing phase II enzyme expression. In contrast, inhibition of ERK1/2, Akt, or JNK pathways attenuated Nrf2 nuclear translocation and phase II enzyme expression. Depletion of Nrf2 by small RNA interference (si-RNA) showed that the protein levels of phase II enzymes were no longer induced by cinnamaldehyde. A luciferase reporter assay and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) also demonstrated that cinnamaldehyde-activated signaling resulted in the increased transcriptional activity of Nrf2 through binding to the ARE4 enhancer sequence. Altogether, these data suggest that ERK1/2, Akt, and JNK pathways activated by cinnamaldehyde collectively control Nrf2 nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity, leading to the increase of phase II enzyme expression. Application of an appropriate chemopreventive agent such as cinnamaldehyde could potentially be an alternative strategy for cancer chemoprevention. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cinnamaldehyde-enhances-detoxification-increasing-phase-2-enzyme-expression#comments Cinnamaldehyde Intoxication Glutathione Upregulation Phase II Detoxification Enzyme Inducer In Vitro Study Sat, 21 May 2011 19:16:04 +0000 greenmedinfo 64140 at https://greenmedinfo.com Panax ginseng and sea buckthorn extracts prolonged alcohol tolerance time and shortened sober-up time after acute ethanol administration. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/panax-ginseng-and-sea-buckthorn-extracts-prolonged-alcohol-tolerance-time-and- PMID:  J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Jul 1. Epub 2016 Jul 1. PMID: 27374757 Abstract Title:  Effects of aqueous extracts from Panax ginseng and Hippophae rhamnoides on Acute Alcohol Intoxication: an experimental study using mouse model. Abstract:  ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Acute alcohol intoxication(AAI) is a frequent emergency, but therapeutic drugs with superior efficacy and safety are lacking. Panax ginseng(PG) and Hippophae rhamnoides (HR) respectively has a wide application as a complementary therapeutic agent in China for the treatment of AAI and liver injury induced by alcohol. We investigated the effects of aqueous extracts from PG and HR (AEPH) on AAI mice and identified its underlying mechanisms.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Models of AAI were induced by intragastric administration of ethanol (8g/kg). Seventy-two Specific pathogen-free (SPF) male Kunming mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal group, positive control group, AEPH of low dosage (100mg/kg) group, AEPH of medium dose (200mg/kg) group, AEPH of high dosage (400mg/kg) group and model group. The mice were treated with metadoxine (MTD, 500mg/kg) and AEPH. Thirty minutes later, the normal group was given normal saline, while the other groups were given ethanol (i.g., 8g/kg).The impact of AEPH was observed. In the same way, another seventy-two Kunming mice were randomly divided into six groups equally. The blood ethanol concentration at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 6hours after ethanol intake was determined by way of gas chromatography. The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and microsomal ethanol oxidase (EO) in liver, and the concentration ofβ-endorphin (β-EP), leucine-enkephalin (LENK) in the brain were determined by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay (ELISA).RESULTS: AEPH markedly prolonged alcohol tolerance time and shortened sober-up time after acute ethanol administration. AEPH decreased blood ethanol levels in six tests after ethanol intake. The 7-day survival rate of AEPH group was obviously superior to model group. AEPH increased the activities of ADH, ALDH, and decreased EO activity in liver. The crucial find was that AEPH markedly decreasedβ-EP and LENK concentration in the brain.CONCLUSIONS: AEPH can markedly increase the levels of ADH, ALDH, decrease EO activity in liver and decrease the concentration ofβ-EP and LENK in the brain to against acute alcohol intoxication in mice. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/panax-ginseng-and-sea-buckthorn-extracts-prolonged-alcohol-tolerance-time-and-#comments Alcohol Toxicity Ginseng Intoxication Sea buckthorn Plant Extracts Animal Study Mon, 01 Aug 2016 20:40:39 +0000 greenmedinfo 131386 at https://greenmedinfo.com