Lectin-Induced Toxicity https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/30409/all en Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) exhibits activity in a plasma membrane preparation of rat pancreas, which can be blocked by a n-acetyl-d-glucosamine rich glyoprotein. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/wheat-germ-agglutinin-wga-exhibits-activity-plasma-membrane-preparation-rat-pa PMID:  J Cyclic Nucleotide Res. 1977 Jun;3(3):177-87. PMID: 561809 Abstract Title:  Wheat germ agglutinin inhibits basal- and stimulated-adenylate cyclase activity as well as the binding of [3H] caerulein to rat pancreatic plasma membranes. Abstract:  Wheat germ agglutinin, but not concanavalin A or soybean lectin, inhibited the basal-and stimulated-adenylate cyclase activity which was present in a plasma membrane preparation from the rat pancreas. The inhibition by wheat germ agglutinin was rapid and sustained. It was of the non-competitive type and never exceeded 20% for Gpp (NH) p- and NaF-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. The inhibition of secretin-stimulated activity was also non-competitive but more pronounced (57% inhibition at a wheat germ agglutinin concentration of 20 microgram/ml). For the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (OC-PZ)-stimulated cyclase, the inhibition amounted to 68% and was of a mixed type (both competitive and non-competitive). This last observation might be explained by the competitive inhibition exerted by wheat germ agglutinin on the binding of peptides of the OC-PZ family to their membrane specific receptors. The various inhibitory effects of wheat germ agglutinin were completely suppressed by incubating the membranes in the presence of ovomucoid, a N-acetyl-D-glucosamine rich glycoprotein. The possible functional implication of these results is discussed. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/wheat-germ-agglutinin-wga-exhibits-activity-plasma-membrane-preparation-rat-pa#comments Gluten Sensitivity Lectin-Induced Toxicity N-Acetyl D-Glucosamine Lectins In Vitro Study Mon, 21 Jun 2010 19:22:25 +0000 greenmedinfo 55469 at https://greenmedinfo.com Probiotic supplements could be used to protect from the harmful effects of wheat germ agglutinin. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/probiotic-supplements-could-be-used-protect-harmful-effects-wheat-germ-aggluti n/a PMID:  Br Poult Sci. 2017 Jan 19:1-7. Epub 2017 Jan 19. PMID: 27845560 Abstract Title:  Lactic acid bacteria isolated from poultry protect the intestinal epithelial cells of chickens from in vitro wheat germ agglutinin-induced cytotoxicity. Abstract:  Poultry fed on wheat-based diets regularly ingest wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) that has toxic effects in vitro on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) obtained from 14-d-old broilers. Cytotoxicity and the potential role of 14 intestinal bacterial strains in the removal of bound lectins in epithelial cell cultures were investigated. Cytotoxicity was dependent on time and lectin concentration; the lethal dose (LD50) was 8.36 µg/ml for IEC exposed for 2 h to WGA. Complementary sugars to WGA were detected on the surface of one Enterococcus and 9 Lactobacillus strains isolated from poultry. These strains were evaluated as a lectin removal tool for cytotoxicity prevention. Incubation of lactic acid bacteria with WGA before IEC-lectin interaction caused a substantial reduction in the percentage of cell deaths. The protection was attributed to the amount of lectin bound to the bacterial surfaces and was strain-dependent. L. salivarius LET 201 and L. reuteri LET 210 were more efficient than the other lactic acid bacteria assayed. These results provide a basis for the development of probiotic supplements or cell-wall preparations of selected lactic acid bacteria intended to avoid harmful effects of a natural constituent of the grain in wheat-based diets. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/probiotic-supplements-could-be-used-protect-harmful-effects-wheat-germ-aggluti#comments Lactobacillus reuteri Lactobacillus salivarius Lectin-Induced Toxicity Gastrointestinal Agents Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) Gastrointestinal Agents Lactobacillus reuteri Lactobacillus salivarius Lectin-Induced Toxicity Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) In Vitro Study Mon, 30 Jan 2017 16:38:54 +0000 greenmedinfo 142758 at https://greenmedinfo.com Propionibacterium deactivate the toxic effect of lectins on colonic cells. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/propionibacterium-deactivate-toxic-effect-lectins-colonic-cells PMID:  J Appl Microbiol. 2009 Mar;106(3):1050-7. Epub 2009 Jan 21. PMID: 19191953 Abstract Title:  Dairy bacteria remove in vitro dietary lectins with toxic effects on colonic cells. Abstract:  AIMS: To assess in vitro the ability of some dairy bacteria to bind concanavalin A (Con A), peanut agglutinin (PNA) and jacalin (AIL), preventing their toxicity on mouse intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). METHODS AND RESULTS: Con A and AIL reduced significantly IEC viability in vitro, as determined by Trypan Blue dye exclusion or by propidium iodide/fluorescein diacetate/Hoescht staining. Different strains of dairy bacteria were able to remove lectins from the media. Two strains were subjected to treatments used to remove S-layer, cell wall proteins, polysaccharides and lectin-like adhesins. They were then assayed for the ability to bind dietary lectins and reduce toxicity against IEC and to adhere to IEC after interaction with lectins. Con A and AIL were removed by Propionibacterium acidipropionici and Propionibacterium freudenreichii by binding with specific sugar moieties on the bacterial surface. Removal of lectins by bacteria impaired IEC protection. Adhesion of P. acidipropionici to IEC was reduced but not abolished after binding Con A or AIL. CONCLUSIONS: Removal of Con A or AIL by dairy propionibacteria was effective to avoid the toxic effect against colonic cells in vitro. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Consumption of foods containing these bacteria would be a tool to protect the intestinal epithelia. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/propionibacterium-deactivate-toxic-effect-lectins-colonic-cells#comments Lectin-Induced Toxicity Probiotics (non-traditional) In Vitro Study Sat, 10 Apr 2010 14:07:38 +0000 greenmedinfo 53734 at https://greenmedinfo.com Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) may be responsible for the crypt hyperplasia found in celiac children due to a mitogenic response induced by wheat germ agglutin (WGA). https://greenmedinfo.com/article/wheat-germ-agglutinin-wga-may-be-responsible-crypt-hyperplasia-found-celiac-ch PMID:  Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1995 May;6(2):98-102. PMID: 7581728 Abstract Title:  Elevated levels of serum antibodies to the lectin wheat germ agglutinin in celiac children lend support to the gluten-lectin theory of celiac disease. Abstract:  Lectins recognize carbohydrate moities of glycoproteins and glycolipids, and can elicit several biological effects, including cell agglutination, cell activation and mitogenesis. According to the gluten-lectin theory, celiac lesions represent a response to a toxic lectin, putatively wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). In this study we compared the serum antibody levels IgA, IgG and IgM to WGA and to gliadin in children under investigation for celiac disease (CD), as compared to reference children. We found that the levels of IgA and IgG to WGA as well as gliadin were significantly higher in celiac children on a gluten-containing diet, compared to children on gluten-free diet and reference children. These findings lend support to the concept that WGA is a biologically significant component of gluten. Since WGA can mimic the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) at the cellular level, we hypothesize that the crypt hyperplasia seen in celiac children could be due to a mitogenic response induced by WGA. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/wheat-germ-agglutinin-wga-may-be-responsible-crypt-hyperplasia-found-celiac-ch#comments Celiac Disease Lectin-Induced Toxicity Lectins Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) Diseases that are Linked Epidermal Growth Factor Mimetic Commentary Mon, 21 Jun 2010 20:11:07 +0000 greenmedinfo 55484 at https://greenmedinfo.com