Gastrointestinal Inflammation https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/31808/all en Gallic and butyric acids modulated NLRP3 inflammasome markers in a co-culture model of intestinal inflammation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/gallic-and-butyric-acids-modulated-nlrp3-inflammasome-markers-co-culture-model PMID:  Food Chem Toxicol. 2020 Dec ;146:111835. Epub 2020 Oct 29. PMID: 33130239 Abstract Title:  Gallic and butyric acids modulated NLRP3 inflammasome markers in a co-culture model of intestinal inflammation. Abstract:  Bioactive compounds from food products made from natural ingredients such as corn and common bean could target the NLRP3 inflammasome, protein scaffolds with a key role in the moderation of intestinal inflammation. This research aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect from the fermented non-digestible fraction of baked corn and common bean snack (FNDF), and its main components, on the modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome markers in vitro. For this, a THP-1 macrophage/differentiated Caco-2 cell co-culture was used as a model of intestinal inflammation. A disease control (DC) (LPS/human IFN-γ, 10 ng/mL) was compared with FNDF (40-300 μg/mL) and its pure components: gallic (38.85 μM) and butyric acids (6 μM), verbascose (0.06 μM), their mixture, and an anti-inflammatory control (tofacitinib, 5 μM). Compared to DC, FNDF (40 μg/mL) reduced the 48 h-basolateral nitrites (40-60%), IL-1β/IL-18, and TNF-α production. Additionally, it decreased the total reactive oxygen species (36.3%) and nitric oxide synthase (6.9%) activities, increasing superoxide dismutase (228.2%)activity. Compared to NLRP3 positive control, FNDF components decreased NLRP3 markers (caspase-1 activity, IL-1β, and apoptosis). These results highlight NLRP3-anti-inflammatory effects from FNDF components. This is the first report of the NLRP3 inflammasome modulation by digested food matrix components, using a co-culture approach. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/gallic-and-butyric-acids-modulated-nlrp3-inflammasome-markers-co-culture-model" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/gallic-and-butyric-acids-modulated-nlrp3-inflammasome-markers-co-culture-model#comments Gallic Acid Gastrointestinal Inflammation Anti-Inflammatory Agents Animal Study Tue, 02 Feb 2021 14:04:17 +0000 greenmedinfo 233901 at https://greenmedinfo.com Thymol modulates the endocannabinoid system and gut chemosensing of weaning pigs https://greenmedinfo.com/article/thymol-modulates-endocannabinoid-system-and-gut-chemosensing-weaning-pigs PMID:  BMC Vet Res. 2020 Aug 12 ;16(1):289. Epub 2020 Aug 12. PMID: 32787931 Abstract Title:  Thymol modulates the endocannabinoid system and gut chemosensing of weaning pigs. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: The recent identification of the endocannabinoid system in the gastrointestinal tract suggests a role in controlling intestinal inflammation. In addition, the gut chemosensing system has therapeutic applications in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and inflammation due to the presence of a large variety of receptors. The purposes of this study were to investigate the presence of markers of the endocannabinoid system and the chemosensing system in the pig gut and, second, to determine if thymol modulates these markers. One hundred sixty 28-day-old piglets were allocated into one of 5 treatment groups (n = 32 per treatment): T1 (control), T2 (25.5 mg thymol/kg feed), T3 (51 mg thymol/kg feed), T4 (153 mg thymol/kg feed), and T5 (510 mg thymol/kg feed). After 14 days of treatment, piglets were sacrificed (n = 8), and then duodenal and ileal mucosal scrapings were collected. Gene expression of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), the olfactory receptor OR1G1, diacylglycerol lipases (DGL-α and DGL-β), fatty acid amine hydrolase (FAAH), and cytokines was measured, and ELISAs of pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were performed.RESULTS: mRNAs encoding all markers tested were detected. In the duodenum and ileum, the CB1, CB2, TRPV1, and OR1G1 mRNAs were expressed at higher levels in the T4 and T5 groups compared to the control group. The level of the FAAH mRNA was increased in the ileum of the T4 group compared to the control. Regarding the immune response, the level of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) mRNA was significantly increased in the duodenum of the T5 group, but this increase was not consistent with the protein level.CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate the presence of endocannabinoid system and gut chemosensing markers in the piglet gut mucosa. Moreover, thymol modulated the expression of the CB1, CB2, TRPV1, and OR1G1 mRNAs in the duodenum and ileum. It also modulated the mRNA levels of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of endocannabinoid molecules. Based on these findings, the effects of thymol on promoting gut health are potentially mediated by the activation of these receptors. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/thymol-modulates-endocannabinoid-system-and-gut-chemosensing-weaning-pigs" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/thymol-modulates-endocannabinoid-system-and-gut-chemosensing-weaning-pigs#comments Gastrointestinal Inflammation Anti-Inflammatory Agents Gastrointestinal Agents Endocannabinoid System Animal Study Fri, 14 Aug 2020 19:49:00 +0000 greenmedinfo 225257 at https://greenmedinfo.com 16α-hydroxytrametenolic acid from Poria cocos improves intestinal barrier function. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/16-hydroxytrametenolic-acid-poria-cocos-improves-intestinal-barrier-function PMID:  J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Oct 2 ;67(39):10871-10879. Epub 2019 Sep 23. PMID: 31517482 Abstract Title:  16α-Hydroxytrametenolic Acid fromImproves Intestinal Barrier Function Through the Glucocorticoid Receptor-Mediated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Pathway. Abstract:  This study evaluated the effect of triterpenoids from edible mushroomon intestinal epithelium integrity and revealed the transcriptional regulatory pathways that underpin restorative mechanisms in the gut. Based on computational docking studies, transcriptional activation experiments and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein immunofluorescence localization assays in cultured cells, 16α-hydroxytrametenolic acid (HTA) was discovered as a novel GR agonist in this study. HTA ameliorates TNF-α-induced Caco-2 monolayer intestinal epithelial barrier damage and suppressed activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt), which attenuated downstream IκB and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) phosphorylation through GR activation. Moreover, HTA prevented NF-κB translocation into the nucleus and binding to its cis-element and suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced downstream NO production and pro-inflammatory cytokines at both protein and mRNA expressionlevels. In conclusion, HTA fromimproves intestinal barrier function through a GR-mediated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway and may be potentially exploited as a supportive dietary therapeutic strategy for restoring gut health. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/16-hydroxytrametenolic-acid-poria-cocos-improves-intestinal-barrier-function" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/16-hydroxytrametenolic-acid-poria-cocos-improves-intestinal-barrier-function#comments Gastrointestinal Diseases Gastrointestinal Inflammation Irritable Bowel Syndrome Poria cocos Anti-Inflammatory Agents Gastroprotective NF-kappaB Inhibitor Plant Extracts Animal Study Mon, 20 Jan 2020 11:48:15 +0000 greenmedinfo 208565 at https://greenmedinfo.com A cafeteria diet triggers intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cafeteria-diet-triggers-intestinal-inflammation-and-oxidative-stress-obese-rat PMID:  Br J Nutr. 2017 Jan 30:1-12. Epub 2017 Jan 30. PMID: 28132653 Abstract Title:  A cafeteria diet triggers intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats. Abstract:  The gastrointestinal alterations associated with the consumption of an obesogenic diet, such as inflammation, permeability impairment and oxidative stress, have been poorly explored in both diet-induced obesity (DIO) and genetic obesity. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of an obesogenic diet on the gut health status of DIO rats in comparison with the Zucker (fa/fa) rat leptin receptor-deficient model of genetic obesity over time. For this purpose, female Wistar rats (n 48) were administered a standard or a cafeteria diet (CAF diet) for 12, 14·5 or 17 weeks and were compared with fa/fa Zucker rats fed a standard diet for 10 weeks. Morphometric variables, plasma biochemical parameters, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the ileum were assessed, as well as the expressions of proinflammatory genes (TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)) and intestinal permeability genes (zonula occludens-1, claudin-1 and occludin). Both the nutritional model and the genetic obesity model showed increased body weight and metabolic alterations at the final time point. An increase in intestinal ROS production and MPO activity was observed in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats fed a CAF diet but not in the genetic obesity model. TNF-α was overexpressed in the ileum of both CAF diet and fa/fa groups, and ileal inflammation was associated with the degree of obesity and metabolic alterations. Interestingly, the 17-week CAF group and the fa/fa rats exhibited alterations in the expressions of permeability genes. Relevantly, in the hyperlipidic refined sugar diet model of obesity, the responses to chronic energy overload led to time-dependent increases in gut inflammation and oxidative stress. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cafeteria-diet-triggers-intestinal-inflammation-and-oxidative-stress-obese-rat" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cafeteria-diet-triggers-intestinal-inflammation-and-oxidative-stress-obese-rat#comments Gastrointestinal Inflammation Obesity Oxidative Stress Western Diet Increased Risk Animal Study Tue, 31 Jan 2017 23:15:46 +0000 greenmedinfo 142836 at https://greenmedinfo.com A cannabis extract with high content in cannabidiol attenuated chemically-induced intestinal inflammation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cannabis-extract-high-content-cannabidiol-attenuated-chemically-induced-intest PMID:  Front Pharmacol. 2016 ;7:341. Epub 2016 Aug 4. PMID: 27757083 Abstract Title:  An Orally Active Cannabis Extract with High Content in Cannabidiol attenuates Chemically-induced Intestinal Inflammation and Hypermotility in the Mouse. Abstract:  Anecdotal and scientific evidence suggests that Cannabis use may be beneficial in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Here, we have investigated the effect of a standardized Cannabis sativa extract with high content of cannabidiol (CBD), here named CBD BDS for&quot;CBD botanical drug substance,&quot;on mucosal inflammation and hypermotility in mouse models of intestinal inflammation. Colitis was induced in mice by intracolonic administration of dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS). Motility was evaluated in the experimental model of intestinal hypermotility induced by irritant croton oil. CBD BDS or pure CBD were given - either intraperitoneally or by oral gavage - after the inflammatory insult (curative protocol). The amounts of CBD in the colon, brain, and liver after the oral treatments were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap-time of flight mass spectrometry. CBD BDS, both when given intraperitoneally and by oral gavage, decreased the extent of the damage (as revealed by the decrease in the colon weight/length ratio and myeloperoxidase activity) in the DNBS model of colitis. It also reduced intestinal hypermotility (at doses lower than those required to affect transit in healthy mice) in the croton oil model of intestinal hypermotility. Under the same experimental conditions, pure CBD did not ameliorate colitis while it normalized croton oil-induced hypermotility when given intraperitoneally (in a dose-related fashion) or orally (only at one dose). In conclusion, CBD BDS, given after the inflammatory insult, attenuates injury and motility in intestinal models of inflammation. These findings sustain the rationale of combining CBD with other minor Cannabis constituents and support the clinical development of CBD BDS for IBD treatment. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cannabis-extract-high-content-cannabidiol-attenuated-chemically-induced-intest" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cannabis-extract-high-content-cannabidiol-attenuated-chemically-induced-intest#comments Cannabidiol Cannabinoids Cannabis Colitis Gastrointestinal Inflammation Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Anti-Inflammatory Agents Plant Extracts Animal Study Wed, 26 Oct 2016 21:25:33 +0000 greenmedinfo 136326 at https://greenmedinfo.com A majority of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis had signs of intestinal inflammation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/majority-patients-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-had-signs-intestinal-inflammat PMID:  Physiol Rep. 2017 Sep ;5(18). PMID: 28947596 Abstract Title:  Gut inflammation and dysbiosis in human motor neuron disease. Abstract:  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a systemic disorder that involves dysfunction of multiple organs. Growing evidence has shown that neurodegenerative disorders with gut dysbiosis affect the central nervous system via pro-inflammatory mediators thus impacting gut-brain communications. We have demonstrated dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability in the SOD1(G93A) ALS mouse model. In this study, we comprehensively examined the human gut microbiome in stool samples and evaluated infection and markers of intestinal inflammation in five patients with ALS and motor neuron disorders. Five patients we studied all had alteration in their gut microbiome characterized by a low diversity of the microbiome, compared to healthy cohorts with relatively intact abundance. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the two major members of bacteria at the phylum level. Low Ruminococcus spp occurred in three patients with low Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio. A majority of patients had signs of intestinal inflammation. This is the first comprehensive examination of inflammatory markers in the stool of ALS patients. Studies in gut health and microbiome related to the onset and progression of ALS may reveal novel therapeutic targets for disease modulation. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/majority-patients-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-had-signs-intestinal-inflammat" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/majority-patients-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-had-signs-intestinal-inflammat#comments Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Dysbiosis Gastrointestinal Inflammation Human Study Tue, 24 Oct 2017 00:53:11 +0000 greenmedinfo 154800 at https://greenmedinfo.com A mango juice by-product reduces gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tract infection symptoms in children. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mango-juice-product-reduces-gastrointestinal-and-upper-respiratory-tract-infec PMID:  Food Res Int. 2020 Oct ;136:109492. Epub 2020 Jun 26. PMID: 32846573 Abstract Title:  A mango (Mangifera indica L.) juice by-product reduces gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tract infection symptoms in children. Abstract:  The study aimed to evaluate the effect of a mango juice by-product (JBP) on upper-respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infection symptoms in children (6-8 y) in a randomized, double-blind, parallel, case-control study. For two months, children drank either flavored water (control group) or a mango JBP-based beverage (0.04 g·ml; treatment group); such beverage provided 1.1 g, 278.6 mg and 7.8 mg of dietary fiber, extractable polyphenols (mono-to-hepta galloyl hexosides, mangiferin), and hydrolysable polyphenols (ellagic/gallic acid) per portion, respectively. Mango JBP reduced the incidence of gastrointestinal (flatulencies and abdominal inflammation; p ≤ 0.007) and upper-tract respiratory (crystalline mucus, itchy throat, runny nose, itchy nose, and sneezing; p ≤ 0.038) and such benefits were associated to increased serum levels of PAI-I, MIP-1a, and MIP-1b (p ≤ 0.04) and decreased levels of IgG, MIF, and osteopontin (p ≤ 0.01). We concludedthat JBP-based beverage has immunomodulatory properties, useful to prevent or even treat common infectious diseases in school-age children. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mango-juice-product-reduces-gastrointestinal-and-upper-respiratory-tract-infec" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mango-juice-product-reduces-gastrointestinal-and-upper-respiratory-tract-infec#comments Gastrointestinal Infections Gastrointestinal Inflammation Mango Upper Respiratory Infections Anti-Inflammatory Agents Gastrointestinal Agents Human Study Tue, 29 Sep 2020 12:54:26 +0000 greenmedinfo 227373 at https://greenmedinfo.com A novel probiotic mixture, slows down the tumor growth significantly and reduces the tumor size and weight by 40% compared with the control. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/novel-probiotic-mixture-slows-down-tumor-growth-significantly-and-reduces-tumo PMID:  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Feb 16. Epub 2016 Feb 16. PMID: 26884164 Abstract Title:  Probiotics modulated gut microbiota suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth in mice. Abstract:  The beneficial roles of probiotics in lowering the gastrointestinal inflammation and preventing colorectal cancer have been frequently demonstrated, but their immunomodulatory effects and mechanism in suppressing the growth of extraintestinal tumors remain unexplored. Here, we adopted a mouse model and metagenome sequencing to investigate the efficacy of probiotic feeding in controlling s.c. hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying mechanism suppressing the tumor progression. Our result demonstrated that Prohep, a novel probiotic mixture, slows down the tumor growth significantly and reduces the tumor size and weight by 40% compared with the control. From a mechanistic point of view the down-regulated IL-17 cytokine and its major producer Th17 cells, whose levels decreased drastically, played critical roles in tumor reduction upon probiotics feeding. Cell staining illustrated that the reduced Th17 cells in the tumor of the probiotic-treated group is mainly caused by the reduced frequency of migratory Th17 cells from the intestine and peripheral blood. In addition, shotgun-metagenome sequencing revealed the crosstalk between gut microbial metabolites and the HCC development. Probiotics shifted the gut microbial community toward certain beneficial bacteria, including Prevotella and Oscillibacter, that are known producers of antiinflammatory metabolites, which subsequently reduced the Th17 polarization and promoted the differentiation of antiinflammatory Treg/Tr1 cells in the gut. Overall, our study offers novel insights into the mechanism by which probiotic treatment modulates the microbiota and influences the regulation of the T-cell differentiation in the gut, which in turn alters the level of the proinflammatory cytokines in the extraintestinal tumor microenvironment. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/novel-probiotic-mixture-slows-down-tumor-growth-significantly-and-reduces-tumo#comments Gastrointestinal Inflammation Liver Cancer Probiotics Anti-Inflammatory Agents Chemopreventive Immunomodulatory Immunomodulatory: Th17 downregulation Interleukin-17 downregulation Microbiota In Vitro Study Tue, 01 Mar 2016 20:47:08 +0000 greenmedinfo 124353 at https://greenmedinfo.com A smart cauliflower-like carrier for astaxanthin delivery to relieve colon inflammation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/smart-cauliflower-carrier-astaxanthin-delivery-relieve-colon-inflammation PMID:  J Control Release. 2022 Jan 14 ;342:372-387. Epub 2022 Jan 14. PMID: 35038495 Abstract Title:  A smart cauliflower-like carrier for astaxanthin delivery to relieve colon inflammation. Abstract:  As a fat-soluble carotenoid, astaxanthin has excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammation biological activities, but its poor biocompatibility and low stability limit application of astaxanthin in the food industry. In this study, cauliflower-like carriers (CCs) were constructed based on caseinate, chitosan-triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and sodium alginate through an electrostatic self-assembly method to improve the biocompatibility, stability and targeting transport properties of astaxanthin. The smart CCs showed pH-response release and mitochondrial targeted characteristics. In vitro studies demonstrated that the CCs could improve the internalization of astaxanthin, and significantly inhibited the excessive production of reactive oxygen species and the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential caused by oxidative stress. In vivo studies revealed that the astaxanthin-loaded CCs could effectively relieve the colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate and protect the integrity of the colon tissue structure. The astaxanthin-loaded CCs could significantly inhibit the expression of inflammation factors such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, cyclooxygenase-2, myeloperoxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitric oxide. Moreover, the astaxanthin-loaded CCs could maintain the expression of zonula occludens-1, increase the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillaceae in the intestine.In a word, the constructed astaxanthin delivery system provided a potential application for the oral uptake hydrophobic bio-activator in intervention of ulcerative colitis. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/smart-cauliflower-carrier-astaxanthin-delivery-relieve-colon-inflammation" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/smart-cauliflower-carrier-astaxanthin-delivery-relieve-colon-inflammation#comments Astaxanthin Gastrointestinal Inflammation Anti-Inflammatory Agents In Vitro Study Fri, 28 Jan 2022 17:01:13 +0000 greenmedinfo 252296 at https://greenmedinfo.com Adhesion and anti-inflammatory potential of lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in a sea buckthorn based beverage matrix. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/adhesion-and-anti-inflammatory-potential-lactobacillus-rhamnosus-gg-sea-buckth PMID:  Food Funct. 2020 Mar 1 ;11(3):2555-2572. Epub 2020 Mar 10. PMID: 32154524 Abstract Title:  Adhesion and anti-inflammatory potential of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in a sea buckthorn based beverage matrix. Abstract:  The consumption of probiotic based foods due to their health promoting effects has increased over the years. The consumption of probiotic based foods, due to their health promoting effects, has increased over the years. Due to this rising demands, the application platforms of the food industry have directed their efforts in the development of novel functional probiotic beverages. The presence of dietary phenolics and other beneficial components has made fruit-based matrices more popular for probiotic delivery. However, very few studies to date have evaluated the impact of carrier matrices on the in vivo functionality of probiotic strains with specific biomarkers and targeted towards specific disease conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of a sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) based, malt supplemented, beverage matrix (SBT + M) on the physiological characteristics of the probiotic strain L. rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) (LR). No significant difference in the auto-aggregation and co-aggregation rates of LR fortified in SBT + M was observed compared to LR alone. Storage conditions (4°C for 14 days) did not affect the survival and the adhesion potential of LR to the HCT116 cell line. More importantly, this study also determined the protective effect of SBT + M on the in vivo functionality of LR in alleviating LPS induced inflammation in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results showed that administration with SBT + M + LR significantly alleviated the LPS induced colonic damage, evidenced by the decrease in the overall histological and goblet cell scores compared to the LPS-treated group. The protective effect of SBT + M + LR was higher compared to the effects of SBT + M or LRalone. The colonic expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) showed a marked decline by 84.7% and 86.5% respectively. The highest expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was recorded in the SBT + M + LR treated group (p<p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/adhesion-and-anti-inflammatory-potential-lactobacillus-rhamnosus-gg-sea-buckth" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/adhesion-and-anti-inflammatory-potential-lactobacillus-rhamnosus-gg-sea-buckth#comments Gastrointestinal Inflammation Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Sea buckthorn Anti-Inflammatory Agents Animal Study Sat, 30 May 2020 11:31:25 +0000 greenmedinfo 221222 at https://greenmedinfo.com Adhesion-related immunomodulatory activity of the screened Lactobacillus plantarum from sichuan pickle. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/adhesion-related-immunomodulatory-activity-screened-lactobacillus-plantarum-si PMID:  Curr Microbiol. 2019 Jan ;76(1):29-36. Epub 2018 Oct 9. PMID: 30302554 Abstract Title:  Adhesion-Related Immunomodulatory Activity of the Screened Lactobacillus plantarum from Sichuan Pickle. Abstract:  Lactic acid bacteria are the majority fermentation starter in the traditional fermented foods. In this research, a promising Lactobacillus plantarum was isolated from Sichuan pickle and its adhesion properties were analyzed in simulated gastrointestinal fluid with different methods. Meanwhile, the immunomodulatory effect of this strain was also evaluated in the Caco-2 cells. Results found that adhesion-related mub genes and other genes like lsp and tuf were upregulated in different culture times. Furthermore, L. plantarum cultured at alkaline environment revealed some anti-inflammation activity through inhibited expression of cytokine IL-8 and increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in Caco-2 cells. The texture of yogurt after fermented by this kind of isolated strain was also investigated, which provides the foundation for the further development and application of this kind of strain in food production. More investigations need to be carried out to determine whether this probiotic contributes to regulation of intestinal flora and prevention of gut inflammation. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/adhesion-related-immunomodulatory-activity-screened-lactobacillus-plantarum-si" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/adhesion-related-immunomodulatory-activity-screened-lactobacillus-plantarum-si#comments Gastrointestinal Inflammation Lactobacillus plantarum Anti-Inflammatory Agents Immunomodulatory Interleukin-10 upregulation Interleukin-8 downregulation In Vitro Study Wed, 22 Apr 2020 19:30:23 +0000 greenmedinfo 219062 at https://greenmedinfo.com Allicin may have the potential to attenuate intestinal inflammation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/allicin-may-have-potential-attenuate-intestinal-inflammation PMID:  Clin Nutr. 2004 Oct ;23(5):1199-208. PMID: 15380914 Abstract Title:  Allicin inhibits spontaneous and TNF-alpha induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines from intestinal epithelial cells. Abstract:  BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Allicin, the active substance of fresh crushed garlic has different biological activities and was implicated as an anti-inflammatory agent. Epithelial cells have an important role in intestinal inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess the immunomodulatory effect of allicin on intestinal epithelial cells.METHODS: The spontaneous and TNF-alpha-stimulated secretion of IL-1beta, IL-8, IP-10 and MIG from HT-29 and Caco-2 cells was tested with, or without pretreatment with allicin. Cytokine secretion was assessed using ELISA and expression of mRNA was determined by an RNA protection assay.RESULTS: Allicin markedly inhibited the spontaneous and TNF-alpha -induced secretion of IL-1beta, IL-8, IP-10 and MIG from the two different cell lines in a dose-dependent manner and suppressed the expression of IL-8 and IL-1beta mRNA levels. In addition, allicin suppressed the degradation of IkappaB. No effect on cell viability was noted.CONCLUSIONS: These observations indicate that allicin exerts an inhibitory immunomodulatory effect on intestinal epithelial cells and suggest that allicin may have the potential to attenuate intestinal inflammation. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/allicin-may-have-potential-attenuate-intestinal-inflammation" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/allicin-may-have-potential-attenuate-intestinal-inflammation#comments Allicin Gastrointestinal Inflammation Anti-Inflammatory Agents Interleukin-1 beta downregulation Interleukin-8 downregulation Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor In Vitro Study Wed, 28 Feb 2018 00:37:51 +0000 greenmedinfo 160501 at https://greenmedinfo.com Altered gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in Parkinson's disease. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/altered-gut-microbiota-and-intestinal-permeability-parkinsons-disease PMID:  Neurosci Lett. 2019 Sep 24 ;712:134516. Epub 2019 Sep 24. PMID: 31560998 Abstract Title:  Altered gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in Parkinson&#039;s disease: Pathological highlight to management. Abstract:  Parkinson&#039;s disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 3.7% of the population over 65 years of age. PD involves degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPC) with deficiency of dopamine. Genetic factors like SNCA, PARK-2, PARK-7, PINK-1 and LRRK-2 as well as environmental toxins enhance alpha-synuclein, amyloidβ (beta) and τ (tau) proteins aggregation. Moreover, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctioning, neuroinflammation, prion like phenomena, excitotoxicity, mutations etc are known to cause pathological insult in PD. Recently, facts indicates strong correlation between gut-brain axis and PD. Thecommunication between the gastrointestinal system (GIT) and central nervous system is bidirectional and it is hypothesized that PD arises in the gut and spreads to brain via vagus nerve that helps to propagate the alpha-synuclein that target brain. The Lewy bodies are found in olfactory bulb, dorsalmotor vagal nerve and the ENS of the gut indicate peripheral and central correlation. The alteration of gut microbial flora leads to GIT disturbance which cause neuroinflammation by prion alpha-synuclein expression and produces PD like symptoms. Persistent gut inflammation with spontaneous neuroinflammation is yet need to confirm but increased intestinal permeability and disrupt function of GIT is known to produce non-motor symptoms of PD. The present review is aimed to explore mechanistic approach for gut associated PD symptoms as well as use of probiotics and prebiotics as therapeutic approach to retain gut microbial flora and prevent PD like symptoms. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/altered-gut-microbiota-and-intestinal-permeability-parkinsons-disease" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/altered-gut-microbiota-and-intestinal-permeability-parkinsons-disease#comments Brain Inflammation Dysbiosis Gastrointestinal Inflammation Parkinson's Disease Gut-brain Axis Review Tue, 08 Oct 2019 21:26:51 +0000 greenmedinfo 198462 at https://greenmedinfo.com Anethole attenuates enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced intestinal barrier disruption and intestinal inflammation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/anethole-attenuates-enterotoxigenic-escherichia-coli-induced-intestinal-barrie PMID:  Front Microbiol. 2021 ;12:647242. Epub 2021 Mar 25. PMID: 33841372 Abstract Title:  Anethole Attenuates EnterotoxigenicInduced Intestinal Barrier Disruption and Intestinal Inflammation via Modification of TLR Signaling and Intestinal Microbiota. Abstract:  This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary anethole supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal barrier function, inflammatory response, and intestinal microbiota of piglets challenged with enterotoxigenicK88. Thirty-six weaned piglets (24±1 days old) were randomly allocated into four treatment groups: (1) sham challenge (CON); (2)K88 challenge (ETEC); (3)K88 challenge + antibiotics (ATB); and (4)K88 challenge + anethole (AN). On day 12, the piglets in the ETEC, ATB, and AN group were challenged with 10 mLK88 (5×10CFU/mL), whereas the piglets in the CON group were orally injected with 10 mL nutrient broth. On day 19, all the piglets were euthanized for sample collection. The results showed that the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was increased in theK88-challenged piglets, which was reversed by the administration of antibiotics or anethole (<p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/anethole-attenuates-enterotoxigenic-escherichia-coli-induced-intestinal-barrie" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/anethole-attenuates-enterotoxigenic-escherichia-coli-induced-intestinal-barrie#comments Escherichia coli Infections Flavonoids Gastrointestinal Inflammation Anti-Inflammatory Agents Gastroprotective Animal Study Tue, 28 Nov 2023 04:47:59 +0000 greenmedinfo 283949 at https://greenmedinfo.com Anti-colonic inflammation by black raspberries. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/anti-colonic-inflammation-black-raspberries PMID:  J Cancer Prev. 2020 Jun 30 ;25(2):119-125. PMID: 32647653 Abstract Title:  Anti-colonic Inflammation by Black Raspberries through Regulating Toll-like Receptor-4 Signaling in Interlukin-10 Knockout Mice. Abstract:  Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, with a steadily rising prevalence in Western and newly industrialized countries. UC patients have a cancer incidence as high as 10% after 20 years of the disease. Although the importance of fruits and vegetables in defense against UC is beginning to be appreciated, the mechanisms remain largely unclear. In the current study, we reported that dietary black raspberries (BRBs) decreased colonic inflammation in the mucosa and submucosa of interleukin (IL)-10 knockout (KO) mice. We then used colon, spleen, and plasma from those mice to investigate whether BRBs exert their anti-inflammatory effects by correcting dysregulated toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 signaling to downregulate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Other studies reported that spleen is the reservoir of macrophages and depletion of macrophages in IL-10 KO mice prevents the development of colitis. Our results showed that BRBs decreased the percentages of macrophages in spleens of IL-10 KO mice. Moreover, mechanistically, the BRB diet corrected dysregulated TLR-4 signaling in cells from the colon and spleen, decreased PGE2 and prostaglandin I2, and increased 15-lipoxygenase and its product, 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, in plasma of IL-10 KO mice. Therefore, we have elucidated one of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of BRBs, and have identified biomarkers that could be indicators of response in UC patients treated with them. Our findings with BRBs could well apply to many other commonly consumed fruits and vegetables. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/anti-colonic-inflammation-black-raspberries" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/anti-colonic-inflammation-black-raspberries#comments Black Raspberry Gastrointestinal Inflammation Anti-Inflammatory Agents Postaglandin PGE2 downregulation Animal Study Fri, 24 Jul 2020 19:31:59 +0000 greenmedinfo 224126 at https://greenmedinfo.com