Mercury Poisoning https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/3245/all en Chlorella suppresses methylmercury transfer to the fetus in pregnant mice and prevents its accumulation in the mother's brain. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/chlorella-suppresses-methylmercury-transfer-fetus-pregnant-mice-and-prevents-i PMID:  J Toxicol Sci. 2011 ;36(5):675-80. PMID: 22008543 Abstract Title:  Chlorella suppresses methylmercury transfer to the fetus in pregnant mice. Abstract:  To investigate the effects of chlorella on methylmercury (MeHg) transfer to the fetus during pregnancy, female C57BL/6N mice (aged 10 weeks) were housed for 7 to 8 weeks, from 4 weeks before mating to birth, with diets containing 0% or 10% chlorella powder (CP) and MeHg-containing drinking water (2 µg Hg/ml). The consumption volume of the MeHg-containing water was limited to 15 ml/mouse/week throughout the experiment. Distilled water and a basal diet (0% CP) was given to control mice. Except for the mating period, during the 5(th) week, mice were housed individually until parturition. Two neonates were randomly selected from each mother mouse within 24 hr after parturition for Hg analysis of the blood, brain, liver, and kidneys. Mother mice were sacrificed on the same day as neonates to obtain tissue samples for Hg analysis. The blood and brain Hg levels of both neonates and mothers in the CP diet group were significantly lower than those in the basal diet group. Although the hepatic and renal Hg levels were not significant in mothers between the two dietary groups, in neonates, the CP diet group showed significantly lower Hg levels in these tissues than the basal diet group. The results obtained here revealed that continuous CP intake suppressed MeHg transfer to the fetus, in addition to effective suppressing MeHg accumulation in brains of the mothers. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/chlorella-suppresses-methylmercury-transfer-fetus-pregnant-mice-and-prevents-i#comments Chlorella (Algae) Mercury Poisoning Prenatal Chemical Exposures Prenatal Nutrition: Learning/Intelligence of Offspring Animal Study Tue, 15 Nov 2011 22:38:15 +0000 greenmedinfo 69901 at https://greenmedinfo.com "Mercury exposure and risks from dental amalgam in the US population, post-2000." https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mercury-exposure-and-risks-dental-amalgam-us-population-post-2000 PMID:  Sci Total Environ. 2011 Sep 15 ;409(20):4257-68. Epub 2011 Jul 22. PMID: 21782213 Abstract Title:  Mercury exposure and risks from dental amalgam in the US population, post-2000. Abstract:  Dental amalgam is 50% metallic mercury (Hg) by weight and Hg vapour continuously evolves from in-place dental amalgam, causing increased Hg content with increasing amalgam load in urine, faeces, exhaled breath, saliva, blood, and various organs and tissues including the kidney, pituitary gland, liver, and brain. The Hg content also increases with maternal amalgam load in amniotic fluid, placenta, cord blood, meconium, various foetal tissues including liver, kidney and brain, in colostrum and breast milk. Based on 2001 to 2004 population statistics, 181.1 million Americans carry a grand total of 1.46 billion restored teeth. Children as young as 26 months were recorded as having restored teeth. Past dental practice and recently available data indicate that the majority of these restorations are composed of dental amalgam. Employing recent US population-based statistics on body weight and the frequency of dentally restored tooth surfaces, and recent research on the incremental increase in urinary Hg concentration per amalgam-filled tooth surface, estimates of Hg exposure from amalgam fillings were determined for 5 age groups of the US population. Three specific exposure scenarios were considered, each scenario incrementally reducing the number of tooth surfaces assumed to be restored with amalgam. Based on the least conservative of the scenarios evaluated, it was estimated that some 67.2 million Americans would exceed the Hg dose associated with the reference exposure level (REL) of 0.3μg/m(3) established by the US Environmental Protection Agency; and 122.3 million Americans would exceed the dose associated with the REL of 0.03 μg/m(3) established by the California Environmental Protection Agency. Exposure estimates are consistent with previous estimates presented by Health Canada in 1995, and amount to 0.2 to 0.4 μg/day per amalgam-filled tooth surface, or 0.5 to 1 μg/day/amalgam-filled tooth, depending on age and other factors. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mercury-exposure-and-risks-dental-amalgam-us-population-post-2000#comments Mercury Poisoning Dental Amalgams Mercury Review Mon, 09 Jul 2012 14:48:10 +0000 greenmedinfo 78317 at https://greenmedinfo.com 2001: Depending on the immunization schedule, vaccine formulation, and infant weight, cumulative exposure of infants to mercury from thimerosal during the first 6 months of life may exceed EPA guidelines. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/2001-depending-immunization-schedule-vaccine-formulation-and-infant-weight-cum PMID:  Pediatrics. 2001 May;107(5):1147-54. PMID: 11331700 Abstract Title:  An assessment of thimerosal use in childhood vaccines. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: On July 7, 1999, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the US Public Health Service issued a joint statement calling for removal of thimerosal, a mercury-containing preservative, from vaccines. This action was prompted in part by a risk assessment from the Food and Drug Administration that is presented here.METHODS: The risk assessment consisted of hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. The literature was reviewed to identify known toxicity of thimerosal, ethylmercury (a metabolite of thimerosal) and methylmercury (a similar organic mercury compound) and to determine the doses at which toxicity occurs. Maximal potential exposure to mercury from vaccines was calculated for children at 6 months old and 2 years, under the US childhood immunization schedule, and compared with the limits for mercury exposure developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry, the Food and Drug Administration, and the World Health Organization.RESULTS: Delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions from thimerosal exposure are well-recognized. Identified acute toxicity from inadvertent high-dose exposure to thimerosal includes neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Limited data on toxicity from low-dose exposures to ethylmercury are available, but toxicity may be similar to that of methylmercury. Chronic, low-dose methylmercury exposure may cause subtle neurologic abnormalities. Depending on the immunization schedule, vaccine formulation, and infant weight, cumulative exposure of infants to mercury from thimerosal during the first 6 months of life may exceed EPA guidelines.CONCLUSION: Our review revealed no evidence of harm caused by doses of thimerosal in vaccines, except for local hypersensitivity reactions. However, some infants may be exposed to cumulative levels of mercury during the first 6 months of life that exceed EPA recommendations. Exposure of infants to mercury in vaccines can be reduced or eliminated by using products formulated without thimerosal as a preservative. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/2001-depending-immunization-schedule-vaccine-formulation-and-infant-weight-cum#comments Infant Chemical Exposures Mercury Poisoning Thimerosal Human Study Thu, 06 Jan 2011 23:01:51 +0000 greenmedinfo 60139 at https://greenmedinfo.com A comprehensive analysis is included on the comordities of autism and their corresponding analogs due to mercury exposure. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/comprehensive-analysis-included-comordities-autism-and-their-corresponding-ana PMID:  Med Hypotheses. 2001 Apr ;56(4):462-71. PMID: 11339848 Abstract Title:  Autism: a novel form of mercury poisoning. Abstract:  Autism is a syndrome characterized by impairments in social relatedness and communication, repetitive behaviors, abnormal movements, and sensory dysfunction. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that autism may affect 1 in 150 US children. Exposure to mercury can cause immune, sensory, neurological, motor, and behavioral dysfunctions similar to traits defining or associated with autism, and the similarities extend to neuroanatomy, neurotransmitters, and biochemistry. Thimerosal, a preservative added to many vaccines, has become a major source of mercury in children who, within their first two years, may have received a quantity of mercury that exceeds safety guidelines. A review of medical literature and US government data suggests that: (i) many cases of idiopathic autism are induced by early mercury exposure from thimerosal; (ii) this type of autism represents an unrecognized mercurial syndrome; and (iii) genetic and non-genetic factors establish a predisposition whereby thimerosal&#039;s adverse effects occur only in some children. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/comprehensive-analysis-included-comordities-autism-and-their-corresponding-ana#comments Autism Spectrum Disorders Mercury Poisoning Mercury Thimerosal Elevated Hg Body Burden Ethylmercury Methylmercury Review Fri, 10 Apr 2015 01:03:28 +0000 greenmedinfo 116763 at https://greenmedinfo.com A review of human exposure to mercury and its hematological effects. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-human-exposure-mercury-and-its-hematological-effects n/a PMID:  Cad Saude Publica. 2019 Feb 11 ;35(2):e00091618. Epub 2019 Feb 11. PMID: 30758455 Abstract Title:  Human exposure to mercury and its hematological effects: a systematic review. Abstract:  Mercury is a metal found in the environment from natural and anthropogenic sources. It is highly toxic to ecosystems and living beings. Most human exposures come from ingestion of contaminated seafood, outgassing from dental amalgam or occupational exposure (e.g. gold mining), among other cases. Large populations are exposed to mercury, making it a very important issue from the public health perspective. Adverse health effects are commonly seen in the nervous system, but every organ is a potential target, such as the bone marrow. The main goal of this study was to assess the available evidence on human exposure to mercury and its hematological effects. A search strategy was constructed, including key terms (MeSH, text word and equivalents) for querying 2 repositories of master dissertation and PhD thesis (Fiocruz/ARCA and University of São Paulo) and 4 different electronic databases: BVS/LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus and TOXLINE/NIH, for articles published from 1950 to February 2018. There was no language restriction and a tool (EPHPP) was used to assess the quality of included studies. According to pre-established criteria, 80 studies were retrieved, all of them observational (48 case reports, 24 cross-sectional, 6 case series and 2 cohorts), comprising 9,284 people. Despite the fact that most exposed ones (6,012) had normal blood cell count and mercury hematological effects did not seem very usual (1,914 cases: 14 severeand 29 deaths), three studies reported association (β) for anemia, lymphopenia, neutrophilia and basophilia. We concluded that the gathered information pointed to mercury hematotoxic effects, some of them may be serious and even fatal. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-human-exposure-mercury-and-its-hematological-effects#comments Mercury Poisoning Mercury Review Sat, 16 Feb 2019 05:19:45 +0000 greenmedinfo 179855 at https://greenmedinfo.com A review of the retention time of inorganic mercury in the brain. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-retention-time-inorganic-mercury-brain PMID:  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2014 Feb 1 ;274(3):425-35. Epub 2013 Dec 22. PMID: 24368178 Abstract Title:  The retention time of inorganic mercury in the brain--a systematic review of the evidence. Abstract:  Reports from human case studies indicate a half-life for inorganic mercury in the brain in the order of years-contradicting older radioisotope studies that estimated half-lives in the order of weeks to months in duration. This study systematically reviews available evidence on the retention time of inorganic mercury in humans and primates to better understand this conflicting evidence. A broad search strategy was used to capture 16,539 abstracts on the Pubmed database. Abstracts were screened to include only study types containing relevant information. 131 studies of interest were identified. Only 1 primate study made a numeric estimate for the half-life of inorganic mercury (227-540 days). Eighteen human mercury poisoning cases were followed up long term including autopsy. Brain inorganic mercury concentrations at death were consistent with a half-life of several years or longer. 5 radionucleotide studies were found, one of which estimated head half-life (21 days). This estimate has sometimes been misinterpreted to be equivalent to brain half-life-which ignores several confounding factors including limited radioactive half-life and radioactive decay from surrounding tissues including circulating blood. No autopsy cohort study estimated a half-life for inorganic mercury, although some noted bioaccumulation of brain mercury with age. Modelling studies provided some extreme estimates (69 days vs 22 years). Estimates from modelling studies appear sensitive to model assumptions, however predications based on a long half-life (27.4 years) are consistent with autopsy findings. In summary, shorter estimates of half-life are not supported by evidence from animal studies, human case studies, or modelling studies based on appropriate assumptions. Evidence from such studies point to a half-life of inorganic mercury in human brains of several years to several decades. This finding carries important implications for pharmcokinetic modelling of mercury and potentially for the regulatory toxicology of mercury. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-retention-time-inorganic-mercury-brain" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-retention-time-inorganic-mercury-brain#comments Mercury Poisoning Mercury Thimerosal Review Sat, 23 Feb 2019 02:06:56 +0000 greenmedinfo 180121 at https://greenmedinfo.com A series of case studies demonstrate that thimerosal exposure is a major contributing factor to the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/series-case-studies-demonstrate-thimerosal-exposure-major-contributing-factor- PMID:  J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007 May 15;70(10):837-51. PMID: 17454560 Abstract Title:  A case series of children with apparent mercury toxic encephalopathies manifesting with clinical symptoms of regressive autistic disorders. Abstract:  Impairments in social relatedness and communication, repetitive behaviors, and stereotypic abnormal movement patterns characterize autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). It is clear that while genetic factors are important to the pathogenesis of ASDs, mercury exposure can induce immune, sensory, neurological, motor, and behavioral dysfunctions similar to traits defining or associated with ASDs. The Institutional Review Board of the Institute for Chronic Illnesses (Office for Human Research Protections, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, IRB number IRB00005375) approved the present study. A case series of nine patients who presented to the Genetic Centers of America for a genetic/developmental evaluation are discussed. Eight of nine patients (one patient was found to have an ASD due to Rett&#039;s syndrome) (a) had regressive ASDs; (b) had elevated levels of androgens; (c) excreted significant amounts of mercury post chelation challenge; (d) had biochemical evidence of decreased function in their glutathione pathways; (e) had no known significant mercury exposure except from Thimerosal-containing vaccines/Rho(D)-immune globulin preparations; and (f) had alternate causes for their regressive ASDs ruled out. There was a significant dose-response relationship between the severity of the regressive ASDs observed and the total mercury dose children received from Thimerosal-containing vaccines/Rho (D)-immune globulin preparations. Based upon differential diagnoses, 8 of 9 patients examined were exposed to significant mercury from Thimerosal-containing biologic/vaccine preparations during their fetal/infant developmental periods, and subsequently, between 12 and 24 mo of age, these previously normally developing children suffered mercury toxic encephalopathies that manifested with clinical symptoms consistent with regressive ASDs. Evidence for mercury intoxication should be considered in the differential diagnosis as contributing to some regressive ASDs. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/series-case-studies-demonstrate-thimerosal-exposure-major-contributing-factor-#comments Autism Spectrum Disorders Mercury Poisoning Neurodegenerative Diseases Neurotoxic Thimerosal Human: Case Report Thu, 06 Jan 2011 23:22:50 +0000 greenmedinfo 60145 at https://greenmedinfo.com Acetyl-11-keto-beta boswellic acid mediated neuroprotection in methyl mercury-induced experimental model of ALS. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic-acid-mediated-neuroprotection-methyl-mercury-ind PMID:  Neurochem Res. 2021 Jun 1. Epub 2021 Jun 1. PMID: 34075522 Abstract Title:  Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Activator Acetyl-11-keto-beta Boswellic Acid (AKBA)-Mediated Neuroprotection in Methyl Mercury-Induced Experimental Model of ALS. Abstract:  Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxin that causes neurotoxicity and neuronal cell death. MeHg exposure also leads to oligodendrocyte destruction, glial cell overactivation, and demyelination of motor neurons in the motor cortex and spinal cord. As a result, MeHg plays an important role in the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-like neurocomplications. ALS is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder in which neuroinflammation is the leading cause of further CNS demyelination. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway was thought to be a potential target for neuroprotection in ALS. Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) is a multi-component pentacyclic triterpenoid mixture derived from Boswellia serrata with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The research aimed to investigate whether AKBA, as a Nrf2 / HO-1 activator, can provide protection against ALS. Thus, we explored the role of AKBA on the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in a MeHg-induced experimental ALS model. In this study, ALS was induced in Wistar rats by oralgavage of MeHg 5 mg/kg for 21 days. An open field test, force swim test, and grip strength were performed to observe experimental rats&#039; motor coordination behaviors. In contrast, a morris water maze was performed for learning and memory. Administration of AKBA 50 mg/kg and AKBA 100 mg/kg continued from day 22 to 42. Neurochemical parameters were evaluated in the rat&#039;s brain homogenate. In the meantime, post-treatment with AKBA significantly improved behavioral, neurochemical, and gross pathological characteristics in the brain of rats by increasing the amount of Nrf2/HO-1 in brain tissue.Collectively, our findings indicated that AKBA could potentially avoid demyelination and encourage remyelination. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic-acid-mediated-neuroprotection-methyl-mercury-ind" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic-acid-mediated-neuroprotection-methyl-mercury-ind#comments acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mercury Poisoning Antioxidants Heme oxygenase-1 up-regulation Mercury Neuroprotective Agents Nrf2 activation Methylmercury Remyelination In Vitro Study Tue, 15 Jun 2021 19:33:49 +0000 greenmedinfo 241285 at https://greenmedinfo.com Administration of the herbal extracts and mixture with probiotics can enhance the body defense and contain protective factor against mercury neurotoxicity. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/administration-herbal-extracts-and-mixture-probiotics-can-enhance-body-defense PMID:  Toxicol Rep. 2018 ;5:1069-1077. Epub 2018 Oct 27. PMID: 30425928 Abstract Title:  Consolidating probiotic with dandelion, coriander and date palm seeds extracts against mercury neurotoxicity and for maintaining normal testosterone levels in male rats. Abstract:  Objective: Heavy metals are major elements polluting our universe. The inhalation, ingestion or even contacting human body with these elements results in huge health problems. The most common pollutant in our surrounding is mercury. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidating the protective ability of hot water extracts of dandelion (DA), coriander (CO), date palm seeds (DS), probiotic supernatant (PS) and their combined mixture against mercury-induced neurotoxicity and altered testosterone levels in male rats.Methods: Fifty six male rats were randomly allotted into seven groups (n = 8 rats/group). Group1 (negative control; NC) animals were fed on the basal diet only, group2 (positive controls; PC) animals were fed on the basal diet and given an aqueous solution of mercuric chloride (25 ppm mercuric) in drinking water. Animals of the antioxidant-treated groups (3-7) were fed on the basal diet and given an aqueous solution of mercuric chloride (25 ppm mercuric) in drinking water together with the herbal antioxidant extracts and probiotics (25 ml/rat/day) throughout the experimental period. Where, group3 (Hg/CO) given coriander extract, group4 (Hg/DA) given dandelion extract, group5 (Hg/DS) given date palm seeds extract, group6 (Hg/PS) given probiotic supernatant, and group7 (Hg/Mix) given mixture of equal quantities of probiotic supernatant together with the three herbal extracts. The treatment lasted for 6 weeks, animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected. Blood testosterone, enzyme activity and histopathological sections were performed.Results: The obtained data exhibited that mercury intoxication revealed increases of lactic dehydrogenase and decreases of glutathione-s-transferase and testosterone. Light microscopic investigations of the brain cortex and cerebellum were suggestive of multiple foci of inflammation, cellular infiltration, gliosis and degeneration. Moreover, decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity and potential astrocyte toxicity both reflected impaired neuro-protective function of astrocytes necessary for maintaining the brain structure and function.Conclusion: Administration of the herbal extracts and their mixture with probiotics enhance the body defense and contain protective factor against mercury neurotoxicity and for maintaining normal testosterone levels in male rats. Also, treatment restored the normal control levels of biochemical attributes and histological architecture. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/administration-herbal-extracts-and-mixture-probiotics-can-enhance-body-defense" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/administration-herbal-extracts-and-mixture-probiotics-can-enhance-body-defense#comments Cilantro Dandelion Date Seeds Mercury Poisoning Probiotics Mercury Neuroprotective Agents Animal Study Sat, 01 Dec 2018 20:53:39 +0000 greenmedinfo 174906 at https://greenmedinfo.com Adverse effects of methylmercury on gut bacteria and accelerated accumulation of mercury in organs due to disruption of gut microbiota. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/adverse-effects-methylmercury-gut-bacteria-and-accelerated-accumulation-mercur PMID:  J Toxicol Sci. 2021 ;46(2):91-97. PMID: 33536393 Abstract Title:  Adverse effects of methylmercury on gut bacteria and accelerated accumulation of mercury in organs due to disruption of gut microbiota. Abstract:  Methylmercury (MeHg), an environmental electrophile, binds covalently to the cysteine residues of proteins in organs, altering protein function and causing cytotoxicity. MeHg has also been shown to alter the composition of gut microbes. The gut microbiota is a complex community, the disturbance of which has been linked to the development of certain diseases. However, the relationship between MeHg and gut bacteria remains poorly understood. In this study, we showed that MeHg binds covalently to gut bacterial proteins via cysteine residues. We examined the effects of MeHg on the growth of selected Lactobacillus species, namely, L. reuteri, L. gasseri, L. casei, and L. acidophilus, that are frequently either positively or negatively correlated with human diseases. The results revealed that MeHg inhibits the growth of Lactobacillus to varying degrees depending on the species. Furthermore, the growth of L. reuteri, which was inhibited by MeHg exposure, was restored by NaStreatment. By comparing mice with and without gut microbiota colonization, we found that gut bacteria contribute to the production of reactive sulfur species such as hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen persulfide in the gut. We also discovered that the removal of gut bacteria accelerated accumulation of mercury in the cerebellum, liver, and lungs of mice subsequent to MeHg exposure. These results accordingly indicate that MeHg is captured and inactivated by the hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen persulfide produced by intestinal microbes, thereby providing evidence for the role played by gut microbiota in reducing MeHg toxicity. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/adverse-effects-methylmercury-gut-bacteria-and-accelerated-accumulation-mercur" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/adverse-effects-methylmercury-gut-bacteria-and-accelerated-accumulation-mercur#comments Dysbiosis Mercury Poisoning Mercury Risk Factors Animal Study Sun, 07 Mar 2021 18:52:10 +0000 greenmedinfo 235889 at https://greenmedinfo.com African-American Autism and Vaccines: RFK Jr. https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/african-american-autism-and-vaccines-rfk-jr <div class="copyright">This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2015<br/><strong><a href="/greenmedinfocom-re-post-guidelines">Visit our Re-post guidelines</a></strong></div><p class="rtecenter"><img alt="African-American Autism and Vaccines: RFK Jr. " src="//cdn.greenmedinfo.com/sites/default/files/ckeditor/Sayer Ji/images/Robert_Kennedy_Jr__speech_1.jpg" style="height: 400px; width: 600px;" /></p> <p class="rtecenter">Originally published on <strong><a href="http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2015/jul/09/african-american-autism-and-vaccines/" target="_blank">Amsterdam News</a></strong>. Republished with RFK Jr.'s permission</p> <p><strong><em><span style="font-size:18px;">By&nbsp;concealing the link between vaccines and autism in African-American boys, the CDC had once again violated that public trust.</span></em></strong></p><p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/african-american-autism-and-vaccines-rfk-jr" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/african-american-autism-and-vaccines-rfk-jr#comments Autism Autism Spectrum Disorders Mercury Poisoning Vaccine-induced Toxicity Thimerosal Vaccination: Mumps-Measles-Rubella (MMR) Vaccine Effects Vaccine Information Center Vaccine Rights Sun, 12 Jul 2015 01:25:28 +0000 RFK 118949 at https://greenmedinfo.com Alkyl mercury-induced toxicity: multiple mechanisms of action. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/alkyl-mercury-induced-toxicity-multiple-mechanisms-action PMID:  Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 2017;240:105-149. PMID: 27161558 Abstract Title:  Alkyl Mercury-Induced Toxicity: Multiple Mechanisms of Action. Abstract:  There are a number of mechanisms by which alkylmercury compounds cause toxic action in the body. Collectively, published studies reveal that there are some similarities between the mechanisms of the toxic action of the mono-alkyl mercury compounds methylmercury (MeHg) and ethylmercury (EtHg). This paper represents a summary of some of the studies regarding these mechanisms of action in order to facilitate the understanding of the many varied effects of alkylmercurials in the human body. The similarities in mechanisms of toxicity for MeHg and EtHg are presented and compared. The difference in manifested toxicity of MeHg and EtHg are likely the result of the differences in exposure, metabolism, and elimination from the body, rather than differences in mechanisms of action between the two. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/alkyl-mercury-induced-toxicity-multiple-mechanisms-action" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/alkyl-mercury-induced-toxicity-multiple-mechanisms-action#comments Mercury Poisoning Oxidative Stress Mercury Review Sat, 23 Feb 2019 02:19:47 +0000 greenmedinfo 180122 at https://greenmedinfo.com Alpha-lipoic acid could attenuate MeHg-induced neuronal toxicity via its antioxidant properties in primary cultured neurons. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/alpha-lipoic-acid-could-attenuate-mehg-induced-neuronal-toxicity-its-antioxida PMID:  Free Radic Res. 2016 Mar 17:1-15. Epub 2016 Mar 17. PMID: 26986620 Abstract Title:  Protective effects of Alpha-lipoic acid on MeHg-induced oxidative damage and intracellular Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis in primary cultured neurons. Abstract:  Methylmercury (MeHg) is one of the ubiquitous environmental toxicant that leads to long-lasting neurological deficits in animals and humans. However, the mechanisms of MeHg-induced neuronal cell death are incompletely understood. Treatment of neuronal cells with MeHg (0-2 μM) for 0.5-12 h, or pretreated with LA (12.5-100 μM) for 0.5-6 h resulted in toxic effects of primary cultured neurons concentration- and time-dependently. For further experiments, 12.5, 25, and 50 μM of LA pretreatment for 3 h followed by 1 μM MeHg for 6 h were performed for the examination of the responses of neurons. Exposure of MeHg resulted in damages of neurons, which were shown by a loss of cell viability, and supported by high levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, apoptosis, and morphological changes. In addition, neurons were sensitive to MeHg-mediated oxidative stress, a finding that is consistent with ROS over-production, leading to decrease Ca(2+)-ATPase activity and increase intracellular free calcium. Moreover, expressions of NMDA receptor subunits in neurons were down-regulated after MeHg exposure, and expression of NR2A mRNA and protein weremuch more sensitive to MeHg than those of NR1 and NR2B. On the contrary, pretreatment with LA presented a concentration-dependent prevention against MeHg-mediated cytotoxic effects of neurons. In conclusion, present results showed that oxidative stress and intracellular Ca(2+ )dyshomeostasis resulting from MeHg exposure contributed to neuronal injury. LA could attenuate MeHg-induced neuronal toxicity via its antioxidant properties in primary cultured neurons. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/alpha-lipoic-acid-could-attenuate-mehg-induced-neuronal-toxicity-its-antioxida#comments Alpha-Lipoic Acid Mercury Poisoning Oxidative Stress Antioxidants Neuroprotective Agents In Vitro Study Mon, 21 Mar 2016 21:31:07 +0000 greenmedinfo 125027 at https://greenmedinfo.com Amalgam-filled tooth surfaces was significantly correlated with urinary mercury concentrations in children. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/amalgam-filled-tooth-surfaces-was-significantly-correlated-urinary-mercury-con PMID:  Int Dent J. 2016 Jun ;66(3):136-43. Epub 2016 Feb 1. PMID: 26833490 Abstract Title:  Dental amalgam exposure can elevate urinary mercury concentrations in children. Abstract:  OBJECTIVES: Owing to its cost-effectiveness and operative convenience, dental amalgam remains in use as a restorative material for tooth caries in children in many countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dental amalgam exposure and urinary mercury (U-Hg) concentrations in children.METHODS: In this longitudinal study, 463, 367 and 348 children, 8-11 years of age, were evaluated at baseline, and at the first and second follow-up visits, respectively. The interval between each survey was 6 months. For the oral examination and urine sample, the amalgam-filled tooth surface (TS), and U-Hg and creatinine concentrations of participants were determined, and the cumulative amalgam-filled TS and cumulative creatinine-adjusted U-Hg were calculated. To assess potential covariates, socio-demographic factors, oral health behaviour and dietary factors were surveyed by questionnaire. Data were analysed by the t-test, correlation analysis and mixed-model analysis. The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 18.0.RESULTS: Children with more than one amalgam-filled TS exhibited significantly higher creatinine-adjusted U-Hg concentrations than those without, in all three survey periods (P <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/amalgam-filled-tooth-surfaces-was-significantly-correlated-urinary-mercury-con" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/amalgam-filled-tooth-surfaces-was-significantly-correlated-urinary-mercury-con#comments Mercury Poisoning Dental Amalgams Human Study Tue, 14 Feb 2017 23:08:42 +0000 greenmedinfo 143545 at https://greenmedinfo.com An investigation of porphyrinuria in Australian children with autism. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/investigation-porphyrinuria-australian-children-autism PMID:  J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2008 ;71(20):1349-51. PMID: 18704827 Abstract Title:  An investigation of porphyrinuria in Australian children with autism. Abstract:  Two recent studies, from France (Nataf et al., 2006) and the United States (Geier&amp;Geier, 2007), identified atypical urinary porphyrin profiles in children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These profiles serve as an indirect measure of environmental toxicity generally, and mercury (Hg) toxicity specifically, with the latter being a variable proposed as a causal mechanism of ASD (Bernard et al., 2001; Mutter et al., 2005). To examine whether this phenomenon occurred in a sample of Australian children with ASD, an analysis of urinary porphyrin profiles was conducted. A consistent trend in abnormal porphyrin levels was evidenced when data was compared with those previously reported in the literature. The results are suggestive of environmental toxic exposure impairing heme synthesis. Three independent studies from three continents have now demonstrated that porphyrinuria is concomitant with ASD, and that Hg may be a likely xenobiotic to produce porphyrin profiles of this nature. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/investigation-porphyrinuria-australian-children-autism" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/investigation-porphyrinuria-australian-children-autism#comments Autism Spectrum Disorders Mercury Poisoning Human Study Sat, 23 Feb 2019 01:03:03 +0000 greenmedinfo 180110 at https://greenmedinfo.com