Nutritional Deficiencies https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/33946/all en Home fortification of complementary foods using spirulina during the first 1000 days improved development among Zambian children at preschool age. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/home-fortification-complementary-foods-using-spirulina-during-first-1000-days- PMID:  Nutrients. 2019 Mar 29 ;11(4). Epub 2019 Mar 29. PMID: 30934863 Abstract Title:  Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Usingduring the First 1000 Days is Positively Associated with Development in Children under Five Years: A Follow up of A Randomized Trial in Zambia. Abstract:  Early childhood development relies on various micronutrients. We recently reported that home fortification of complementary foods using spirulina reduced the time to attain motor milestones in Zambian infants. The objective of this study is to estimate the long-term associations between spirulina supplementation during the first 1000 days and child gross motor development, fine motor development, language, and personal⁻social skills at preschool age. We used longitudinal data from a randomized trial conducted in Zambia. In 2015, 501 infants (age, 6⁻18 months) were provided daily supplements of maize-soy-based porridge with spirulina (SP) and without spirulina (CON). Supplementation period lasted for 16 months. In January 2018, children who participated in the initial trial were resurveyed (CON: 182 children; SP: 188 children; now aged 36⁻48 months). We assessed the infants&#039; gross motor development, fine motor development, language, and personal⁻social skills using a modified version of Malawi Development Assessment Tool. The initial clinical trial registration number was NCT03523182. Children in the SP group had higher scores in gross and fine motor development, language, and social skills than those in the CON group. Home fortification of complementary foods using spirulina during the first 1000 days improved development among Zambian children at preschool age. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/home-fortification-complementary-foods-using-spirulina-during-first-1000-days-" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/home-fortification-complementary-foods-using-spirulina-during-first-1000-days-#comments Nutritional Deficiencies Porridge Spirulina Human Study Tue, 05 Nov 2019 00:22:13 +0000 greenmedinfo 200968 at https://greenmedinfo.com Inadequate nutritional intake, weight and BMI have a significant impact on sickle cell disease severity indices. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/inadequate-nutritional-intake-weight-and-bmi-have-significant-impact-sickle-ce PMID:  Nutr J. 2016 ;15(1):46. Epub 2016 Apr 30. PMID: 27130184 Abstract Title:  Effects of nutritional intake on disease severity in children with sickle cell disease. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Children with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) may show growth failure in comparison to healthy peers. Many factors as hematological status, endocrine and/or metabolic dysfunction, and nutritional status, may play an important role in growth failure. The aim of this study was to assess whether impaired growth and nutritional intake can affect SCD severity during childhood.METHODS: We conducted an observational study on children with SCD referring to our clinic for routine follow-up visits in a 6-month period. We collected information on weight, height and body mass index (BMI) and calculated their respective standardized scores (z). The nutritional intake was assessed through the last 24-h recall intake of total calories, macro- (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) and micronutrients (calcium, iron, phosphorus, vitamins B1, PP, A, C, B2). Disease severity was assessed through total hemoglobin (Hb) and fetal hemoglobin (HbF), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and through the total number and days of hospitalizations, as well as the lifetime episodes of acute chest syndrome (ACS).RESULTS: Twenty nine children (14 males, 15 females) with SCD were enrolled; their mean age was 9.95 years (SD 3.50, min 3.72, max 17.18). Z-weight and z-BMI were significantly directly related to total Hb. Food intake resulted significantly unbalanced in terms of total calorie intake, macro- and micronutrients, especially calcium, iron, vitamin B1 and C. Low intake of calcium and vitamin B1 weresignificantly inversely correlated with number and days of hospitalizations per year. Protein, lipid, phosphorus, and vitamin PP intakes resulted adequate but were inversely correlated with number and days of hospitalizations. Carbohydrate, lipid, iron, phosphorus, vitamins B1 and B2 intakes were significantly inversely correlated to HbF levels.CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that, in our population, inadequate nutritional intake, weight and BMI have a significant impact on SCD severity indices. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/inadequate-nutritional-intake-weight-and-bmi-have-significant-impact-sickle-ce#comments Nutritional Deficiencies Sickle Cell Anemia Risk Factors Human Study Wed, 22 Jun 2016 19:12:23 +0000 greenmedinfo 128999 at https://greenmedinfo.com Microwave cooking results in the decrease of a broad range of nutrients, including vitamin C and phenolic compounds. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/microwave-cooking-results-decrease-broad-range-nutrients-including-vitamin-c-a PMID:  J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Nov 28;55(24):10001-7. Epub 2007 Nov 3. PMID: 17979232 Abstract Title:  Effects of microwave cooking conditions on bioactive compounds present in broccoli inflorescences. Abstract:  Cooking as a domestic processing method has a great impact on food nutrients. Most Brassica (Brassicaceae, Cruciferae) vegetables are mainly consumed after being cooked, and cooking considerably affects their health-promoting compounds (specifically, glucosinolates, phenolic compunds, minerals, and vitamin C studied here). The microwave cooking process presents controversial results in the literature due to the different conditions that are employed (time, power, and added water). Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the influence of these conditions during microwave cooking on the human bioactive compounds of broccoli. The results show a general decrease in the levels of all the studied compounds except for mineral nutrients which were stable under all cooking conditions. Vitamin C showed the greatest losses mainly because of degradation and leaching, whereas losses for phenolic compounds and glucosinolates were mainly due to leaching into water. In general, the longest microwave cooking time and the higher volume of cooking water should be avoided to minimize losses of nutrients. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/microwave-cooking-results-decrease-broad-range-nutrients-including-vitamin-c-a#comments Nutritional Deficiencies Vitamin C Microwave Cooking In Vitro Study Thu, 02 Sep 2010 21:43:01 +0000 greenmedinfo 56029 at https://greenmedinfo.com Moringa oleifera in malnutrition: A comprehensive review. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/moringa-oleifera-malnutrition-comprehensive-review PMID:  Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2019 Nov 5. Epub 2019 Nov 5. PMID: 31692437 Abstract Title:  Moringa Oleifera in Malnutrition: A Comprehensive Review. Abstract:  Nutritional deficiency is a major concern in developing countries resulting in serious health consequences like mental and physical growth retardation. Moringa oleifera(Moringa), a nutritious plantgrowing in tropical regions of developing countries, is a candidate for overcoming nutritional deficiency. Moringa leaves are rich in protein including Sulphur containing amino acids.It contains high amounts of vitamin C than oranges, higher concentration of vitamin A than carrots, higher calcium content than milk and more potassium than bananas. Moreover, there is 9 times more iron in moringa than spinach, 4 times more fiber than oat. This review is enlightening and exploring the nutritional diversification of Moringa oleifera and other benefits which make it a better choice to use in our daily diet to combat the situation of malnutrition. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/moringa-oleifera-malnutrition-comprehensive-review" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/moringa-oleifera-malnutrition-comprehensive-review#comments Moringa oleifera Nutritional Deficiencies Review Sat, 09 Nov 2019 23:54:35 +0000 greenmedinfo 201427 at https://greenmedinfo.com Nutrition rehabilitation of HIV-infected and HIV-negative undernourished children utilizing spirulina. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/nutrition-rehabilitation-hiv-infected-and-hiv-negative-undernourished-children PMID:  Ann Nutr Metab. 2005 ;49(6):373-80. Epub 2005 Oct 11. PMID: 16219988 Abstract Title:  Nutrition rehabilitation of HIV-infected and HIV-negative undernourished children utilizing spirulina. Abstract:  The objective of this study was to assess the impact of an alimentary integrator composed of spirulina (Spirulina platensis; SP), produced at the Centre Médical St Camille of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, on the nutritional status of undernourished HIV-infected and HIV-negative children. We compared two groups of children: 84 were HIV-infected and 86 were HIV-negative. The duration of the study was 8 weeks. Anthropometric and haematological parameters allowed us to appreciate both the nutritional and biological effect of SP supplement to traditional meals. Rehabilitation with SP shows on average a weight gain of 15 and 25 g/day in HIV-infected and HIV-negative children, respectively. The level of anaemia decreased during the study in all children, but recuperation was less efficient among HIV-infected children. In fact 81.8% of HIV-negative undernourished children recuperated as opposed to 63.6% of HIV-infected children (Z: 1.70 (95% CI -0.366, -0.002, p = 0.088)). Our results confirm that SP is a good food supplement for undernourished children. In particular, rehabilitation with SP also seems to correct anaemia and weight loss in HIV-infected children, and even more quickly in HIV-negative undernourished children. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/nutrition-rehabilitation-hiv-infected-and-hiv-negative-undernourished-children" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/nutrition-rehabilitation-hiv-infected-and-hiv-negative-undernourished-children#comments HIV Infections Nutritional Deficiencies Spirulina Human Study Sat, 17 Feb 2024 22:01:21 +0000 greenmedinfo 288617 at https://greenmedinfo.com Patients given antidepressants with poor dietary intake could be at risk of developing niacin/NAD deficiency which could worsen common psychiatric problems. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/patients-given-antidepressants-poor-dietary-intake-could-be-risk-developing-ni PMID:  Med Hypotheses. 2014 Dec 30. Epub 2014 Dec 30. PMID: 25596911 Abstract Title:  Antidepressants may lead to a decrease in niacin and NAD in patients with poor dietary intake. Abstract:  The term niacin is the generic name for the two compounds nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, the major dietary precursors for two important coenzymes, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its phosphorylated form, NADP. Niacin is important for the maintenance of cellular integrity and energy production and is involved in more than 500 intracellular reactions. Deficiencies of niacin may contribute to neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Patients who develop nutritional deficiencies as a result of poor dietary intake, especially inadequate intake of proteins and vitamins, could potentially suffer from niacin deficiency and NAD depletion. However, de novo synthesis of niacin and NAD in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism may compensate for impaired dietary intake. The rate of synthesis of NAD and niacin from tryptophan oxidation depends on the induction of the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma. Niacin synthesis is not limited by a decrease in tryptophan and excessive IDO activity may therefore lead to a decline in tryptophan levels. Antidepressants have an anti-inflammatory effect, including reduction of interferon-gamma and therefore inhibition of IDO, the rate-limiting enzyme of the kynurenine pathway. In theory, this could account for increased serotonin as more tryptophan becomes available for serotonin synthesis. However, the downside may be that less NAD and niacin are synthesised downstream, which could exacerbate common psychiatric problems. It is our hypothesis that patients with poor dietary intake, who are treated with antidepressants, are at risk of developing niacin/NAD deficiency with possible development of associated neuropsychiatric symptoms. We therefore propose that niacin supplementation be considered in patients with inadequate diets who are treated with antidepressants. We believe that if this does not happen, a subclinical niacin deficiency may result, which would be difficult to detect as it would cause the same symptoms of the original illness (e.g. depression). Niacin deficiency should be considered and ruled out in all patients with treatment-resistant depression, who have a poor response to antidepressants. This is potentially a cost-effective and easy intervention, which could be examined in a randomized controlled trial. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/patients-given-antidepressants-poor-dietary-intake-could-be-risk-developing-ni#comments Depression Nutritional Deficiencies Antidepressants Drug-Nutrient Depletion Poor Diet Commentary Wed, 28 Jan 2015 22:05:13 +0000 greenmedinfo 116155 at https://greenmedinfo.com Prolonged egg supplement advances growing child's growth and gut microbiota. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/prolonged-egg-supplement-advances-growing-childs-growth-and-gut-microbiota PMID:  Nutrients. 2023 Feb 24 ;15(5). Epub 2023 Feb 24. PMID: 36904143 Abstract Title:  Prolonged Egg Supplement Advances Growing Child&#039;s Growth and Gut Microbiota. Abstract:  Protein-energy malnutrition still impacts children&#039;s growth and development. We investigated the prolonged effects of egg supplementation on growth and microbiota in primary school children. For this study, 8-14-year-old students (51.5% F) in six rural schools in Thailand were randomly assigned into three groups: (1) whole egg (WE), consuming 10 additional eggs/week (= 238) (= 238); (2) protein substitute (PS), consuming yolk-free egg substitutes equivalent to 10 eggs/week (= 200); and (3) control group (C, (= 197)). The outcomes were measured at week 0, 14, and 35. At the baseline, 17% of the students were underweight, 18% were stunted, and 13% were wasted. At week 35, compared to the C group the weight and height difference increased significantly in the WE group (3.6±23.5 kg,<p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/prolonged-egg-supplement-advances-growing-childs-growth-and-gut-microbiota" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/prolonged-egg-supplement-advances-growing-childs-growth-and-gut-microbiota#comments Egg Nutritional Deficiencies Gastrointestinal Agents Human Study Tue, 20 Feb 2024 21:19:59 +0000 greenmedinfo 288745 at https://greenmedinfo.com Se and Zn might be beneficial in protecting mitochondrial antioxidants and ETC enzymes against protein malnutrition induced oxidative stress. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/se-and-zn-might-be-beneficial-protecting-mitochondrial-antioxidants-and-etc-en PMID:  Life Sci. 2016 Mar 7. Epub 2016 Mar 7. PMID: 26965089 Abstract Title:  Selenium and zinc protect brain mitochondrial antioxidants and electron transport chain enzymes following postnatal protein malnutrition. Abstract:  AIMS: Selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are trace elements require for optimal brain functions. Thus, the role of Se and Zn against protein malnutrition induced oxidative stress on mitochondrial antioxidants and electron transport chain (ETC) enzymes from rats&#039; brain were investigated.MAIN METHODS: Normal protein (NP) and low protein (LP) rats were fed with diets containing 16% and 5% casein respectively for a period of 10weeks. Then the rats were supplemented with Se and Zn at a concentration of 0.15mgL(-1) and 227mgL(-1) in drinking water for 3weeks after which the rats were sacrificed.KEY FINDINGS: The results obtained from the study showed significant (p https://greenmedinfo.com/article/se-and-zn-might-be-beneficial-protecting-mitochondrial-antioxidants-and-etc-en#comments Nutritional Deficiencies Oxidative Stress Selenium Zinc Antioxidants Animal Study Tue, 15 Mar 2016 21:38:16 +0000 greenmedinfo 124805 at https://greenmedinfo.com Spirulina prevented low protein diet-induced bone, hepatic, and hormonal changes. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/spirulina-prevented-low-protein-diet-induced-bone-hepatic-and-hormonal-changes PMID:  Osteoporos Int. 2016 Jun 25. Epub 2016 Jun 25. PMID: 27341811 Abstract Title:  Selective protein depletion impairs bone growth and causes liver fatty infiltration in female rats: prevention by Spirulina alga. Abstract:  : Chronic protein malnutrition leads to child mortality in developing countries. Spirulina alga (Spi), being rich in protein and growing easily, is a good candidate as supplementation. We showed that Spi completely prevents bone growth retardation and liver disturbances observed in young rats fed a low protein diet. This supports Spi as a useful source of vegetable protein to fight against protein malnutrition.INTRODUCTION: Chronic malnutrition is a main factor of child mortality in developing countries. A low protein diet impairs whole-body growth and leads to fatty liver in growing rats. Spi has great potential as a supplementation as it has a 60 % protein content and all essential amino acids. However, its specific impact on bone growth and the related secretion of hepatokines have not yet been studied.METHODS: To address this question, 6-week-old female rats were fed isocaloric diets containing 10 % casein, 5 % casein, or 5 % casein + 5 % protein from Spi during 9 weeks. Changes in tibia geometry, microarchitecture, BMC, BMD, and biomechanical properties were analyzed. Serum IGF-I, FGF21, follistatin, and activin A were assessed as well as their hepatic gene expressions in addition to those of Sirt1, Ghr, and Igf1r. Hepatic fat content was also assessed.RESULTS: A low protein diet altered bone geometry and reduced proximal tibia BMD and trabecular bone volume. In addition, it increased hepatic fat content and led to hepatic GH resistance by decreasing serum IGF-I and increasing serum FGF21 without altering serum activin A and follistatin. Spi prevented low protein diet-induced bone, hepatic, and hormonal changes, and even led to higher biomechanical properties and lower hepatic fat content in association with specific InhbA and Follistatin expression changes vs. the 10 % casein group.CONCLUSIONS: Altogether our results demonstrate the preventive impact of Spi on bone growth delay and hepatic GH resistance in conditions of isocaloric dietary protein deficiency. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/spirulina-prevented-low-protein-diet-induced-bone-hepatic-and-hormonal-changes#comments Nutritional Deficiencies Spirulina Hepatoprotective Animal Study Tue, 12 Jul 2016 03:23:42 +0000 greenmedinfo 130025 at https://greenmedinfo.com