Parainfluenza Virus Infections https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/3752/all en Ascorbic acid reduces the infectivity of herpesviruses and paramyxoviruses. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ascorbic-acid-reduces-infectivity-herpesviruses-and-paramyxoviruses PMID:  BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008 Jun 11;9:85. PMID: 3021808 Abstract Title:  In vitro effect of ascorbic acid on infectivity of herpesviruses and paramyxoviruses. Abstract:  Suspensions of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, and parainfluenzavirus type 2 were inactivated within 24 h when treated at 37 degrees C with 1 mg (5.05 mM) of copper-catalyzed sodium ascorbate per ml. The infectivity titer of respiratory syncytial virus was reduced substantially after 24 h but required 48 h for inactivation. Under these conditions, inactivation of these viruses was also successfully achieved with 5.68 mM catalyzed ascorbic acid. Copper (Cu2+), when added with the ascorbate solution at 5 micrograms/ml (0.022 mM), exhibited a catalytic effect on the inactivation of these viruses. The rate of inactivation was affected by the incubation temperature, time of exposure, and the virus concentration. Ascorbate concentrations as high as 10 mg/ml (50.5 mM) demonstrated only a minimum increase in effect on viral inactivation. The loss of infectivity did not alter either the hemagglutination or complement fixation qualities of the antigens. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ascorbic-acid-reduces-infectivity-herpesviruses-and-paramyxoviruses#comments Cytomegalovirus Infections Parainfluenza Virus Infections Paramyxoviridae Infections Vitamin C Antiviral Agents Animal Study Thu, 04 Feb 2010 23:15:52 +0000 greenmedinfo 50857 at https://greenmedinfo.com Fucoidan inhibits parainfluenza virus type 2 infection. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/fucoidan-inhibits-parainfluenza-virus-type-2-infection PMID:  Pediatr Transplant. 2008 Feb;12(1):47-51. PMID: 19129677 Abstract Title:  Fucoidan inhibits parainfluenza virus type 2 infection to LLCMK2 cells. Abstract:  The effects of fucoidan and L-fucose, a fundamental major component of fucoidan, on the growth of human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2) in LLCMK(2) cells were investigated. Fucoidan inhibited cell fusion and hemadsorption, but L-fucose only partly inhibited both. Virus RNA was not detected in the hPIV-2 infected cells cultured with fucoidan. However, L-fucose did not inhibit virus RNA synthesis. Indirect immunofluorescence study showed that virus protein synthesis was inhibited by fucoidan, but not by L-fucose. Furthermore, using a recombinant, green fluorescence protein-expressing hPIV-2, it was found that virus entry was inhibited by fucoidan, but not by L-fucose. These results suggested that fucoidan inhibited virus adsorption to the surface of the cells by binding to the cell surface and prevented infection, indicating that the sulfated polysaccharide form was important for the inhibition by fucoidan. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/fucoidan-inhibits-parainfluenza-virus-type-2-infection#comments Fucoidan Parainfluenza Virus Infections Antiviral Agents In Vitro Study Mon, 20 Apr 2009 06:08:54 +0000 greenmedinfo 41455 at https://greenmedinfo.com Garlic has antiviral activity against herpes simplex 1 and 2, parainfluenza virus type 3, vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and human rhinovirus type 2. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/garlic-has-antiviral-activity-against-herpes-simplex-1-and-2-parainfluenza-vir PMID:  Planta Med. 1992 Oct;58(5):417-23. PMID: 1470664 Abstract Title:  In vitro virucidal effects of Allium sativum (garlic) extract and compounds. Abstract:  Garlic (Allium sativum) has been shown to have antiviral activity, but the compounds responsible have not been identified. Using direct pre-infection incubation assays, we determined the in vitro virucidal effects of fresh garlic extract, its polar fraction, and the following garlic associated compounds: diallyl thiosulfinate (allicin), allyl methyl thiosulfinate, methyl allyl thiosulfinate, ajoene, alliin, deoxyalliin, diallyl disulfide, and diallyl trisulfide. Activity was determined against selected viruses including, herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, parainfluenza virus type 3, vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and human rhinovirus type 2. The order for virucidal activity generally was: ajoene > allicin > allyl methyl thiosulfinate > methyl allyl thiosulfinate. Ajoene was found in oil-macerates of garlic but not in fresh garlic extracts. No activity was found for the garlic polar fraction, alliin, deoxyalliin, diallyl disulfide, or diallyl trisulfide. Fresh garlic extract, in which thiosulfinates appeared to be the active components, was virucidal to each virus tested. The predominant thiosulfinate in fresh garlic extract was allicin. Lack of reduction in yields of infectious virus indicated undetectable levels of intracellular antiviral activity for either allicin or fresh garlic extract. Furthermore, concentrations that were virucidal were also toxic to HeLa and Vero cells. Virucidal assay results were not influenced by cytotoxicity since the compounds were diluted below toxic levels prior to assaying for infectious virus. These results indicate that virucidal activity and cytotoxicity may have depended upon the viral envelope and cell membrane, respectively. However, activity against non-enveloped virus may have been due to inhibition of viral adsorption or penetration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) https://greenmedinfo.com/article/garlic-has-antiviral-activity-against-herpes-simplex-1-and-2-parainfluenza-vir#comments Garlic Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 HSV-1 HSV-2 Parainfluenza Virus Infections Rhinovirus Infection Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Antiviral Agents In Vitro Study Fri, 04 Sep 2009 01:21:47 +0000 greenmedinfo 46829 at https://greenmedinfo.com Mikania micrantha exhibits antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza viruses. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mikania-micrantha-exhibits-antiviral-activity-against-respiratory-syncytial-an PMID:  Arch Dis Child. 2009 Mar;94(3):191-4. Epub 2008 Oct 6. PMID: 19267453 Abstract Title:  Antiviral constituents against respiratory viruses from Mikania micrantha. Abstract:  Phytochemical investigation of the dried aerial parts of Mikania micrantha led to the isolation of a new sesquiterpene, 3beta-acetoxy-1,10-epoxy-4-germacrene-12,8;15,6-diolide (1), along with six known constituents: 1,10-epoxy-4-germacrene-12,8;15,6-diolide (2), dihydromikanolide (3), potassium mikanin 3-sulfate (4), mikanin (5), alpinetin (6), and ergosta-7,22-dien-3beta-ol (7). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and the molecular structures and stereochemistry of sesquiterpene lactones 1-3 were revealed by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Compound 2 showed moderate activity against respiratory syncytial virus (IC(50) = 37.4 uM) and parainfluenza type 3 virus (IC(50) = 37.4 uM) with a therapeutic index (TI) of 16.0 for both compounds. Compound 4, the main component of M. micrantha, exhibited inhibitory activity against parainfluenza type 3 virus with IC(50) (19.7 uM) and TI (24.0) values comparable to those of ribavirin, serving as a positive control. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mikania-micrantha-exhibits-antiviral-activity-against-respiratory-syncytial-an#comments Mikania micrantha Parainfluenza Virus Infections Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Antiviral Agents In Vitro Study Wed, 03 Mar 2010 22:08:15 +0000 greenmedinfo 53236 at https://greenmedinfo.com