Delirium: Drug-Induced https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/39260/all en Benzodiazepines are an independent and modifiable risk factor for development of delirium in critically ill children. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/benzodiazepines-are-independent-and-modifiable-risk-factor-development-deliriu PMID:  Crit Care Med. 2018 May 4. Epub 2018 May 4. PMID: 29727363 Abstract Title:  Benzodiazepines and Development of Delirium in Critically Ill Children: Estimating the Causal Effect. Abstract:  OBJECTIVES: Benzodiazepine use may be associated with delirium in critically ill children. However, benzodiazepines remain the first-line sedative choice in PICUs. Objectives were to determine the temporal relationship between administration of benzodiazepines and delirium development, control for time-varying covariates such as mechanical ventilation and opiates, and evaluate the association between dosage of benzodiazepines and subsequent delirium.DESIGN: Retrospective observational study.SETTING: Academic tertiary care PICU.PATIENTS: All consecutive admissions from January 2015 to June 2015.INTERVENTIONS: Retrospective assessment of benzodiazepine exposure in a population that had been prospectively screened for delirium.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All subjects were prospectively screened for delirium throughout their stay, using the Cornell Assessment for Pediatric Delirium, with daily cognitive status assigned as follows: delirium, coma, or normal. Multivariable mixed effects modeling determined predictors of delirium overall, followed by subgroup analysis to assess effect of benzodiazepines on subsequent development of delirium. Marginal structural modeling was used to create a pseudorandomized sample and control for time-dependent variables, obtaining an unbiased estimate of the relationship between benzodiazepines and next day delirium. The cumulative daily dosage of benzodiazepines was calculated to test for a dose-response relationship. Benzodiazepines were strongly associated with transition from normal cognitive status to delirium, more than quadrupling delirium rates (odds ratio, 4.4; CI, 1.7-11.1; p<p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/benzodiazepines-are-independent-and-modifiable-risk-factor-development-deliriu" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/benzodiazepines-are-independent-and-modifiable-risk-factor-development-deliriu#comments Delirium: Drug-Induced Benzodiazepines Increased Risk Human Study Sat, 07 Jul 2018 00:29:12 +0000 greenmedinfo 166959 at https://greenmedinfo.com Cannabidiol has antipsychotic properties which balance out the psychotomimetic effects of THC in cannabis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cannabidiol-has-antipsychotic-properties-which-balance-out-psychotomimetic-eff PMID:  Br J Psychiatry. 2008 Apr;192(4):306-7. PMID: 18378995 Abstract Title:  Effects of cannabidiol on schizophrenia-like symptoms in people who use cannabis. Abstract:  Cannabis contains various cannabinoids, two of which have almost opposing actions: Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta9-THC) is psychotomimetic, whereas cannabidiol (CBD) has antipsychotic effects. Hair samples were analysed to examine levels of Delta9-THC and CBD in 140 individuals. Three clear groups emerged: ;THC only&#039;, ;THC+CBD&#039; and those with no cannabinoid in hair. The THC only group showed higher levels of positive schizophrenia-like symptoms compared with the no cannabinoid and THC+CBD groups, and higher levels of delusions compared with the no cannabinoid group. This provides evidence of the divergent properties of cannabinoids and has important implications for research into the link between cannabis use and psychosis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cannabidiol-has-antipsychotic-properties-which-balance-out-psychotomimetic-eff#comments Cannabidiol Delirium: Drug-Induced Marijuana Addiction/Withdrawal The Whole is Superior to the Monochemical Part Whole Food Balance Human Study Fri, 17 Dec 2010 22:35:27 +0000 greenmedinfo 59607 at https://greenmedinfo.com Delirium associated with zolpidem use has been reported. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/delirium-associated-zolpidem-use-has-been-reported PMID:  Ann Pharmacother. 2001 Dec;35(12):1562-4. PMID: 11793620 Abstract Title:  Delirium associated with zolpidem. Abstract:  OBJECTIVE: To report a case of an elderly woman sustaining an episode of delirium after one dose of zolpidem. CASE SUMMARY: An 86-year-old white woman was admitted to the hospital for headaches and diplopia. On hospital day 3, the patient received zolpidem 5 mg and, approximately two hours later, became restless, disoriented, and physically agitated. She was treated with haloperidol and was restrained for her safety. The patient&#039;s symptoms resolved by day 5, and she had no recollection of the incident. No rechallenge was attempted. DISCUSSION: Pharmacokinetic factors may play an important role in zolpidem-induced adverse drug reactions. Elderly women can achieve up to a 63% higher serum concentration than men. The patient in our report had factors such as age, gender, and hypoalbuminemia, which may have increased the maximum concentration and the AUC of zolpidem and possibly increased her risk of an adverse reaction. CONCLUSIONS: This case, along with previous reports, warrants the cautious use of zolpidem. Clinicians should be aware that a majority of these reactions occur in women. It appears that the reactions are concentration dependent, therefore, dosage reductions should be made in elderly patients and those with hepatic insufficiency. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/delirium-associated-zolpidem-use-has-been-reported#comments Delirium: Drug-Induced Zolpidem (trade name Ambien) Commentary Tue, 19 Oct 2010 21:13:27 +0000 greenmedinfo 57890 at https://greenmedinfo.com Delirium, nightmares and hallucinations have been reported as a consequence of treatment with zolpidem. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/delirium-nightmares-and-hallucinations-have-been-reported-consequence-treatmen PMID:  Clin Neuropharmacol. 2000 Jan-Feb;23(1):54-8. PMID: 10682233 Abstract Title:  Central nervous system side effects associated with zolpidem treatment. Abstract:  Zolpidem is one of the newer medications developed for the treatment of insomnia. It is an imidazopyridine agent that is an alternative to the typical sedative-hypnotic agents. Zolpidem use is gaining favor because of its efficacy and its side effect profile, which is milder and less problematic than that of the benzodiazepines and barbiturates used to treat insomnia. Still, side effects are not uncommon with zolpidem use. We report a series of cases in which the patients developed delirium, nightmares and hallucinations during treatment with zolpidem. We will review its pharmacology, discuss previous reports of central nervous system side effects, examine the impact of drug interactions with concurrent use of antidepressants, examine gender differences in susceptibility to side effects, and explore the significance of protein binding in producing side effects. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/delirium-nightmares-and-hallucinations-have-been-reported-consequence-treatmen#comments Delirium: Drug-Induced Night Terror Hallucinogenic Zolpidem (trade name Ambien) Human Study Tue, 19 Oct 2010 21:04:28 +0000 greenmedinfo 57881 at https://greenmedinfo.com Neuropsychiatric disorders have been reported in connection with oseltamivir use. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/neuropsychiatric-disorders-have-been-reported-connection-oseltamivir-use PMID:  Prescrire Int. 2007 Oct;16(91):200. PMID: 17926837 Abstract Title:  Oseltamivir: neuropsychiatric disorders. Abstract:  More and more reports are linking severe and sometimes fatal neuropsychiatric disorders to oseltamivir, especially in children and adolescents. These disorders include suicidal behaviour, hallucinations, seizures, delirium and extrapyramidal disorders. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/neuropsychiatric-disorders-have-been-reported-connection-oseltamivir-use#comments Delirium: Drug-Induced Drug-Induced Toxicity Hallucinations Parasuicide Psychiatric Disorders Suicidal Behavior Neurotoxic Oseltamivir (trade name Tamiflu) Commentary Mon, 06 Dec 2010 21:54:45 +0000 greenmedinfo 59326 at https://greenmedinfo.com Proton pump inhibitor-induced rhabdomyolysis and hyponatremic delirium has been reported. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/proton-pump-inhibitor-induced-rhabdomyolysis-and-hyponatremic-delirium-has-bee PMID:  Am J Emerg Med. 2008 May;26(4):519.e1-2. PMID: 18410837 Abstract Title:  Proton pump inhibitor-induced rhabdomyolysis and hyponatremic delirium. Abstract:  Many consider proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to be devoid of adverse effects; however, PPIs can cause serious adverse effects. We report on the case of an emergency department patient with omeprazole-induced hyponatremic delirium and rhabdomyolysis. Proton pump inhibitors are initially overlooked as a cause of hyponatremia and myopathy in the emergency department, as with our case. This case is also unique because no publication has reported on both hyponatremia and severe myopathy after PPI therapy. The patient recovered completely after cessation of omeprazole and initiation of intravenous saline hydration and desmopressin infusion. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/proton-pump-inhibitor-induced-rhabdomyolysis-and-hyponatremic-delirium-has-bee#comments Delirium: Drug-Induced Rhabdomyolysis Drug: Omeprazole Commentary Wed, 27 Oct 2010 13:42:20 +0000 greenmedinfo 58160 at https://greenmedinfo.com Reversible encephalopathy and delirium in patients with chronic renal failure who had received ciprofloxacin has been reported. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/reversible-encephalopathy-and-delirium-patients-chronic-renal-failure-who-had- We describe four patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) who developed significant neurotoxicity after receiving short-term ciprofloxacin. Three of them had developed encephalopathy with myoclonic jerks and one patient had delirium. All patients had advanced chronic renal failure (mean estimated creatinine clearance 16 +/- 6 ml/minute), although they were not yet on renal replacement therapy. The mean received dose of ciprofloxacin was 2150 +/- 1300 mg and symptoms started to appear after the first 24 hours of drug intake. Investigations ruled out other possible causes of these neurological presentations, and withdrawal of ciprofloxacin was followed by complete resolution, after a mean of 8.5 +/- 4 days. Advanced renal failure in all patients and underlying neurologic diseases in two patients may have predisposed them to the neurotoxicity. The report of these cases should help to draw the attention of clinicians to the potential occurrence of these adverse effects in patients with CRF. PMID:  Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2002 Apr-Jun;13(2):163-70. PMID: 17660656 Abstract Title:  Reversible Encephalopathy and Delirium in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure who had Received Ciprofloxacin. Abstract:  We describe four patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) who developed significant neurotoxicity after receiving short-term ciprofloxacin. Three of them had developed encephalopathy with myoclonic jerks and one patient had delirium. All patients had advanced chronic renal failure (mean estimated creatinine clearance 16 +/- 6 ml/minute), although they were not yet on renal replacement therapy. The mean received dose of ciprofloxacin was 2150 +/- 1300 mg and symptoms started to appear after the first 24 hours of drug intake. Investigations ruled out other possible causes of these neurological presentations, and withdrawal of ciprofloxacin was followed by complete resolution, after a mean of 8.5 +/- 4 days. Advanced renal failure in all patients and underlying neurologic diseases in two patients may have predisposed them to the neurotoxicity. The report of these cases should help to draw the attention of clinicians to the potential occurrence of these adverse effects in patients with CRF. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/reversible-encephalopathy-and-delirium-patients-chronic-renal-failure-who-had-" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/reversible-encephalopathy-and-delirium-patients-chronic-renal-failure-who-had-#comments Delirium: Drug-Induced Encephalopathies Cipro Neurotoxic Human: Case Report Mon, 23 May 2011 22:13:30 +0000 greenmedinfo 64194 at https://greenmedinfo.com The CDC's Fictional Flu Death Stats and Tamiflu's Lethal Side Effects https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/cdcs-fictional-flu-death-stats-and-tamiflus-lethal-side-effects <div class="copyright">This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2019<br/><strong><a href="/greenmedinfocom-re-post-guidelines">Visit our Re-post guidelines</a></strong></div><p class="rtecenter" dir="ltr"><img alt="" src="//cdn.greenmedinfo.com/sites/default/files/ckeditor/Sayer Ji/images/flu_death_cdc_stats_greenmedinfo.jpg" style="width: 600px; height: 335px;" /></p> <p class="rtecenter" dir="ltr"><em><strong>"You don't sell the drug, you sell the disease."</strong></em></p> <p class="rtecenter" dir="ltr">~ George Merck, founder of Merck</p> <p dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:18px;"><strong><em>Flu season, or at least reporting on it, has reached a fever pitch … but the flu propaganda telling you it may be dangerous NOT to take Tamiflu and/or the flu vaccine may be a far greater risk to your health than the flu itself.</em></strong></span></p><p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/cdcs-fictional-flu-death-stats-and-tamiflus-lethal-side-effects" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/cdcs-fictional-flu-death-stats-and-tamiflus-lethal-side-effects#comments Delerium: Acute Delirium: Drug-Induced Influenza Influenza A Sudden Death Suicidal Behavior Suicidal Ideation Chemical and Drug Toxicity Cold and Flu Neuraminidase inhibitors Oseltamivir (trade name Tamiflu) corruption in science influenza pharmaceutical drugs Wed, 14 Feb 2018 18:05:01 +0000 Sayer Ji 159825 at https://greenmedinfo.com