Iatrogenic Disease https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/46547/all en A case series of newborn medication-dispensing errors involving vaccines and vitamin K injections. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/case-series-newborn-medication-dispensing-errors-involving-vaccines-and-vitami PMID:  Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2010 Jan 1 ;67(1):49-57. PMID: 20044369 Abstract Title:  Origins of and solutions for neonatal medication-dispensing errors. Abstract:  PURPOSE: Five cases of sound-alike, look-alike, neonatal medication-dispensing errors and their resolution are reviewed.SUMMARY: In 2008, there were five cases in which look-alike or sound-alike neonatal medication-dispensing errors occurred at our institution. A mix-up between neonatal and adult or pediatric products occurred in four of the five cases. Three of the five errors resulted in near misses with the potential to cause harm. The other two errors reached the patients but did not cause harm. The medication mix-ups involved adult and neonatal phytonadione injectable emulsion, sodium citrate injection and vancomycin-heparin combination injection, adult tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis and infant diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines, Haemophilus B and DTaP vaccines, and cisatracurium and vecuronium. Each error exposed weaknesses in the system of neonatal medication storage, labeling, delivery, knowledge, and administration documentation at our institution. Resolution of system problems was made possible by a collaborative approach and involved reorganizing shelving used to store neonatal medications; using a differently colored labeling scheme for products whose syringes were nearly identical; implementing changes to the infant vaccine ordering, storage, dispensing, and documentation systems; and instituting centralized and decentralized pharmacist review of pharmacy technician automated dispensing cabinet-filling activities.CONCLUSION: An institution providing services to both neonatal and adult patients experienced five cases of medication-dispensing errors with look-alike or sound-alike medications. Multidisciplinary collaboration within the system helped the pharmacy identify, resolve, and prevent errors related to medication storage, labeling, delivery, knowledge, and administration documentation. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/case-series-newborn-medication-dispensing-errors-involving-vaccines-and-vitami" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/case-series-newborn-medication-dispensing-errors-involving-vaccines-and-vitami#comments Iatrogenic Disease Vaccination: All Vitamin K injections Human: Case Report Tue, 10 Dec 2019 21:59:12 +0000 greenmedinfo 204368 at https://greenmedinfo.com Acute hepatitis B can occur in those who are vaccinated against it and who are exposured through unprotected sexual contact and iatrogenically. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/acute-hepatitis-b-can-occur-those-who-are-vaccinated-against-it-and-who-are-ex PMID:  Postgrad Med J. 2006 Mar;82(965):207-10. PMID: 16517803 Abstract Title:  Acute hepatitis B in the era of immunisation: pitfalls in the identification of high risk patients. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Since the adoption of a universal hepatitis B immunisation strategy, the reported incidence of acute hepatitis B has declined dramatically worldwide including in Israel. However, new cases of acute hepatitis B still occur. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of acute hepatitis B in a referral area, routes of transmission, and outcome.METHODS: The charts of all new hepatitis B patients, who visited the clinic in the years 2002 and 2003 (January 2002 to December 2003), were reviewed. The main criteria for a diagnosis of acute hepatitis B were transient increase of alanine transaminase activity, and hepatitis B surface antigen seroconversion.RESULTS: Twenty nine men and seven women were diagnosed with acute hepatitis B infection during the study period. Two patients were previously vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine. One case of hepatitis D coinfection was reported. The incidence of acute hepatitis B in the referral area was estimated as 2.25 per 100,000 adult population. Mean age was 36 years (17-75). Twenty one patients (18 men and 3 women) acquired the virus through unprotected sexual contact, and seven patients through iatrogenic exposure. Thirty three patients underwent spontaneous seroconversion while three patients became chronic carriers.CONCLUSIONS: Despite a universal immunisation policy, frequent cases of acute hepatitis B in Israel are still seen. High risk heterosexual activity and iatrogenic exposure seem to be the commonest routes of transmission. Further recommendations regarding vaccination policy are discussed. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/acute-hepatitis-b-can-occur-those-who-are-vaccinated-against-it-and-who-are-ex#comments Hepatitis B Iatrogenic Disease Vaccination: All Vaccination: Hepatitis B Iatrogenic Disease Human Study Wed, 29 Dec 2010 22:52:52 +0000 greenmedinfo 59938 at https://greenmedinfo.com Acute hepatitis C in Israel is predominantly an iatrogenic disease. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/acute-hepatitis-c-israel-predominantly-iatrogenic-disease PMID:  J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Feb;22(2):158-64. PMID: 17295865 Abstract Title:  Acute hepatitis C in Israel: a predominantly iatrogenic disease? Abstract:  BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Acute hepatitis C virus infection in the era of universal screening of blood products has not disappeared, and is thought to be transmitted primarily via injecting drug use. A growing body of evidence supports iatrogenic transmission as an important mode of transmission. The aim of this study was to examine transmission routes and clinical characteristics in a group of patients with acute hepatitis C in Israel.METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted in three different liver clinics in Israel, of all new hepatitis C patients. Patients identified as possible acute hepatitis C were re-interviewed and all other sources such as blood bank records and pre-employment check-ups reviewed in order to establish the diagnosis of acute hepatitis C infection and to identify the transmission route.RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients were found to have acute hepatitis C, representing 0.75% of all new referrals for hepatitis C. The most frequent (65%) mode of transmission was iatrogenic involving several, often minimal, procedures and clinical settings. The group in which iatrogenic transmission was suspected was older and the patients more often in monogamous relationship compared with other transmission routes groups. Injecting drug use was the second most common route of infection. Spontaneous seroconversion has occurred in approximately one third of the patients.CONCLUSIONS: Acute hepatitis C in the post universal blood products screening era was found to be predominantly an iatrogenic disease in the investigated localities. This finding should direct attention and resources towards the development and implementation of preventive measures. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/acute-hepatitis-c-israel-predominantly-iatrogenic-disease#comments Hepatitis C Iatrogenic Disease Human Study Wed, 29 Dec 2010 22:50:01 +0000 greenmedinfo 59937 at https://greenmedinfo.com Almost all neonatal ergot toxicity has involved confusion of maternal methylergonovine with neonatal vitamin K. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/almost-all-neonatal-ergot-toxicity-has-involved-confusion-maternal-methylergon PMID:  Am J Perinatol. 2005 Jul ;22(5):239-43. PMID: 16041632 Abstract Title:  Neonatal ergot poisoning: a persistent iatrogenic illness. Abstract:  Ergot toxicity in the newborn usually manifests itself as respiratory depression, cyanosis, oliguria, and seizures. Death is usually caused by respiratory failure. A limited number of neonatal cases have been reported worldwide, and almost all cases involved confusion of maternal methylergonovine with neonatal vitamin K. Previous case reports provided little information regarding the effectiveness and dosing of antidotal therapy, especially sodium nitroprusside. A full-term male infant was inadvertently given methylergonovine instead of naloxone at birth. Several hours later, he required intubation for respiratory failure. Peripheral perfusion, ventilation, and renal function improved rapidly with nitroprusside infusion, and he was extubated on the third hospital day. Even asymptomatic newborns should be transferred to a neonatal intensive care unit for close observation after methylergonovine administration because toxicity can be life threatening. Rapid recognition of the therapeutic error, ventilatory support, and prompt administration of sodium nitroprusside should lead to a good outcome. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/almost-all-neonatal-ergot-toxicity-has-involved-confusion-maternal-methylergon" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/almost-all-neonatal-ergot-toxicity-has-involved-confusion-maternal-methylergon#comments Ergot Poisoning Iatrogenic Disease Respiratory Failure: Chemically-Induced Vitamin K injections Review Tue, 10 Dec 2019 22:19:06 +0000 greenmedinfo 204376 at https://greenmedinfo.com Anticancer drugs may cause kidney disorders. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/anticancer-drugs-may-cause-kidney-disorders PMID:  Drug Saf. 2001 Jan;24(1):19-38. PMID: 11219485 Abstract Title:  Anticancer drug-induced kidney disorders. Abstract:  Nephrotoxicity is an inherent adverse effect of certain anticancer drugs. Renal dysfunction can be categorised as prerenal uraemia, intrinsic damage or postrenal uraemia according to the underlying pathophysiological process. Renal hypoperfusion promulgates prerenal uraemia. Intrinsic renal damage results from prolonged hypoperfusion, exposure to exogenous or endogenous nephrotoxins, renotubular precipitation of xenobiotics or endogenous compounds, renovascular obstruction, glomerular disease, renal microvascular damage or disease, and tubulointerstitial damage or disease. Postrenal uraemia is a consequence of clinically significant urinary tract obstruction. Clinical signs of nephrotoxicity and methods used to assess renal function are discussed. Mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced renal dysfunction generally include damage to vasculature or structures of the kidneys, haemolytic uraemic syndrome and prerenal perfusion deficits. Patients with cancer are frequently at risk of renal impairment secondary to disease-related and iatrogenic causes. This article reviews the incidence, presentation, prevention and management of anticancer drug-induced renal dysfunction. Dose-related nephrotoxicity subsequent to administration of certain chloroethylnitrosourea compounds (carmustine, semustine and streptozocin) is commonly heralded by increased serum creatinine levels, uraemia and proteinuria. Additional signs of streptozocin-induced nephrotoxicity include hypophosphataemia, hypokalaemia, hypouricaemia, renal tubular acidosis, glucosuria, aceturia and aminoaciduria. Cisplatin and carboplatin cause dose-related renal dysfunction. In addition to increased serum creatinine levels and uraemia, electrolyte abnormalities, such as hypomagnesaemia and hypokalaemia, are commonly reported adverse effects. Rarely, cisplatin has been implicated as the underlying cause of haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Pharmaceutical antidotes to cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity include amifostine, sodium thiosulfate and diethyldithiocarbamate. Dose- and age-related proximal tubular damage is an adverse effect of ifosfamide. In addition to renal wasting of electrolytes, glucose and amino acids, Fanconi syndrome, rickets and osteomalacia have occurred with ifosfamide treatment. High dose azacitidine causes renal dysfunction manifested by tubular acidosis, polyuria and increased urinary excretion of electrolytes, glucose and amino acids. Haemolytic uraemia is a rare adverse effect of gemcitabine. Methotrexate can cause increased serum creatinine levels, uraemia and haematuria. Acute renal failure is reported following administration of high dose methotrexate. Urinary alkalisation and hydration confer protection against methotrexate-induced renal dysfunction. Dose-related nephrotoxicity, including acute renal failure, are reported subsequent to treatment with pentostatin and diaziquone. Acute renal failure is a rare adverse effect of treatment with interferon-alpha. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome occurs with mitomycin administration. A mortality rate of 50 to 100% is reported in patients developing mitomycin-induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Capillary leak syndrome occurring with aldesleukin therapy can cause renal dysfunction. Infusion-related hypotension during infusion of high dose carmustine can precipitate renal dysfunction. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/anticancer-drugs-may-cause-kidney-disorders#comments Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity Iatrogenic Disease Antineoplastic Agents Chemotherapy Review Wed, 29 Dec 2010 22:36:00 +0000 greenmedinfo 59934 at https://greenmedinfo.com Contrast-associated nephropathy is a major cause of iatrogenic acute renal failure. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/contrast-associated-nephropathy-major-cause-iatrogenic-acute-renal-failure PMID:  Heart Dis. 2002 Nov-Dec;4(6):372-9. PMID: 12441014 Abstract Title:  Contrast-associated nephropathy. Abstract:  Contrast-associated nephropathy (CaN) has become a major cause of iatrogenic acute renal failure, especially with the increasing use of radiographic contrast media in both diagnostic and interventional procedures. CaN is the third most common cause of iatrogenic acute renal failure, and is associated with increased morbidity and in-hospital mortality. CaN typically presents as an acute rise in serum creatinine levels, usually within 48 hours after exposure to contrast media. Renal medullary ischemia secondary to contrast-induced vasoconstriction is now believed to be the most likely cause of CaN, although direct renal tubular cytotoxicity does appear to play a role. The occurrence of CaN is directly related to the number of coexisting clinical risk factors. Among the many risk factors, preexisting renal impairment, the presence of diabetes mellitus and the volume of the contrast agent administered are the most important. The most effective means of reducing the incidence of CaN is through prevention, by first identifying the risk factors and then attempting to correct for them before the administration of contrast material. Although the earliest and most well-tested preventive measure, namely intravenous hydration, continues to be the most effective way to prevent CaN, recent studies have provided many new preventive modalities. The growing use of these new agents, such as acetylcysteine, endothelin blockers, and most recently fenoldopam, has increased the options available for the prevention of CaN. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/contrast-associated-nephropathy-major-cause-iatrogenic-acute-renal-failure#comments Iatrogenic Disease Kidney Failure Kidney Failure: Acute Calcium Channel Blockers Vasodilator Agents X-ray Diagnostic Technologies Review Wed, 29 Dec 2010 22:33:49 +0000 greenmedinfo 59933 at https://greenmedinfo.com Corruption in Global Health Care May Exceed $1 TRILLION https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/corruption-global-health-care-may-exceed-1-trillion <p class="rtecenter"><img alt="" src="//cdn.greenmedinfo.com/sites/default/files/ckeditor/blank.justin/images/Corruption_in_Global_Health_Care_May_Exceed_1_TRILLION-GreenMedInfo.jpg" style="width: 600px; height: 315px;" /></p> <p class="rtecenter"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KxUfPBhipLA" width="560"></iframe></p> <p>Investigations assessing the prevalence of scientific fraud and/or its impact show the problem is widespread and serious, to the point of making most of "science-based" medicine a genuine joke. Conflict of interest is another pervasive problem that threatens the integrity and believability of most studies.</p><p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/corruption-global-health-care-may-exceed-1-trillion" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/corruption-global-health-care-may-exceed-1-trillion#comments Iatrogenic Disease Artificial Sweeteners Beta Blockers Health Guide: Chemical Exposures Health Guide: Corruption in Science big pharma corruption in science money Wed, 08 Jan 2020 21:24:52 +0000 mercola 207421 at https://greenmedinfo.com Iatrogenic (medicine-caused) and not intrafamilial transmission accounts for most Hepatitis C infection among Egypitians. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/iatrogenic-medicine-caused-and-not-intrafamilial-transmission-accounts-most-he PMID:  Hum Exp Toxicol. 2011 May 4. Epub 2011 May 4. PMID: 20947889 Abstract Title:  HCV iatrogenic and intrafamilial transmission in Greater Cairo, Egypt. Abstract:  OBJECTIVES: To document hepatitis C virus (HCV) intrafamilial transmission and assess its relative importance in comparison to other current modes of transmission in the country with the largest HCV epidemic in the world. HCV intrafamilial transmission was defined as HCV transmission among relatives living in the same household.DESIGN: Case-control study. Cases were adult patients with acute hepatitis C diagnosed in two &#039;fever hospitals&#039; of Cairo. Controls were adult patients with acute hepatitis A diagnosed in the same two hospitals, and family members of cases. All consenting household members of cases provided blood for HCV serological and RNA testing. Homology of viral sequences (NS5b region) within households was used to ascertain HCV intrafamilial transmission. Exposures at risk for HCV during the 1-6&amp;emsp14;months previous to onset of symptoms were assessed in all cases and controls.RESULTS: From April 2002 to June 2007, 100 cases with acute hepatitis C, and 678 controls (416 household members and 262 patients with acute hepatitis A) were recruited in the study. Factors independently associated with HCV infection and their attributable fractions (AFs) were the following: having had a catheter (OR=5.0, 95% CI=1.4 to 17.8; AF=6.7%), an intravenous perfusion (OR=5.8, 95% CI=2.5 to 13.3; AF=20.1%), stitches (OR=2.0, 95% CI=1.3 to 6.6; AF=10.7%), gum treatment (OR=3.7, 95% CI=1.1 to 11.9; AF=3.8%) and being illiterate (OR=2.4, 95% CI=1.4 to 4.4). Of the 100 cases, 18 had viraemic HCV-infected household members. Three long-married (&gt;15&amp;emsp14;years) couples were infected with virtually identical sequences and none of the three index patients reported any exposure at risk, suggesting HCV intra-familial transmission.CONCLUSION: While three new HCV infections out of 100 could be linked to intra-familial transmission, parenteral iatrogenic transmission (dental care included) was accountable for 34.6% of these new infections. Thus, the relative contribution of intrafamilial transmission to HCV spread seems to be limited. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/iatrogenic-medicine-caused-and-not-intrafamilial-transmission-accounts-most-he#comments Hepatitis C Iatrogenic Disease Human Study Wed, 29 Dec 2010 22:43:54 +0000 greenmedinfo 59935 at https://greenmedinfo.com Iatrogenic harm to newborns occurs at a high rate in neonatal intensive care units. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/iatrogenic-harm-newborns-occurs-high-rate-neonatal-intensive-care-units PMID:  Nephron. 2001 Dec;89(4):433-8. PMID: 18762525 Abstract Title:  Iatrogenesis in neonatal intensive care units: observational and interventional, prospective, multicenter study. Abstract:  OBJECTIVES: The goals were to determine the incidence of iatrogenic events in NICUs and to determine whether awareness of iatrogenic events could influence their occurrence.METHODS: We performed a prospective, observational, interventional, multicenter study including all consecutive infants hospitalized in 4 NICUs. In the first 3 months (observation period), the medical teams were unaware of the study; in the next 3 months (intervention period), they were made aware of daily ongoing monitoring of iatrogenic events by a designated &quot;Iatrogenesis Advocate.&quot;RESULTS: The numbers of infants admitted to the NICUs were comparable during the observation and intervention periods (328 and 369 infants, respectively). There was no difference between the 2 periods with respect to the number of infants of https://greenmedinfo.com/article/iatrogenic-harm-newborns-occurs-high-rate-neonatal-intensive-care-units#comments Iatrogenic Disease Premature Birth Preterm Infant Care Iatrogenic Disease Meta Analysis Wed, 29 Dec 2010 22:47:43 +0000 greenmedinfo 59936 at https://greenmedinfo.com Impact of garlic tablets on nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients in intensive care units. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/impact-garlic-tablets-nosocomial-infections-hospitalized-patients-intensive-ca PMID:  Electron Physician. 2017 Apr ;9(4):4064-4071. Epub 2017 Apr 25. PMID: 28607636 Abstract Title:  Impact of garlic tablets on nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients in intensive care units. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infections are one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in hospitals, especially in intensive care units (ICUs).OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of garlic tablets on nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients in intensive care units.METHODS: This clinical trial was carried out on 94 patients, admitted to the intensive care units in Kashani and Al-Zahra hospitals from January 21, 2014 to December 20, 2014. Firstly, the patients were randomly selected by simple sampling, then they were assigned into case and control groups. The case group administered one 400 mg garlic tablet daily for 6 days and the control group received placebo. During the study, inflammatory blood factors and infection occurrence in the two groups were compared. The Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 through descriptive tests such as independent t-test, Chi-square test, ANOVA and exact Fisher test for the analyses of primary and secondary outcomes.RESULTS: During the study period, 78 cases of intravenous catheter tip were sent to laboratory for culture, of which, 37 cases were in the intervention group and 41 in the control group. Culture results of Catheter tips was positive in 5 cases and all five cases were in the control group. Frequency distribution of catheter tip culture was significantly higher in the control group than that of the intervention group (p=0.03).CONCLUSION: Based on the results of our study, in people with weakened immune systems and in people with high incidence of opportunistic infections, it is necessary to strengthen their body&#039;s immune system stimulants before dealing with these infectious agents, and cause decrease in the diseases insusceptible people. It was suggested that garlic supplementation has shown to be effective in patients admitted to ICU, who are highly susceptible to nosocomial infection, and it can be used for the prevention of septicemia and urinary tract infections. However, further research with larger sample size is needed.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (https://www.irct.ir) with the Irct ID: IRCT207406156480N6.FUNDING: Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences financially supported this research. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/impact-garlic-tablets-nosocomial-infections-hospitalized-patients-intensive-ca" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/impact-garlic-tablets-nosocomial-infections-hospitalized-patients-intensive-ca#comments Garlic Iatrogenic Disease Anti-Bacterial Agents Human Study Fri, 24 Apr 2020 00:00:15 +0000 greenmedinfo 219228 at https://greenmedinfo.com Surgery is a major iatrogenic route of transmission for hepatitis B and C in Italy. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/surgery-major-iatrogenic-route-transmission-hepatitis-b-and-c-italy PMID:  J Hepatol. 2001 Aug;35(2):284-9. PMID: 11580153 Abstract Title:  Risk of parenterally transmitted hepatitis following exposure to surgery or other invasive procedures: results from the hepatitis surveillance system in Italy. Abstract:  BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the strength of association between parenterally transmitted viral hepatitis and specific types of invasive procedures.METHODS: Data from the surveillance system for type-specific acute viral hepatitis (SEIEVA) during the period 1994-1999 were used. The association of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with the potential risk factors (odds ratios (OR)) was estimated comparing 3120 hepatitis B and 1023 hepatitis C cases with 7158 hepatitis A cases, used as controls, by multiple logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: Most procedures resulted in being associated with the risk of acquiring acute HBV or HCV. The strongest associations were: for HBV infection, abdominal surgery (adjusted OR = 3.9; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 2.0-7.5), oral surgery (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.6-4.5) and gynaecological surgery (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.2-5.5); for HCV infection, obstetric/gynaecological interventions (OR = 12.1; 95% CI = 5.6-26.3), abdominal surgery (OR = 7.0; 95% CI = 3.2-14.9) and ophthalmological surgery (OR = 5.2; 95% CI = 1.1-23.2). Biopsy and/or endoscopy were associated with HCV, but not with HBV infection.CONCLUSIONS: Invasive procedures represent an important mode of HBV and HCV transmission. Since a large proportion of the adult general population is exposed to these procedures and an effective HCV vaccine is not yet available, non-immunological means of controlling iatrogenic modes of transmission are extremely important. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/surgery-major-iatrogenic-route-transmission-hepatitis-b-and-c-italy#comments Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Iatrogenic Disease Surgical Procedures Human Study Wed, 29 Dec 2010 23:05:07 +0000 greenmedinfo 59942 at https://greenmedinfo.com