Diarrhea: Drug-Associated https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/47088/all en 21 percent of patients who receive donepezil discontinue treatment due to adverse side effects. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/21-percent-patients-who-receive-donepezil-discontinue-treatment-due-adverse-si PMID:  Ugeskr Laeger. 2009 Dec 7;171(50):3690-3. PMID: 20003864 Abstract Title:  [Adverse events causing discontinuation of donepezil for Alzheimer&#039;s dementia]. Abstract:  INTRODUCTION: The objective was to investigate the frequency of adverse events (AE) as a cause for discontinuation of donepezil treatment for Alzheimer&#039;s dementia (DAT) in a geriatric memory unit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five-year retrospective study of 123 donepezil-treated patients diagnosed with DAT or mixed dementia in a geriatric memory unit. The material covers all patients treated with donepezil and surveyed for 12 months in the memory unit during the period from 14th March 2001 to 7th April 2006. RESULTS: Among the 123 patients, 106 (86%) suffered from DAT and 17 (14%) suffered from mixed dementia. A total of 100 (81%) were female while 23 (19%) were male. The median age was 84 years. In all, 26 (21%) patients discontinued treatment due to AE. The most frequent AE were nausea/vomiting, diarrhoea and loss of appetite. CONCLUSION: In 21% of the cases treatment was discontinued within 12 months due to AE. The most frequent AEs were nausea/vomiting, diarrhoea and loss of appetite. For the most part discontinuation took place within the initial three months. However, some treatments were not discontinued until after six months; consequently, treatment should be supervised and patients should have easy access to a memory unit in the case of AE. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/21-percent-patients-who-receive-donepezil-discontinue-treatment-due-adverse-si#comments Alzheimer's Disease Diarrhea: Drug-Associated Donepezil (trade name Aricept) Meta Analysis Mon, 03 Jan 2011 23:12:44 +0000 greenmedinfo 60090 at https://greenmedinfo.com A review of the adjunctive treatments for the prevention of chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced mucositis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-adjunctive-treatments-prevention-chemotherapy-and-radiotherapy-induced- PMID:  Integr Cancer Ther. 2018 Aug 23:1534735418794885. Epub 2018 Aug 23. PMID: 30136590 Abstract Title:  Adjunctive Treatments for the Prevention of Chemotherapy- and Radiotherapy-Induced Mucositis. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Chemoradiotherapy-associated mucositis can manifest as pain, inflammation, dysphagia, diarrhea, weight loss, rectal bleeding, and infection. Mucositis is a major dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy, affecting nutritional intake and oral and intestinal function. Despite several interventions being available, there is a need for safe and effective preventative and treatment options for treatment-induced mucositis. The goals of this review are to discuss interventions based on foods and natural products and present the research to date.METHODS: A narrative literature review identified 60 clinical studies examining various nutritional compounds and 20 examining probiotics. 9 studies on probiotics for the prevention of diarrhea were also assessed on methodological quality and limitations identified.RESULTS: Several compounds have been posited as useful adjuvants for cancer treatment-related mucositis. Probiotics demonstrate efficacy for the prevention and treatment of chemoradiotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity without significant side effects. Glutamine and activated charcoal were reported to reduce chemotherapy-induced diarrhea but not radiation-induced intestinal mucositis. Honey has been reported to decrease treatment interruptions, weight loss, and delays the onset of oral mucositis. Zinc, glutamine, and topical vitamin E were demonstrated efficacy for oral mucositis.CONCLUSION: There is plausible clinical evidence for the administration of several adjunctive treatments for the prevention and treatment of mucositis. Probiotics were reported to reduce the burden of intestinal mucositis and treatment-induced diarrhea. Activated charcoal and glutamine are beneficial for chemotherapy-induced diarrhea, whereas the administration of honey, zinc, and glutamine reduce the risk of developing oral mucositis during chemotherapy or radiotherapy. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-adjunctive-treatments-prevention-chemotherapy-and-radiotherapy-induced-" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/review-adjunctive-treatments-prevention-chemotherapy-and-radiotherapy-induced-#comments Activated Charcoal Chemotherapy and Radiation Toxicity Diarrhea: Drug-Associated Glutamine Probiotics Chemoprotective Agents Review Thu, 20 Sep 2018 23:23:29 +0000 greenmedinfo 170999 at https://greenmedinfo.com Amelioration of chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis by orally administered probiotics. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/amelioration-chemotherapy-induced-intestinal-mucositis-orally-administered-pro PMID:  PLoS One. 2015 ;10(9):e0138746. Epub 2015 Sep 25. PMID: 26406888 Abstract Title:  Amelioration of Chemotherapy-Induced Intestinal Mucositis by Orally Administered Probiotics in a Mouse Model. Abstract:  BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Intestinal mucositis is a frequently encountered side effect in oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy. No well-established or up to date therapeutic strategies are available. To study a novel way to alleviate mucositis, we investigate the effects and safety of probiotic supplementation in ameliorating 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis in a mouse model.METHODS: Seventy-two mice were injected saline or 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) intraperitoneally daily. Mice were either orally administrated daily saline, probiotic suspension of Lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus (Lcr35) or Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum (LaBi). Diarrhea score, pro-inflammatory cytokines serum levels, intestinal villus height and crypt depth and total RNA from tissue were assessed. Samples of blood, liver and spleen tissues were assessed for translocation.RESULTS: Marked diarrhea developed in the 5-FU groups but was attenuated after oral Lcr35 and LaBi administrations. Diarrhea scores decreased significantly from 2.64 to 1.45 and 0.80, respectively (P<p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/amelioration-chemotherapy-induced-intestinal-mucositis-orally-administered-pro" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/amelioration-chemotherapy-induced-intestinal-mucositis-orally-administered-pro#comments Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: 5-fluorouracil Diarrhea: Drug-Associated Mucositis Probiotics Anti-Inflammatory Agents Chemoprotective Agents Gastroprotective Interleukin-6 Downregulation Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor Animal Study Fri, 17 Jan 2020 17:15:48 +0000 greenmedinfo 208217 at https://greenmedinfo.com Ameliorative effect of Atractylodes macrocephala essential oil combined with Panax ginseng total saponins on 5-fluorouracil induced diarrhea. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ameliorative-effect-atractylodes-macrocephala-essential-oil-combined-panax-gin PMID:  J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 Jun 28 ;238:111887. Epub 2019 Apr 17. PMID: 31004726 Abstract Title:  Ameliorative effect of Atractylodes macrocephala essential oil combined with Panax ginseng total saponins on 5-fluorouracil induced diarrhea is associated with gut microbial modulation. Abstract:  ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) holds that deficiency of spleen-Qi is the major pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID). Herb pair of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (AM) and Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. (PG) has good effects of supplementing Qi and strengthening spleen.AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate therapeutic effects and mechanism of Atractylodes macrocephala essential oil (AMO) and Panax ginseng total saponins (PGS) alone and in combination (AP) on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy induced diarrhea in mice.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mice were administered with AMO, PGS and AP respectively for 11 days, and intraperitoneally injected with 5-FU for 6 days since the 3rd day of the experiment. During the experiment, the body weights and diarrhea scores of mice were recorded daily. Thymus and spleen indexes were calculated after sacrifice of the mice. Pathological changes in ileum and colonic tissues were examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. And the content levels of intestinal inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immmunosorbent assays (ELISA). 16S rDNA Amplicon Sequencing was used to analyze and interpret the gut microbiota of fecal samples.RESULTS: AP significantly inhibited body weights loss, diarrhea, reductions of thymus and spleen indexes, and pathological changes of ileums and colons induced by 5-FU. Neither AMO nor PGS alone significantly improved above-mentioned abnormalities. Besides, AP could significantly suppressed the 5-FU-mediated increases of the intestinal inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-17), while AMO or PGS only inhibited some of them after 5-FU chemotherapy. Gut microbiota analysis indicated that 5-FU induced overall structural changes of gut microbiota were reversed after AP treatment. Additionally, AP significantly modulated the abundances of different phyla similar to normal values, and restored the ratios of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B). At genus level, AP treatment dramatically decreased potential pathogens like Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Anaerotruncus and Desulfovibrio. AP also antagonized the abnormal effects of AMO and PGS alone oncertain genera like Blautia, Parabacteroides and Lactobacillus. Neither AMO nor PGS alone inhibited changes of gut microbial structure caused by 5-FU.CONCLUSIONS: AP, combination of AMO and PGS, not AMO or PGS alone, significantly ameliorated diarrhea, inhibited intestinal pathology, and modulated gut microbial structure in 5-FU induced mice. AP also antagonized abnormal effects of AMO or PGS on certain genera. The results illustrated that gut microbiota was involved in the combined effects of AP on 5-FU induced diarrhea. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ameliorative-effect-atractylodes-macrocephala-essential-oil-combined-panax-gin" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ameliorative-effect-atractylodes-macrocephala-essential-oil-combined-panax-gin#comments Bai Zhu Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: 5-fluorouracil Diarrhea: Drug-Associated Dysbiosis Ginseng Chemoprotective Agents Gastrointestinal Agents Essential Oils Animal Study Mon, 16 Sep 2019 22:05:09 +0000 greenmedinfo 196588 at https://greenmedinfo.com Berberine reduces thyroxine-induced diarrhea in rats. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/berberine-reduces-thyroxine-induced-diarrhea-rats PMID:  J Korean Med Sci. 2001 Dec;16 Suppl:S42-53. PMID: 19323986 Abstract Title:  Berberine against gastrointestinal peptides elevation and mucous secretion in hyperthyroid diarrheic rats. Abstract:  To investigate the underlying mechanisms of Berberine-mediated antidiarrheal effects in thyroid hormone-induced diarrhea in rats, gastrointestinal peptides, such as motilin, gastrin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and somatostatin from plasma and tissue of hyperthyroid diarrheic rats were measured using radioimmunoassay in healthy control, model, and treated model groups. The number and volume of goblet cells were also observed. Compared with healthy control, hyperthyroid diarrheic rats exhibited a significant reduction in body weight, and increase in plasma concentrations of tri-iodothyronine and free thyroxine along with the increase of wet stool. Both plasma motilin and gastrin were also elevated and reduced remarkably in Berberine-treated subgroup along with the body weight increased and wet stool reduced at the meantime. Significant changes in plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide and somatostatin were not seen. Gastrointestinal peptides trend in tissue samples were similar to those observed in plasma. Morphological data demonstrated an increase in number and/or volume of goblet cells to some extent in duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon, respectively and decreased by administration of Berberine. The possible underlying mechanisms of antidiarrheal effects of Berberine may be due in partially to the reduction of the number of goblet cells and the amount of mucous secretion through re-balancing gastrointestinal peptides. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/berberine-reduces-thyroxine-induced-diarrhea-rats#comments Berberine Diarrhea: Drug-Associated Drug-Induced Toxicity: L-Thyroxine Antidiarrheals Animal Study Sun, 15 May 2011 05:15:30 +0000 greenmedinfo 63831 at https://greenmedinfo.com Probiotics may be beneficial to prevent radiation-induced diarrhea in patients who suffered from abdominal or pelvic cancers. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/probiotics-may-be-beneficial-prevent-radiation-induced-diarrhea-patients-who-s PMID:  PLoS One. 2017 ;12(6):e0178870. Epub 2017 Jun 2. PMID: 28575095 Abstract Title:  Probiotics for prevention of radiation-induced diarrhea: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy is commonly used for abdominal or pelvic cancer, and patients receiving radiotherapy have a high risk developing to an acute radiation-induced diarrhea. Several previous studies have discussed the effect of probiotics on prevention of radiation-induced diarrhea, but the results are still inconsistent.OBJECTIVE: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of probiotic supplementation for prevention the radiation-induced diarrhea.METHODS: Relevant RCTs studies assessing the effect of probiotic supplementation on clinical outcomes compared with placebo were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases (up to March 30 2016). Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 and H2, and publication bias was evaluated using sensitive analysis.RESULTS: Six trials, a total of 917 participants (490 participants received prophylactic probiotics and 427 participants received placebo), were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with placebo, probiotics were associated with a lower incidence of radiation-induced diarrhea (RR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.34-0.88; P = 0.01; I2: 87%; 95% CI: 75%-94%; H2: 2.8; 95% CI: 2.0-4.0). However, there is no significant difference in the anti-diarrheal medication use (RR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.40-1.14; P = 0.14) or bristol scale on stool form (RR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.35-1.17; P = 0.14).CONCLUSION: Probiotics may be beneficial to prevent radiation-induced diarrhea in patients who suffered from abdominal or pelvic cancers during radiotherapy period. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/probiotics-may-be-beneficial-prevent-radiation-induced-diarrhea-patients-who-s" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/probiotics-may-be-beneficial-prevent-radiation-induced-diarrhea-patients-who-s#comments Chemotherapy and Radiation Toxicity Diarrhea: Drug-Associated Probiotics Antidiarrheals Chemoprotective Agents Meta Analysis Review Thu, 21 Sep 2017 20:44:39 +0000 greenmedinfo 153221 at https://greenmedinfo.com The application of probiotics before or during chemotherapy can effectively prevent the occurrence of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea among cancer patients. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/application-probiotics-or-during-chemotherapy-can-effectively-prevent-occurren PMID:  Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2019 ;28(4):701-710. PMID: 31826366 Abstract Title:  Probiotics in preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced diarrhea: a meta-analysis. Abstract:  BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To systematically assess the safety and effectiveness of probiotics in preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID), so as to provide the evidence-based evidence for clinical practice.METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Electronic databases, including EMbase, Cochrane Library, pubMed, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang databases, were retrieved to search for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CIDs among patients with malignant tumors treated with probiotics as of March 2019. Later, the Rev Man 5.3 statistical software was employed to extract data and assess the quality of the identified literature for metaanalysis.RESULTS: Finally, 13 RCTs involving a total of 1024 patients were included into the current metaanalysis. Results of this meta-analysis showed that the addition of probiotics to conventional symptomatic treatment could evidently reduce the total diarrhea rate in patients with cancer [RR=0.47, 95% CI (0.35, 0.63), p<p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/application-probiotics-or-during-chemotherapy-can-effectively-prevent-occurren" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/application-probiotics-or-during-chemotherapy-can-effectively-prevent-occurren#comments Chemotherapy and Radiation Toxicity Diarrhea: Drug-Associated Probiotics Antidiarrheals Chemoprotective Agents Gastrointestinal Agents Meta Analysis Fri, 17 Jan 2020 12:20:56 +0000 greenmedinfo 208177 at https://greenmedinfo.com The present study highlighted that C. butyricum reduced chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in patients with lung cancer. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/present-study-highlighted-c-butyricum-reduced-chemotherapy-induced-diarrhea-pa PMID:  Oncol Lett. 2019 Mar ;17(3):2836-2848. Epub 2019 Jan 8. PMID: 30854059 Abstract Title:  Effects of probiotics on chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Abstract:  Chemotherapy damages the intestinal mucosa, causing adverse gastrointestinal reactions.reduces the incidence of diarrhea in digestive diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role ofin patients undergoing chemotherapy. A total of 41 participants with lung cancer were enrolled, and divided into the(CB) or placebo group using 1:1 randomization to obtain 20 CB and 21 placebo participants. On the first and last day of the 3-week intervention, blood and stool samples were collected and analyzed. To analyze stool flora, 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing was performed. The incidence of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea was lower in the CB group compared with the placebo group. The lymphocyte count and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was markedly altered between the two groups. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and PLR decreased within the CB group. At week 3, the lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) was higher in the CB group compared with the placebo group. Alterations in lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin levels were not significantly different. Albumin (ALB) level and weight did not differ significantly between the two groups. At 3 weeks the total flora diversity did not decrease in either group. Phyla in the CB group varied slightly, while the proportion ofin the placebo group decreased significantly. No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups, though the genera producing short-chain fatty acids tended to increase, and the pathogenic genera tended to decrease in the CB group, which was almost the opposite of the observation in the placebo group. Operational taxonomy unit analysis revealed a notable increase in beneficial flora, including theandgenera of the CB group, compared with the placebo group. The present study highlighted thatreduced chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in patients with lung cancer, reduced the systemic inflammatory response system and encouraged homeostatic maintenance. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/present-study-highlighted-c-butyricum-reduced-chemotherapy-induced-diarrhea-pa" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/present-study-highlighted-c-butyricum-reduced-chemotherapy-induced-diarrhea-pa#comments Chemotherapy and Radiation Toxicity Diarrhea: Drug-Associated Lung Cancer Probiotics Antidiarrheals Chemotherapeutic Gastrointestinal Agents Human Study Tue, 26 Mar 2019 21:35:50 +0000 greenmedinfo 182136 at https://greenmedinfo.com Zinc deficiency and its association with treatment-related toxicity in children with cancer. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/zinc-deficiency-and-its-association-treatment-related-toxicity-children-cancer PMID:  Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021 09 ;68(9):e29104. Epub 2021 Jun 1. PMID: 34061438 Abstract Title:  Zinc deficiency and its association with treatment-related toxicity in children with cancer. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Nutritional deficiencies in children with cancer at time of diagnosis and during treatment may negatively affect disease outcome and increase treatment-related toxicity. Yet zinc, an essential nutrient important for supporting immune function and known for reducing diarrheal episodes, is rarely assessed in these children.PROCEDURES: Fifty children (1 month to 18 years) with recently diagnosed cancer were enrolled in this study. An age and gender matched control group (n = 50) was also recruited. Plasma and urinary zinc, plasma copper, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured at baseline, 3, and 6 months following diagnosis. A retrospective review of the toxicity profile was performed in the cohort of children with cancer for the first 4 years after initial diagnosis.RESULTS: CRP and plasma copper (both acute-phase reactants) were elevated in patients with cancer compared to controls at baseline, both p <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/zinc-deficiency-and-its-association-treatment-related-toxicity-children-cancer" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/zinc-deficiency-and-its-association-treatment-related-toxicity-children-cancer#comments Chemotherapy Diarrhea: Drug-Associated Zinc Zinc Deficiency Gastrointestinal Agents Human Study Fri, 04 Feb 2022 17:52:29 +0000 greenmedinfo 252753 at https://greenmedinfo.com