Atheroma https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/48547/all en Arginine may help to prevent atheroma development, in combination with cholesterol reduction. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/arginine-may-help-prevent-atheroma-development-combination-cholesterol-reducti PMID:  Ann Vasc Surg. 1999 Sep;13(5):484-93. PMID: 10466992 Abstract Title:  Combination therapy of cholesterol reduction and L-arginine supplementation controls accelerated vein graft atheroma. Abstract:  Hyperlipidemia contributes to the development of intimal hyperplasia and accelerated atheroma in vein bypass grafts. Dietary cholesterol reduction and oral supplementation with L-arginine have been shown to reduce accelerated atheroma in experimental vein grafts. This study extends these observations by examining the effect of the combination therapy of cholesterol reduction and L-arginine supplementation on the development of intimal hyperplasia in vein grafts in hypercholesterolemic animals. Thirty New Zealand White rabbits had a carotid vein bypass graft performed and were sacrificed at 28 days postoperatively either for morphology (light and electron microscopy) and videomorphometry, or for in vitro contractile studies. Twenty animals received a 1% cholesterol diet for 4 weeks prior to surgery. This diet was continued until harvest in ten animals. Ten cholesterol-fed animals received L-arginine supplementation (2 g/kg/day, p.o.) for 7 days preoperatively and thereafter until harvest and in addition were returned to a normal diet on the day of surgery. The last ten animals were controls (normal diet). Combined cholesterol reduction and L-arginine supplementation prevented accelerated atheroma in vein grafts, halted the change in enhanced smooth muscle cell contractility, and improved endothelial cell function. Early postoperative therapy targeting atheroma development in the high-risk patient could offer significant morphological and functional benefits. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/arginine-may-help-prevent-atheroma-development-combination-cholesterol-reducti#comments Arginine Atheroma Atherosclerosis Hyperlipidemia Hypolipidemic Animal Study Mon, 20 Apr 2009 06:06:08 +0000 greenmedinfo 40841 at https://greenmedinfo.com Arginine reduces atheroma (plaque) formation in rabbit vein grafts. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/arginine-reduces-atheroma-plaque-formation-rabbit-vein-grafts PMID:  J Surg Res. 1995 Jul;59(1):35-42. PMID: 7630134 Abstract Title:  Control of accelerated vein graft atheroma with the nitric oxide precursor: L-arginine. Abstract:  Hyperlipidemia contributes to the development of intimal hyperplasia and subsequent accelerated atherosclerosis in vein bypass grafts. This study examines the effect of dietary supplementation with L-arginine on the development of intimal hyperplasia and the vasomotor function of vein grafts in hypercholesterolemic animals. Thirty male New Zealand White rabbits had a right carotid vein bypass graft and were sacrificed at 28 days postoperatively. Twenty animals received a 1% cholesterol diet for 4 weeks prior to surgery and this diet was continued until harvest. Of these, 10 also received L-arginine (2.25%, 2 g/kg, p.o.) 7 days preoperatively and thereafter until harvest. The last 10 animals were controls. Vein grafts were harvested either for morphology or for in vitro isometric tension studies. Cumulative dose-response curves to norepinephrine, serotonin, and bradykinin were recorded, and following norepinephrine precontraction, relaxation to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were determined. After in situ pressure fixation, intimal thicknesses of the vein grafts were measured by videomorphometry. The addition of L-arginine doubled the serum arginine concentrations. Intimal hyperplasia of both groups of hypercholesterolemic vein grafts contained foam cells and lipid-laden endothelial and smooth muscle cells. There was a 24% reduction in the intimal thickness of vein graft intimal hyperplasia in the L-arginine group compared to that in the hypercholesterolemia group (P &lt; 0.05). All hypercholesterolemic vein grafts were two-fold thicker than in the control group. L-arginine supplementation resulted in the preservation of acetylcholine-mediated relaxation but did not change hypercholesterolemia-induced contractile agonist supersensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) https://greenmedinfo.com/article/arginine-reduces-atheroma-plaque-formation-rabbit-vein-grafts#comments Arginine Atheroma Atherosclerosis Intima Media Thickening Animal Study Mon, 20 Apr 2009 06:14:40 +0000 greenmedinfo 42755 at https://greenmedinfo.com Coronary atheroma regression and plaque characteristics assessed by grayscale and radiofrequency intravascular ultrasound after aerobic exercise. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/coronary-atheroma-regression-and-plaque-characteristics-assessed-grayscale-and PMID:  Am J Cardiol. 2014 Nov 15 ;114(10):1504-11. Epub 2014 Aug 27. PMID: 25248813 Abstract Title:  Coronary atheroma regression and plaque characteristics assessed by grayscale and radiofrequency intravascular ultrasound after aerobic exercise. Abstract:  The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of aerobic interval training (AIT) versus moderate continuous training (MCT) on coronary atherosclerosis in patients with significant coronary artery disease on optimal medical treatment. Thirty-six patients were randomized to AIT (intervals at≈90% of peak heart rate) or MCT (continuous exercise at≈70% of peak heart rate) 3 times a week for 12 weeks after intracoronary stent implantation. Grayscale and radiofrequency intravascular ultrasounds (IVUS) were performed at baseline and follow-up. The primary end point was the change in plaque burden, and the secondary end points were change in necrotic core and plaque vulnerability. Separate lesions were classified using radiofrequency IVUS criteria. We demonstrated that necrotic core was reduced in both groups in defined coronary segments (AIT -3.2%, MCT -2.7%, p<p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/coronary-atheroma-regression-and-plaque-characteristics-assessed-grayscale-and" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/coronary-atheroma-regression-and-plaque-characteristics-assessed-grayscale-and#comments Atheroma Cardioprotective Exercise: Aerobic Atheroma Regression Human Study Sun, 12 Feb 2023 18:22:58 +0000 greenmedinfo 270953 at https://greenmedinfo.com Effect of water fluoridation on the development of medial vascular calcification in uremic rats. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/effect-water-fluoridation-development-medial-vascular-calcification-uremic-rat PMID:  Toxicology. 2014 Apr 6 ;318:40-50. Epub 2014 Feb 18. PMID: 24561004 Abstract Title:  Effect of water fluoridation on the development of medial vascular calcification in uremic rats. Abstract:  Public water fluoridation is a common policy for improving dental health. Fluoride replaces the hydroxyls of hydroxyapatite, thereby improving the strength of tooth enamel, but this process can also occur in other active calcifications. This paper studies the effects of water fluoridation during the course of vascular calcification in renal disease. The effect of fluoride was studied in vitro and in vivo. Rat aortic smooth muscle cells were calcified with 2mM Pi for 5 days. Fluoride concentrations of 5-10μM--similar to those found in people who drink fluoridated water--partially prevented calcification, death, and osteogene expression in vitro. The anticalcifying mechanism was independent of cell activity, matrix Gla protein, and fetuin A expressions, and it exhibited an IC50 of 8.7 μM fluoride. In vivo, however, fluoridation of drinking water at 1.5mg/L (concentration recommended by the WHO) and 15 mg/L dramatically increased the incipient aortic calcification observed in rats with experimental chronic kidney disease (CKD, 5/6-nephrectomy), fed a Pi-rich fodder (1.2% Pi). Fluoride further declined the remaining renal function of the CKD animals, an effect that most likely overwhelmed the positive effect of fluoride on calcification in vitro. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that fluoride did not modify the Ca/P atomic ratio, but it was incorporated into the lattice of in vivo deposits. Fluoride also converted the crystallization pattern from plate to rode-like structures. In conclusion, while fluoride prevents calcification in vitro, the WHO&#039;s recommended concentrations in drinking water become nephrotoxic to CKD rats, thereby aggravating renal disease and making media vascularcalcification significant. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/effect-water-fluoridation-development-medial-vascular-calcification-uremic-rat#comments Arterial Calcification Atheroma Atherosclerosis Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Ectopic Calcification Fluoride Toxicity Cardiotoxic Fluoride Animal Study Sun, 28 Sep 2014 18:38:25 +0000 greenmedinfo 114869 at https://greenmedinfo.com Resveratrol exhibits cardioprotective properties by inhibiting foam cell formation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/resveratrol-exhibits-cardioprotective-properties-inhibiting-foam-cell-formatio PMID:  Exp Mol Med. 2009 Mar 31;41(3):171-9. PMID: 19293636 Abstract Title:  Resveratrol inhibits foam cell formation via NADPH oxidase 1- mediated reactive oxygen species and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Abstract:  Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound in red wine that has anti-oxidant and cardioprotective effects in animal models. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) play key roles in foam cell formation and atherosclerosis. We studied LPS-mediated foam cell formation and the effect of resveratrol. Resveratrol pretreatment strongly suppressed LPS-induced foam cell formation. To determine if resveratrol affected the expression of genes that control ROS generation in macrophages, NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) was measured. Resveratrol treatment of macrophages inhibited LPS-induced Nox1 expression as well as ROS generation, and also suppressed LPS-induced MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression. We investigated the upstream targets of Nox1 and MCP-1 expression and found that Akt-forkhead transcription factors of the O class (FoxO3a) is an important signaling pathway that regulates both genes. These inhibitory effects of resveratrol on Nox1 expression and MCP-1 production may target to the Akt and FoxO3a signaling pathways. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/resveratrol-exhibits-cardioprotective-properties-inhibiting-foam-cell-formatio#comments Atheroma Atherosclerosis Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Toxicity Resveratrol Antioxidants Cardioprotective Foam Cell Inhibitor Stilbenes In Vitro Study Mon, 28 Mar 2011 18:18:26 +0000 greenmedinfo 62888 at https://greenmedinfo.com