Mycobacterium Avium https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/5594/all en Bulk raw milk may contain mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/bulk-raw-milk-may-contain-mycobacterium-avium-paratuberculosis PMID:  J Food Prot. 2011 Jul;74(7):1126-36. PMID: 21740715 Abstract Title:  Modeling the Occurrence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Bulk Raw Milk and the Impact of Management Options for Exposure Mitigation. Abstract:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causal agent of paratuberculosis (Johne&#039;s disease) in cattle and other farm ruminants. The potential role of MAP in Crohn&#039;s disease in humans and the contribution of dairy products to human exposure to MAP continue to be the subject of scientific debate. The occurrence of MAP in bulk raw milk from dairy herds was assessed using a stochastic modeling approach. Raw milk samples were collected from bulk tanks in dairy plants and tested for the presence of MAP. Results from this analytical screening were used in a Bayesian network to update the model prediction. Of the 83 raw milk samples tested, 4 were positive for MAP by culture and PCR. We estimated that the level of MAP in bulk tanks ranged from 0 CFU/ml for the 2.5th percentile to 65 CFU/ml for the 97.5th percentile, with 95% credibility intervals of [0, 0] and [16, 326], respectively. The model was used to evaluate the effect of measures aimed at reducing the occurrence of MAP in raw milk. Reducing the prevalence of paratuberculosis has less of an effect on the occurrence of MAP in bulk raw milk than does managing clinically infected animals through good farming practices. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/bulk-raw-milk-may-contain-mycobacterium-avium-paratuberculosis#comments Mycobacterium Avium Cow Milk In Vitro Study Mon, 18 Jul 2011 15:47:31 +0000 greenmedinfo 65278 at https://greenmedinfo.com CDC's 'Nightmare Bacteria' Reveals Need for Natural Medicine https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/cdcs-nightmare-bacteria-reveals-need-natural-medicine <div class="copyright">This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2013<br/><strong><a href="/greenmedinfocom-re-post-guidelines">Visit our Re-post guidelines</a></strong></div><p class="rtecenter"><img alt="CDC's Nightmare Bacteria Signals Need for Natural Medicine" src="//cdn.greenmedinfo.com/sites/default/files/ckeditor/sayerji/images/nightmare_bacteria_CDC.gif" /></p> <p><strong>Globally, great fear has been generated by the CDC Director's recent description of a "Nightmare Bacteria" resistant to all medications, capable of killing 1 in every 2 people whose blood becomes infected with it.&nbsp; But isn't the primary problem that the drugs aren't working, and that natural medical solutions are needed now more than ever? </strong></p> <p>According to a recent CDC report titled, <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/media/dpk/2013/dpk-vs-hai.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Lethal, Drug-resistant Bacteria Spreading in U.S. Healthcare Facilities</a>, drug-resistant germs called carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriacea, or CRE, are on the rise and resistant to all, or nearly all of the antibiotics within the conventional drug armamentarium.</p> <p>The CDC describe CRE bacteria as a "triple threat":</p> <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/cdcs-nightmare-bacteria-reveals-need-natural-medicine" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/cdcs-nightmare-bacteria-reveals-need-natural-medicine#comments Allicin Candida Glabrata Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) Cinnamaldehyde Garlic Lactobacillus paracasei MRSA Mycobacterium Avium Mycobacterium Infections Tuberculosis: Drug Resistant Health Guide: Medicinal Spices Thu, 07 Mar 2013 19:21:51 +0000 Sayer Ji 92789 at https://greenmedinfo.com Devils Club demonstrated antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium avium. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/devils-club-demonstrated-antimycobacterial-activity-against-mycobacterium-aviu PMID:  J Nat Prod. 1997 Nov;60(11):1210-3. PMID: 9392889 Abstract Title:  Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil&#039;s Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant. Abstract:  Two new (3 and 5), as well as three known (1, 2, and 4), polyynes were isolated from Devil&#039;s Club (Oplopanax horridus; Araliaceae), a medicinal plant of North America. The structures were established by 1H and 13C NMR. The absolute configurations of 2 and 5 were determined by application of Mosher&#039;s method. All the polyynes exhibited significant anti-Candida, antibacterial, and antimycobacterial activity, with an ability to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis and isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium avium at 10 micrograms/disk in a disk diffusion assay. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/devils-club-demonstrated-antimycobacterial-activity-against-mycobacterium-aviu#comments Devil's Club Mycobacterium Avium Mycobacterium Infections In Vitro Study Mon, 20 Apr 2009 06:08:20 +0000 greenmedinfo 41341 at https://greenmedinfo.com Dietary changes during challenge may affect paratuberculosis infection progression in rabbits. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/dietary-changes-during-challenge-may-affect-paratuberculosis-infection-progres PMID:  Res Vet Sci. 2015 Aug ;101:80-3. Epub 2015 Jun 20. PMID: 26267094 Abstract Title:  Effect of various dietary regimens on oral challenge with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a rabbit model. Abstract:  Rabbits are susceptible to infection by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in both wildlife and experimental conditions. Under the hypotheses that nutrient balance might influence the establishment of infection, we designed an experiment where MAP intestinal colonization was assessed under three dietary regimens: high fiber, high protein, and regular diet in New Zealand white rabbits submitted to oral challenge with MAP. Lowest weight gain (F=5.17, p=0.024), higher tissue culture positivity rates (X(2)=7.43, p=0.024) and especially extended MAP-compatible lesions (F=5.78, p=0.017) were detected in the regular diet. Taken altogether, results indicate that paratuberculosis infection was achieved affecting mostly regular diet animals and showing that dietary changes may modulate the course of the infection. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/dietary-changes-during-challenge-may-affect-paratuberculosis-infection-progres#comments Mycobacterium Avium Dietary Modification Animal Study Tue, 18 Aug 2015 21:23:24 +0000 greenmedinfo 119855 at https://greenmedinfo.com Elecampane contains compounds with significant activity against Mycobacterium tubercolosis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/elecampane-contains-compounds-significant-activity-against-mycobacterium-tuber PMID:  Planta Med. 1999 May;65(4):351-5. PMID: 10364842 Abstract Title:  Antimycobacterial eudesmanolides from Inula helenium and Rudbeckia subtomentosa. Abstract:  In a bioassay guided search for antimycobacterial compounds from higher plants, the root extracts of Elecampane (Inula helenium L.; Asteraceae) and Sweet Coneflower (Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh.; Asteraceae) were chemically investigated for their active constituents. Chromatographic fractions of root extracts of l. helenium, which exhibited significant activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, provided the known eudesmanolides alantolactone, isoalantolactone, and 11 alpha H, 13-dihydroisoalantolactone. Peracid epoxidation of alantolactone and isoalantolactone provided 5 alpha-epoxyalantolactone and 4(15) alpha-epoxyisoalantolactone, respectively and oxidation of alantolactone with OsO4 gave 11,13-dihydroxyalantolactone. Active fractions from R subtomentosa contained the known alloalantolactone and 3-oxoalloalantolactone. The structures of the above compounds were established by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR techniques as well as spectral comparison with previously reported data. The molecular structure of 5 alpha-epoxyalantolactone was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Eleven natural and semisynthetic eudesmanolides were tested in a radiorespirometric bioassay for activity against M. tuberculosis. 5 alpha-Epoxyalantolactone and encelin from Montanoa speciosa showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 8 and 16 micrograms ml-1, respectively. Alantolactone, isoalantolactone and its 4 alpha, 15-epoxide, 1,2-dehydro-3-epi-isotelekin and alloalantolactone gave MICs of 32 micrograms ml-1. All other compounds showed MIC values of 128 micrograms ml-1 or higher. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/elecampane-contains-compounds-significant-activity-against-mycobacterium-tuber#comments Elecampane Mycobacterium Avium Mycoplasma Infections In Vitro Study Mon, 20 Apr 2009 06:08:32 +0000 greenmedinfo 41382 at https://greenmedinfo.com Erythrina abyssinica inhibits rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/erythrina-abyssinica-inhibits-rifampicin-resistant-mycobacterium-tuberculosis PMID:  Afr Health Sci. 2011 Dec ;11(4):587-93. PMID: 22649439 Abstract Title:  The efficacy of the crude root bark extracts of Erythrina abyssinica on rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Abstract:  INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality with a global mortality rate at two million deaths per year while one third of the world&#039;s population is infected with the TB bacillus.OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of the crude extracts of Erythrina abyssinica root bark on rifampicin-resistant TB.METHODS: Crude extracts of root bark of Erythrina abyssinica, were screened against three strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis including rifampicin-resistant TMC-331. Susceptibility tests used the disc diffusion method and were done on solid Middle brook 7H10, while the Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBCs) were determined by the Microtitre plate method using Middle brook 7H9 broth.RESULTS: The total crude methanol extract showed activity against all the three strains of mycobacterium used, at 50mg/ml and diameters of zones of inhibition of up to 26 mm. Erythrina abyssinica total crude methanol extract showed the highest activity on the pan sensitive strain H37Rv (0.39±0.0 mg/ml) and the rifampicin resistant strain (TMC-331) (2.35±1.11 mg/ ml) and was also active on Mycobacterium avium (0.39±0.mg/ml. The values for isoniazid were 0.25µg/ml and 9.38µg/ml for H37Rv and TMC-331 respectively, while for rifampicin the MIC value was 0.25µg/ml for H37Rv but it wasnot active on TMC-331. Acute toxicity test gave an LD50 of 776.2mg/kg body weight while the phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins and flavones.CONCLUSION: The conclusion from the study was that Erythrina abbyssinica has antimycobacterial activity and reasonable safety that merits further research. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/erythrina-abyssinica-inhibits-rifampicin-resistant-mycobacterium-tuberculosis#comments Erythrina abyssinica Mycobacterium Avium Mycobacterium Infections Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Antimycobacterial Phytotherapy Plant Extracts Bacterial Thu, 01 Nov 2012 17:07:26 +0000 greenmedinfo 84107 at https://greenmedinfo.com Juniper extract (hexane extracted) demonstrated antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium avium. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/juniper-extract-hexane-extracted-demonstrated-antimycobacterial-activity-again PMID:  Phytother Res. 2003 Sep;17(8):903-8. PMID: 13680821 Abstract Title:  Activity against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mexican plants used to treat respiratory diseases. Abstract:  The increase of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) demands the search for alternative antimycobacterial drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate plants used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat respiratory diseases for activity against MDR-TB. A group of 22 plants was screened for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and Mycobacterium avium at concentrations from 50 to 200 microg/mL. The antimycobacterial effect was determined by a microcolorimetric assay with Alamar blue dye. None of the aqueous extracts had antimycobacterial activity. Hexane extracts from Artemisia ludoviciana, Chamaedora tepejilote, Lantana hispida, Juniperus communis and Malva parviflora, and methanol extracts from Artemisia ludoviciana and Juniperus communis inhibited the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium avium was inhibited by Juniperus communis hexane extract and by Malva parviflora methanol extract. The active extracts were tested against monoresistant variants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin and ethambutol resistant) and the hexane extract of Lantana hispida showed the best activity. Lantana hispida hexane extract was also active against a group of MDR-TB clinical isolates. In contrast, it did not inhibit the growth of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. The hexane extract of Lantana hispida was fractionated by column chromatography and one of its fractions (FVI) inhibited the growth of all the MDR-TB clinical isolates at concentrations up to 25 microg/mL. This study supports the fact that selecting plants by ethnobotanical criteria enhances the probability of finding species with activity against mycobacteria, and our results point to Lantana hispida as an important source of potential compounds against MDR-TB. Copyright 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/juniper-extract-hexane-extracted-demonstrated-antimycobacterial-activity-again#comments Juniper Mycobacterium Avium Mycobacterium Infections Multi-Drug Resistant Pathogens In Vitro Study Mon, 20 Apr 2009 06:10:09 +0000 greenmedinfo 41740 at https://greenmedinfo.com Oregano extracts demonstrate significant activity against Mycobacterium avium. - Article 1 https://greenmedinfo.com/article/oregano-extracts-demonstrate-significant-activity-against-mycobacterium-avium- PMID:  Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Oct;74(19):5986-90. PMID: 18676709 Abstract Title:  Antibacterial activities of naturally occurring compounds against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Abstract:  The antibacterial activities of 18 naturally occurring compounds (including essential oils and some of their isolated constituents, apple and green tea polyphenols, and other plant extracts) against three strains of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (a bovine isolate [NCTC 8578], a raw-milk isolate [806R], and a human isolate [ATCC 43015]) were evaluated using a macrobroth susceptibility testing method. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was grown in 4 ml Middlebrook 7H9 broth containing 10% oleic acid-albumin-dextrose-catalase, 0.05% Tween 80 (or 0.2% glycerol), and 2 microg/ml mycobactin J supplemented with five concentrations of each test compound. The changes in the optical densities of the cultures at 600 nm as a measure of CFU were recorded at intervals over an incubation period of 42 days at 37 degrees C. Six of the compounds were found to inhibit the growth of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The most effective compound was trans-cinnamaldehyde, with a MIC of 25.9 microg/ml, followed by cinnamon oil (26.2 microg/ml), oregano oil (68.2 microg/ml), carvacrol (72.2 microg/ml), 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (74 microg/ml), and 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (90.4 microg/ml). With the exception of carvacrol, a phenolic compound, three of the four most active compounds are aldehydes, suggesting that the structure of the phenolic group or the aldehyde group may be important to the antibacterial activity. No difference in compound activity was observed between the three M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains studied. Possible mechanisms of the antimicrobial effects are discussed. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/oregano-extracts-demonstrate-significant-activity-against-mycobacterium-avium-#comments Carvacrol Mycobacterium Avium Mycobacterium Infections Oregano In Vitro Study Mon, 20 Apr 2009 06:11:19 +0000 greenmedinfo 42000 at https://greenmedinfo.com Persimmon-derived tannin has bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory activity in a murine model of Mycobacterium avium complex disease. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/persimmon-derived-tannin-has-bacteriostatic-and-anti-inflammatory-activity-mur PMID:  PLoS One. 2017 ;12(8):e0183489. Epub 2017 Aug 21. PMID: 28827842 Abstract Title:  Persimmon-derived tannin has bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory activity in a murine model of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease. Abstract:  Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), including Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), cause opportunistic chronic pulmonary infections. Notably, MAC susceptibility is regulated by various factors, including the host immune system. Persimmon (Ebenaceae Diospyros kaki Thunb.) tannin is a condensed tannin composed of a polymer of catechin groups. It is well known that condensed tannins have high antioxidant activity and bacteriostatic properties. However, it is hypothesized that condensed tannins might need to be digested and/or fermented into smaller molecules in vivo prior to being absorbed into the body to perform beneficial functions. In this study, we evaluated the effects of soluble persimmon-derived tannins on opportunistic MAC disease. Soluble tannins were hydrolyzed and evaluated by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method. The ORAC value of soluble tannin hydrolysate was approximately five times greater than that of soluble tannin powder. In addition, soluble tannin hydrolysate exhibited high bacteriostatic activity against MAC in vitro. Furthermore, in an in vivo study, MAC infected mice fed a soluble tannin-containing diet showed significantly higher anti-bacterial activity against MAC and less pulmonary granuloma formation compared with those fed a control diet. Tumor necrosis factorα and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels were significantly lower in lungs of the soluble tannin diet group compared with the control diet group. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines induced by MAC stimulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages were significantly decreased by addition of solubletannin hydrolysate. These data suggest that soluble tannin from persimmons might attenuate the pathogenesis of pulmonary NTM infection. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/persimmon-derived-tannin-has-bacteriostatic-and-anti-inflammatory-activity-mur" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/persimmon-derived-tannin-has-bacteriostatic-and-anti-inflammatory-activity-mur#comments Inflammation Mycobacterium Avium Persimmon Anti-Bacterial Agents Animal Study Wed, 14 Nov 2018 22:57:35 +0000 greenmedinfo 173915 at https://greenmedinfo.com