Cancers: Multi-Drug Resistant https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/5820/all en "Cancer Stem Cells and Novel Targets for Antitumor Strategies." https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cancer-stem-cells-and-novel-targets-antitumor-strategies PMID:  Curr Pharm Des. 2012 Feb 28. Epub 2012 Feb 28. PMID: 22390767 Abstract Title:  Cancer Stem Cells and Novel Targets for Antitumor Strategies. Abstract:  Cancer stem cells (CSCs) were identified in human leukemias in landmark studies of John Dick and his colleagues. Subsequently, similar cancer stem-like cells were identified in solid tumors of the breast, colon, brain and other sites. CSCs have distinct markers and are highly tumorigenic compared to other subsets. They can differentiate into all the cell phenotypes of the parental tumor. Other key features include activation of pluripotency genes (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog), self-renewal, formation of tumor spheres in low-adherence cultures, and multi-drug resistance. Clinically, drug resistance is probably the most important feature, because CSCs resist conventional cancer therapies and are likely to play a major role in cancer relapse. Based on their properties, several molecules have been targeted for therapy with drugs as follows. 1) The self-renewal pathways Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog and Notch. 2) The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), with tranilast and other AHR agonists. 3) Cytokines and inflammatory pathways (e.g., IL-6, IL-8, NF-κB). 4) TGF-β and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways. 5) Homing molecules involved in metastasis; most notably CXCR4 or its ligand CXCL12. 6) Growth factors, their receptors and coreceptors (such as neuropilin-1), and signaling components (e.g., tyrosine kinases). 7) Cell-surface markers (CD44 and integrins). Several drugs have been identified by screening or other observations (salinomycin, metformin, tesmilifene, sulforaphane, curcumin, piperine and others). Some of these drugs are at preclinical or early clinical phases of development, and it remains to be seen how many will progress to clinical application. This review focuses on some promising new developments in anti-CSC drug therapy. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cancer-stem-cells-and-novel-targets-antitumor-strategies#comments Brain Cancer Stem Cells Breast Cancer Stem Cells Cancer Stem Cells Cancers: Multi-Drug Resistant Colon Cancer Stem Cells Review Sun, 06 May 2012 02:43:40 +0000 greenmedinfo 75333 at https://greenmedinfo.com "Evolutionary malignant resistance of cells to damaging factors as common biological defence mechanism in neoplastic development." https://greenmedinfo.com/article/evolutionary-malignant-resistance-cells-damaging-factors-common-biological-def PMID:  J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2000 Sep ;19(3):335-48. PMID: 11144527 Abstract Title:  Evolutionary malignant resistance of cells to damaging factors as common biological defence mechanism in neoplastic development. Review of conception. Abstract:  Cells have some inborn resistance to harmful factors, which could be called physiological or natural resistance. The mechanisms of multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) have common features in the formation of acquired resistance in microorganisms, carcinogenesis, tumour metastases and chemotherapy or irradiation. ATP-dependent membrane P-glycoprotein, as an MDR efflux pump, glutathione S-transferases and other products of evolutionary resistance-related genes arised for exportation and detoxification of cytotoxic xenobiotics and drugs are transmitted from bacteria to man. On the one hand, this evolutionary MXR as a common biological defence mechanism is a &quot;driving&quot; power to conserve homeostasis of cells, tissues and organs. On the other hand, mutation, selection and simplification of properties are the causes of functional and morphological changes in tumour cells which regress to a more primitive mode of existence (atavism) for adaptation to survival. In the present work are presented data on the forms of E. coli resistant to antibiotics and of sarcoma 45 resistant to alkylic preparations. They may be helpful in revealing the causes of resistance and acquired accelerated growth of cells. The development of tumours as fibromas 14-15 years following injection of a vital dye trypan blue into human skin supports our conception that neoplastic growth is a particular case of the evolutionary resistance of cells adapted to the damaging factors. So, tumour cells adopting the enhancement mechanisms of general biological persistent resistance, i. e. undergoing repeated cycles of malignancy enhancement, adapt themselves to survive under the changed unfavourable conditions. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/evolutionary-malignant-resistance-cells-damaging-factors-common-biological-def#comments Cancers: Drug Resistant Cancers: Multi-Drug Resistant Sarcoma Anti-Bacterial Agents Cancer Hypotheses Review Fri, 27 Jan 2012 20:27:37 +0000 greenmedinfo 70941 at https://greenmedinfo.com 500 Reasons Turmeric May Be the World's Most Important Herb https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/can-turmeric-alleviate-500-causes-human-suffering <div class="copyright">This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2020<br/><strong><a href="/greenmedinfocom-re-post-guidelines">Visit our Re-post guidelines</a></strong></div><p class="rtecenter"><img alt="500 Reasons Why Turmeric Is The World's Most Important Herb" src="//cdn.greenmedinfo.com/sites/default/files/ckeditor/greenmedinfo/images/turmeric_research.jpg" style="width: 600px; height: 401px;" /></p> <p>There is a medicinal spice so <strong><a href="/blog/turmeric-return-golden-goddess" rel="dofollow" target="_blank">timelessly interwoven with the origins of human culture</a></strong> and metabolism, so thoroughly supported by modern scientific inquiry, as to be unparalleled in its proven value to human health and well-being.</p><p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/can-turmeric-alleviate-500-causes-human-suffering" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/can-turmeric-alleviate-500-causes-human-suffering#comments Cancers: Multi-Drug Resistant Curcumin Turmeric Turmeric: Topical Health Guide: Alzheimer's Health Guide: Breast Cancer Health Guide: Farm/Pharma Face Off Health Guide: Turmeric alternative cancer treatments healing food turmeric benefits Mon, 02 Jul 2012 18:56:00 +0000 Sayer Ji 76040 at https://greenmedinfo.com 900 Reasons Turmeric May Be the World's Most Important Herb https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/900-reasons-turmeric-may-be-worlds-most-important-herb <div class="copyright">This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2023<br/><strong><a href="/greenmedinfocom-re-post-guidelines">Visit our Re-post guidelines</a></strong></div><p class="rtecenter"><img alt="600 Reasons Why Turmeric Is The World's Most Important Herb" height="499" src="//cdn.greenmedinfo.com/sites/default/files/ckeditor/Sayer Ji/images/turmeric_benefits.jpg" width="332" /></p> <p><span style="font-size:22px;"><em><strong>There is a medicinal spice so <a href="/blog/turmeric-return-golden-goddess" rel="dofollow" target="_blank">timelessly interwoven with the origins of human culture</a> and metabolism, so thoroughly supported by modern scientific inquiry, as to be unparalleled in its proven value to human health and well-being</strong></em></span></p><p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/900-reasons-turmeric-may-be-worlds-most-important-herb" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/900-reasons-turmeric-may-be-worlds-most-important-herb#comments Cancers: Multi-Drug Resistant Curcumin Turmeric Turmeric: Topical Health Guide: Alzheimer's Health Guide: Breast Cancer Health Guide: Farm/Pharma Face Off Health Guide: Turmeric Sun, 15 Oct 2023 18:28:05 +0000 Sayer Ji 103825 at https://greenmedinfo.com A variety of carotenoids induce reduce resistance to chemotherapy in multidrug resistant lymphoma and human breast cancer cell lines. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/variety-carotenoids-induce-reduce-resistance-chemotherapy-multidrug-resistant- PMID:  In Vivo. 2004 Mar-Apr;18(2):237-44. PMID: 15113052 Abstract Title:  Modulation of multidrug resistance and apoptosis of cancer cells by selected carotenoids. Abstract:  The multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins that belong to the ATP-binding casette superfamily are present in a majority of human tumors and are an important final cause of therapeutic failure. Therefore, compounds which inhibit the function of the MDR-efflux proteins may improve the cytotoxic action of anticancer chemotherapy. The effects of carotenoids were studied on the activity of the MDR-1 gene-encoded efflux pump system. The carotenoids, isolated from paprika and other vegetables, were tested on the rhodamine 123 accumulation of human MDR-1 gene-transfected L1210 mouse lymphoma cells and human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 (HTB-26). Capsanthin and capsorubin enhanced the rhodamine 123 accumulation 30-fold relative to nontreated lymphoma cells. Lycopene, lutein, antheraxanthin and violaxanthin had moderate effects, while alfa- and beta-carotene had no effect on the reversal of MDR in the tumor cells. Apoptosis was induced in human MDR1 transfected mouse lymphoma cells and human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 (HTB-26) cell lines in the presence of lycopene, zeaxanthin and capsanthin. The data suggest the potential of carotenoids as possible resistance modifiers in cancer chemotherapy. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/variety-carotenoids-induce-reduce-resistance-chemotherapy-multidrug-resistant-#comments Breast Cancer Cancers: Multi-Drug Resistant Carotenoids Lycopene Lymphoma Paprika Zeaxanthin Apoptotic Chemosensitizer Drug-Plant-Vitamin Synergies Animal Study Sat, 26 Dec 2009 22:32:37 +0000 greenmedinfo 48385 at https://greenmedinfo.com Acerola demonstrates cytotoxic potential against tumor cell lines. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/acerola-demonstrates-cytotoxic-potential-against-tumor-cell-lines PMID:  Phytother Res. 2004 Mar;18(3):212-23. PMID: 15103668 Abstract Title:  Biological activity of barbados cherry (acerola fruits, fruit of Malpighia emarginata DC) extracts and fractions. Abstract:  Fractionation of barbados cherry (acerola fruit, a fruit of Malpighia emarginata DC.) extracts were performed by organic solvent extractions and column chromatographies, using two extraction methods. Higher cytotoxic activity was concentrated in fractions A4 and A6 (acetone extract), and H3 and HE3 (hexane extract). These four fractions showed higher cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines such as human oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-2) and human submandibular gland carcinoma (HSG), when compared with that against normal cells such as human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLF) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). HE2 (hexane extract), AE2 (ethyl acetate extract), AE3, AE4, AE5, A8, A9 and A10 showed some relatively higher anti-bacterial activity on the Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 1228 but were ineffective on the representative Gram-negative species E. coli and Ps. aeruginosa. The fractions were inactive against Helicobacter pylori, two representative Candida species, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). H3, H4 and HE3, which displayed higher tumor-specific cytotoxicity also showed higher multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal activity, than (+/-)-verapamil as positive control. ESR spectroscopy shows that the radical-mediated oxidation is not involved in the induction of tumor-specific cytotoxic activity. The tumor specific cytotoxic activity and MDR reversal activity of barbados cherry may suggest its possible application for cancer therapy. Copyright 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/acerola-demonstrates-cytotoxic-potential-against-tumor-cell-lines#comments Acerola Cancers: All Cancers: Multi-Drug Resistant Chemosensitizer Antitumor In Vitro Study Mon, 20 Apr 2009 06:05:50 +0000 greenmedinfo 40773 at https://greenmedinfo.com Adlay ethanolic extract inhibits human uterine sarcoma cancer cells growth and chemosensitizes human uterine sarcoma cells to doxorubicin. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/adlay-ethanolic-extract-inhibits-human-uterine-sarcoma-cancer-cells-growth-and PMID:  Phytomedicine. 2018 Aug 1 ;47:69-80. Epub 2018 Mar 21. PMID: 30166110 Abstract Title:  Hexane fraction of adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) testa ethanolic extract inhibits human uterine sarcoma cancer cells growth and chemosensitizes human uterine sarcoma cells to doxorubicin. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Cancer has remained among the top ten causes of death in Taiwan since 1982. Uterine sarcoma is a rare gynecologic cancer, and chemotherapy is one type of cancer treatment. Doxorubicin (Dox) is widely used for treating several cancers, including uterine sarcoma, however, multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major clinical problem and a critical cause of treatment failure. The ethanolic extracts of adlay testa (ATE) exhibited significant anticancer activities against many cancer types.PURPOSE: In this study we investigated the antitumor effects of the hexane fraction of the adlay testa ethanolic extracts (ATE-Hex) on the human uterine sarcoma cancer cell line MES-SA, as well as on the multidrug-resistant human uterine sarcoma cancer cell line MES-SA/Dx5.METHODS: The MTT assay was performed to assess the effects of the extracts of different parts of the adlay on the proliferation of human uterine sarcoma cells (MES-SA and MES-SA/Dx5) and human uterine smooth muscle cells (HUtSMCs). To determine whether ATE-Hex has a chemosensitizing effect on drug-resistant uterine sarcoma cells, the MTT assay was performed to examine the synergistic effects of ATE-Hex, the chemotherapeutic drug Dox alone, and in combination. Rhodamine accumulation was analyzed using fluorescence detection. Apoptotic cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. In addition, employing a flame ionization detector (GC/FID) gas chromatography was also developed as the analysis platform for ATE-Hex.RESULTS: The results demonstrated that ATE-Hex exhibited the best effects of inhibition on MES-SA and MES-SA/Dx5 cells. Co-treatment of ATE-Hex and Dox could synergistically inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. ATE-Hex reduced the rhodamine efflux in MES-SA/Dx5 cells, indicating that ATE-Hex could reduce the expression of P-gp. In addition, our results showed that treatment with ATE-Hex alone or in combination with Dox significantly inhibited the growth of cancer cells and induced apoptosis by increasing the sub-G1 phase and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) being cleaved. Flow cytometry revealed that ATE-Hex induced apoptosis.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that ATE-Hex can inhibit human uterine sarcoma cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and increasing the chemosensitivity of the multidrug-resistant human uterine sarcoma cancer cell MES-SA/Dx5 to Dox. Furthermore, the combination of ATE-Hex and Dox could decrease MDR and increase the synergistic effect. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/adlay-ethanolic-extract-inhibits-human-uterine-sarcoma-cancer-cells-growth-and" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/adlay-ethanolic-extract-inhibits-human-uterine-sarcoma-cancer-cells-growth-and#comments Adlay Cancers: Drug Resistant Cancers: Multi-Drug Resistant Uterine Cancer Antiproliferative Apoptotic Cell cycle arrest Chemosensitizer Chemotherapeutic Synergy: Doxorubicin In Vitro Study Thu, 13 Dec 2018 00:25:27 +0000 greenmedinfo 175637 at https://greenmedinfo.com AHCC improves treatment outcome and reduces side effects in anticancer drug treated mice. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ahcc-improves-treatment-outcome-and-reduces-side-effects-anticancer-drug-treat PMID:  J Exp Ther Oncol. 2009;8(1):43-51. PMID: 19827270 Abstract Title:  Alleviating effect of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) for anticancer drug-induced side effects in non-tumor-bearing mice. Abstract:  Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) is an extract of a basidiomycete mushroom that is used as a supplement by some cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy; it is thought to enhance the therapeutic effects and reduce the side effects of select anticarcinogenic agents. AHCC has been reported to strengthen the anticancer effects of cisplatin (CDDP) and ameliorate its side effects in female BALB/cA mice inoculated with Colon-26 tumor cells. In this study, the role of AHCC in alleviating the side effects induced by several other anticancer drugs was explored in non-tumor-bearing mice receiving monotherapy with paclitaxel (TAX), or multi-drug chemotherapy with TAX plus CDDP, 5-fluorouracil (5FU) plus irinotecan, CDDP plus 5FU, or doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide. Outcomes from the drug treatment groups with and without AHCC supplementation were compared to controls that received vehicle alone. The multi-drug treatments significantly reduced bone marrow cell viability in all groups and leukocyte count in all groups except for TAX+CDDP; these myelosuppresive effects were generally alleviated by AHCC. Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity caused by the treatments that included TAX and CDDP were also significantly improved by AHCC. The death rate was 20 to 30 percent in all treatment groups except TAX+CDDP, and supplementation with AHCC greatly reduced or eliminated mortality. These results support the concept that AHCC can be beneficial for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ahcc-improves-treatment-outcome-and-reduces-side-effects-anticancer-drug-treat#comments AHCC Cancers: Multi-Drug Resistant Chemotherapy Induced Myelotoxicity Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity Myelotoxicity Antineoplastic Agents Drug-Plant-Vitamin Synergies Animal Study Sat, 27 Feb 2010 13:57:39 +0000 greenmedinfo 52702 at https://greenmedinfo.com Algerian propolis reverses multidrug resistance in resistant human lung adenocarcinoma cells. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/algerian-propolis-reverses-multidrug-resistance-resistant-human-lung-adenocarc PMID:  Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2018 ;18(9):1330-1337. PMID: 30088453 Abstract Title:  Reversing Multidrug Resistance in Chemo-resistant Human Lung Adenocarcinoma (A549/DOX) Cells by Algerian Propolis Through Direct Inhibiting the P-gp Efflux-pump, G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Induction. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies with the highest incidence and mortality rate worldwide. Multidrug Resistance (MDR) continues to pose a major challenge for the clinicians and pharmacologists to effectively treat this disease. A new approach using natural substances with moderate or low cytotoxic properties become a promising hope for reversing multidrug resistance due to pgp- overexpression.OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the efficacy of Algerian propolis in reversing multidrug resistance and sensitizing chemo-resistant lung cancer cells (A549/DOX) to chemotherapy with DOX.METHODS: Resistant lung adenocarcinoma A549/DOX cell line was developed and used as in vitro model for MDR. Cell viability, Annexin V-PI apoptosis assay and cell cycle progression were tested to evaluate the reversal effect of propolis alone or in combination with DOX. Caspases 3, 8 and 9 assays were conducted to determine the type of apoptotic pathway. To investigate the mechanisms of MDR reversal agents, intracellular accumulation of DOX and P-gp-pump activity were investigated.RESULTS: Our results showed that the obtained chemo-resistant cells were 13-fold more resistant to DOX than the parental A549 cells. Propolis showed dramatically cell growth inhibition on A549/DOX cells (The IC50 was 50.44± 0.07µg/ml). The killing effect of propolis was due to G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. After 24hours treatment, propolis at 100 µg/ml caused cells accumulation in G0/G1 phase and increased with 50, 65-fold the percentage of apoptotic population sub-G. Annexin V-PI assay showed that propolis induces apoptosis with 53.57-fold at 100 µg/ml. It induced intrinsic apoptotic pathway by increasing caspase-3 (22.15-fold) and caspase-9 (16.73-fold) activities. The direct approach to investigate the mechanisms of reversal agents is to detect the accumulation of P-gp substrates in resistant cells. Our results indicated that resistant cells poorly accumulated Doxorubicin and rhodamine 123 (7-fold lower) when compared to parental A549 cells, suggesting that chemo-resistant cells overexpress P-gp which pump DOX out of cells. Propolis inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner,the pgp efflux-pump, enhancing thereby the intracellular level of DOX with 5.48- fold against 3.33 fold obtained with verapamil, the conventional P-gp inhibitor.CONCLUSION: Taken together, Algerian propolis reverses multidrug resistance in resistant human lung adenocarcinoma cells through direct inhibiting the transport function of pgp-pump resulting in enhancing intracellular DOX-accumulation, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Thus, propolis could be developed as a chemotherapeutic agent for reversing multidrug resistance. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/algerian-propolis-reverses-multidrug-resistance-resistant-human-lung-adenocarc" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/algerian-propolis-reverses-multidrug-resistance-resistant-human-lung-adenocarc#comments Bee Propolis Cancers: Drug Resistant Cancers: Multi-Drug Resistant Lung Cancer Antiproliferative Apoptotic Chemotherapeutic Chemotherapeutic Synergy: Doxorubicin In Vitro Study Sat, 10 Aug 2019 07:59:30 +0000 greenmedinfo 193444 at https://greenmedinfo.com Alpha-mangostin has great potential to be further developed into a promising modulator of ABCG2 for reversing multidrug resistance. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/alpha-mangostin-has-great-potential-be-further-developed-promising-modulator-a PMID:  Mol Pharm. 2017 Jun 22. Epub 2017 Jun 22. PMID: 28641010 Abstract Title:  Alpha-mangostin reverses multidrug resistance by attenuating the function of the multidrug resistance-linked ABCG2 transporter. Abstract:  The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporter ABCG2 can actively efflux a wide variety of chemotherapeutic agents out of cancer cells and subsequently reduce the intracellular accumulation of these drugs. Therefore, the overexpression of ABCG2 often contributes to the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells, which is one of the major obstacles to successful cancer chemotherapy. Moreover, ABCG2 is highly expressed in various tissues including the intestine and blood-brain barrier (BBB), limiting the absorption and bioavailability of many therapeutic agents. For decades, the task of developing a highly effective synthetic inhibitor of ABCG2 has been hindered mostly by the intrinsic toxicity, the lack of specificity and complex pharmacokinetics. Alternatively, considering the wide range of diversity and relatively non-toxic nature of natural products, developing potential modulators of ABCG2 from natural sources is particularly valuable.α-Mangostin is a natural xanthone derived from the pericarps of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) with various pharmacological purposes, including suppressing angiogenesis and inducing cancer cell growth arrest. In this study, we demonstrated that at non-toxic concentrations, α-mangostin effectively and selectively inhibits ABCG2-mediated drug transport and reverses MDR in ABCG2-overexpressing MDR cancer cells. Direct interactions between α-mangostin and the ABCG2 drug-binding site(s) were confirmed by biphasic stimulation on ATPase activity and by inhibition of [(125)I]iodoarylazidoprazosin photolabeling of the substrate-binding site(s) of ABCG2. In summary, our findings show that α-mangostin has great potential to be further developed into a promising modulator of ABCG2 for reversing MDR and for its use in combination therapy for patients with MDR tumors. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/alpha-mangostin-has-great-potential-be-further-developed-promising-modulator-a" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/alpha-mangostin-has-great-potential-be-further-developed-promising-modulator-a#comments Cancers: Multi-Drug Resistant Mangosteen Multidrug Resistance Gene Modulators In Vitro Study Wed, 28 Jun 2017 00:38:06 +0000 greenmedinfo 149661 at https://greenmedinfo.com Ampelopsin, a compound found within the Japanese Raisin Tree, reverses multidrug resistance in cancer cells. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ampelopsin-compound-found-within-japanese-raisin-tree-reverses-multidrug-resis PMID:  Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2009 Mar;34(6):761-5. PMID: 19624024 Abstract Title:  [Reversal effect and its mechanism of ampelopsin on multidrug resistance in K562/ADR cells]. Abstract:  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effect of ampelopsin (AMP) combined with adriamycin (ADR) on growth of human leukemia multidrug resistant cell line K562/ADR. METHOD: MTT assay was used to detect the effect of AMP on the cytotoxicity of ADR. Jin&#039;s formula was used to analyze the effect of combined drug therapy. The expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on cell membrane of K562/ADR was detected using PE-labeled antibody. Flow cytometry was used to determine the influence of AMP on the intracellular accumulation of ADR. RESULT: AMP at the concentration of 1.25 to 5 mg x L(-1) could significantly reverse the multidrug resistance (MDR) to ADR in K562/ADR cells. Co-administration of 1.25 mg x L(-1) AMP and low concentrations of ADR showed an antagonistic effect, while there was an additional to synergistic effect when the concentration of AMP was above 2.5 mg x L(-1). AMP could decrease the expression of P-gp in a concentration-dependent manner and increase the intracellular accumulation of ADR in K562/ADR cells. CONCLUSION: AMP could increased the cytotoxicity and the intracellular accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs in MDR associated tumor cells through inhibiting the efflux of drugs by P-gp. AMP may be a promising MDR modulator. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ampelopsin-compound-found-within-japanese-raisin-tree-reverses-multidrug-resis#comments Cancers: Multi-Drug Resistant Japanese Raisin Tree Chemosensitizer In Vitro Study Sun, 27 Dec 2009 00:14:30 +0000 greenmedinfo 48390 at https://greenmedinfo.com Antrodia camphorata extract, when combined with anti-tumor agents, showed adjuvant antiproliferative effects on multi-drug resistant hepatoma. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/antrodia-camphorata-extract-when-combined-anti-tumor-agents-showed-adjuvant-an PMID:  J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Aug 13;118(3):387-95. Epub 2008 May 7. PMID: 18571350 Abstract Title:  The adjuvant effects of Antrodia Camphorata extracts combined with anti-tumor agents on multidrug resistant human hepatoma cells. Abstract:  AIM OF THE STUDY: The objectives of this study were to investigate the adjuvant anti-tumor effects of Antrodia camphorate in human hepatoma cells (C3A and PLC/PRF/5) which are resistance to most anti-tumor agents, elucidate the possible regulation pathways, and measure the tumor growth and survival rate in xenograft-nude mice after combined with anti-tumor agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The AC extracts were measured by using a phenol/sulfuric acid method as previously described. The in vitro cell proliferation assay of ACs and anti-tumor agents was tested on C3A and PLC/PRF/5 cell lines. The percentage of human hepatoma cells undergoing apoptosis and distributing in different phases of cell cycle were determined by Flow cytometric analysis. Western blot analysis for MDR-1 and apoptosis- related proteins. The measurements of tumor growth and survival analysis of hepatoma implanted nude mice treated with Antrodia camphorata extracts and anti-tumor agents alone or in combinations. RESULTS: We have found that Antrodia camphorata extracts, when combined with anti-tumor agents, showed adjuvant antiproliferative effects on hepatoma cells (in vitro) and on xenografted cells in tumor-implanted nude mice (in vivo), which then extended their median survival days. Furthermore, solid-state extracts of Antrodia camphorata (AC-SS) showed its adjuvant effects through the inhibition of MDR gene expressions and the pathway of COX-2- dependent inhibition of p-AKT, which ultimately resulted in the induction of apoptosis in hepatoma cells. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we have found that Antrodia camphorata extract, when combined with anti-tumor agents, showed adjuvant antiproliferative effects on hepatoma cells (in vitro) and on xenografted cells in tumor-implanted nude mice (in vivo). https://greenmedinfo.com/article/antrodia-camphorata-extract-when-combined-anti-tumor-agents-showed-adjuvant-an#comments Antrodia camphorata Cancers: Multi-Drug Resistant Liver Cancer Antineoplastic Agents Cell cycle arrest Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors Plant Extracts Animal Study Thu, 04 Feb 2010 12:58:51 +0000 greenmedinfo 50843 at https://greenmedinfo.com Apigenin may have a therapeutic role in the treatment of multi-drug resistant cancers. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/apigenin-may-have-therapeutic-role-treatment-multi-drug-resistant-cancers PMID:  J Med Chem. 2009 Sep 10;52(17):5311-22. PMID: 19725578 Abstract Title:  Modulation of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1)-mediated multidrug resistance by bivalent apigenin homodimers and their derivatives. Abstract:  Here we showed that bivalency approach is effective in modulating multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1)-mediated doxorubicin (DOX) and etoposide (VP16) resistance in human 2008/MRP1 ovarian carcinoma cells. Flavonoid dimers bearing five or six ethylene glycol (EG) units with 6-methyl (4e, 4f) or 7-methyl (5e, 5f) substitution on the ring A of flavonoid dimers have the highest modulating activity for DOX against MRP1 with an EC(50) ranging from 73 to 133 nM. At 0.5 microM, the flavonoid dimer 4e was sufficient to restore DOX accumulation in 2008/MRP1 to parental 2008/P level. Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plot suggested that it is likely a competitive inhibitor of DOX transport with a K(i) = 0.2 microM. Our data suggest that flavonoid dimers have a high affinity toward binding to DOX recognition site of MRP1. This results in inhibiting DOX transport, increasing intracellular DOX retention, and finally resensitizing 2008/MRP1 to DOX. The present study demonstrates that flavonoid dimers can be employed as an effective modulator of MRP1-mediated drug resistance in cancer cells. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/apigenin-may-have-therapeutic-role-treatment-multi-drug-resistant-cancers#comments Apigenin Cancers: Multi-Drug Resistant Drug: Doxorubicin In Vitro Study Fri, 19 Feb 2010 14:10:22 +0000 greenmedinfo 51846 at https://greenmedinfo.com Application of curcumin and its derivatives in tumor multidrug resistance. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/application-curcumin-and-its-derivatives-tumor-multidrug-resistance PMID:  Phytother Res. 2020 Oct ;34(10):2438-2458. Epub 2020 Apr 7. PMID: 32255545 Abstract Title:  Application of curcumin and its derivatives in tumor multidrug resistance. Abstract:  Malignant tumor endangers seriously the health of all mankind. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main causes of clinical tumor chemotherapy failure. Curcumin (CUR) has not only antitumor activity but also reversing tumor MDR effect. CUR reverses tumor MDR via regulating related signal pathways or corresponding expressed proteins or gene. When combined with chemotherapeutic agents, CUR can be a chemotherapeutic sensitive agent to enhance chemotherapy efficacy and weaken tumor MDR. On the other hand, to improve the MDR reversal effect of CUR, its derivatives have been extensively studied. Therefore, this article mainly focuses on reviewing the application of CUR and its derivatives in MDR and its mechanism of reversing MDR. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/application-curcumin-and-its-derivatives-tumor-multidrug-resistance" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/application-curcumin-and-its-derivatives-tumor-multidrug-resistance#comments Cancers: Drug Resistant Cancers: Multi-Drug Resistant Curcumin Chemosensitizer Chemotherapeutic Phytotherapy In Vitro Study Mon, 12 Apr 2021 15:14:33 +0000 greenmedinfo 237862 at https://greenmedinfo.com Arctigenin enhances the sensitivity of cisplatin resistant colorectal cancer cell by activating autophagy. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/arctigenin-enhances-sensitivity-cisplatin-resistant-colorectal-cancer-cell-act PMID:  Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019 Sep 26. Epub 2019 Sep 26. PMID: 31564411 Abstract Title:  Arctigenin enhances the sensitivity of cisplatin resistant colorectal cancer cell by activating autophagy. Abstract:  Arctigenin is the active content of arctium lappa that present anti-cancer abilities in various carcinomas. However, its role and underlying mechanism in drug-resistant colorectal cancer cells has not been addressed. The present study used SW480 and SW620 to established cisplatin-resistant colorectal cancer cell lines, and explored the impact of arctigenin on these cells. Arctigenin at 100 μM significantly inhibited cell proliferation of cisplatin treated R-SW480 and R-SW620 cells as compared with cells treated with cisplatin alone. Arctigenin elevates cell apoptosis, up-regulated pro-apoptotic protein cleaved-caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression level in cisplatin treated R-SW480and R-SW620 cells. Additionally, arctigenin triggered autophagy and promoted LC3-Ⅱ and p65 expression, while inhibited LC3-Ⅰexpression. Arctigenin impeded the ICof not only cisplatin but also oxaliplatin, doxorubicin and Paclitaxel of R-SW480 and R-SW620 cells. More importantly, the mRNA expression of multi drug resistance 1 (MDR1) and protein expression of pgp were significantly inhibited by arctigenin administration. Taken together, arctigenin has the potential in sensitize colorectal cancer cells by activating autophagy, which induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell growth. Our study revealed that arctigenin has the potential for colorectal cancer treatment and may be useful in adjuvant chemotherapy. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/arctigenin-enhances-sensitivity-cisplatin-resistant-colorectal-cancer-cell-act" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/arctigenin-enhances-sensitivity-cisplatin-resistant-colorectal-cancer-cell-act#comments Arctigenin Cancers: Multi-Drug Resistant Colorectal Cancer Autophagy Up-regulation Chemosensitizer Multidrug Resistance Gene Modulators Chemotherapeutic Synergy: Cisplatin In Vitro Study Mon, 14 Oct 2019 00:40:43 +0000 greenmedinfo 198922 at https://greenmedinfo.com