H1N1 Infection https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/6148/all en "Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after 2010-2011 influenza vaccination." https://greenmedinfo.com/article/risk-guillain-barr-syndrome-after-2010-2011-influenza-vaccination-0 PMID:  Eur J Epidemiol. 2013 May ;28(5):433-44. Epub 2013 Mar 31. PMID: 23543123 Abstract Title:  Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after 2010-2011 influenza vaccination. Abstract:  Influenza vaccination has been implicated in Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS) although the evidence for this link is controversial. A case-control study was conducted between October 2010 and May 2011 in seven Italian Regions to explore the relation between influenza vaccination and GBS. The study included 176 GBS incident cases aged ≥18 years from 86 neurological centers. Controls were selected among patients admitted for acute conditions to the Emergency Department of the same hospital as cases. Each control was matched to a case by sex, age, Region and admission date. Two different analyses were conducted: a matched case-control analysis and a self-controlled case series analysis (SCCS). Case-control analysis included 140 cases matched to 308 controls. The adjusted matched odds ratio (OR) for GBS occurrence within 6 weeks after influenza vaccination was 3.8 (95 % CI: 1.3, 10.5). A much stronger association with gastrointestinal infections(OR = 23.8; 95 % CI 7.3, 77.6) and influenza-like illness or upper respiratory tract infections (OR = 11.5; 95 % CI 5.6, 23.5) was highlighted. The SCCS analysis included all 176 GBS cases. Influenza vaccination was associated with GBS, with a relative risk of 2.1 (95 % CI 1.1, 3.9). According to these results the attributable risk in adults ranges from two to five GBS cases per 1,000,000 vaccinations. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/risk-guillain-barr-syndrome-after-2010-2011-influenza-vaccination-0#comments Guillain-Barre Syndrome H1N1 Infection Vaccination: Influenza Human Study Mon, 19 Jan 2015 23:34:57 +0000 greenmedinfo 116061 at https://greenmedinfo.com "Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after 2010-2011 influenza vaccination." https://greenmedinfo.com/article/risk-guillain-barr-syndrome-after-2010-2011-influenza-vaccination PMID:  Eur J Epidemiol. 2013 May ;28(5):433-44. Epub 2013 Mar 31. PMID: 23543123 Abstract Title:  Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after 2010-2011 influenza vaccination. Abstract:  Influenza vaccination has been implicated in Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS) although the evidence for this link is controversial. A case-control study was conducted between October 2010 and May 2011 in seven Italian Regions to explore the relation between influenza vaccination and GBS. The study included 176 GBS incident cases aged ≥18 years from 86 neurological centers. Controls were selected among patients admitted for acute conditions to the Emergency Department of the same hospital as cases. Each control was matched to a case by sex, age, Region and admission date. Two different analyses were conducted: a matched case-control analysis and a self-controlled case series analysis (SCCS). Case-control analysis included 140 cases matched to 308 controls. The adjusted matched odds ratio (OR) for GBS occurrence within 6 weeks after influenza vaccination was 3.8 (95 % CI: 1.3, 10.5). A much stronger association with gastrointestinal infections(OR = 23.8; 95 % CI 7.3, 77.6) and influenza-like illness or upper respiratory tract infections (OR = 11.5; 95 % CI 5.6, 23.5) was highlighted. The SCCS analysis included all 176 GBS cases. Influenza vaccination was associated with GBS, with a relative risk of 2.1 (95 % CI 1.1, 3.9). According to these results the attributable risk in adults ranges from two to five GBS cases per 1,000,000 vaccinations. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/risk-guillain-barr-syndrome-after-2010-2011-influenza-vaccination#comments Guillain-Barre Syndrome H1N1 Infection Vaccination: Influenza Human Study Mon, 19 Jan 2015 23:34:54 +0000 greenmedinfo 116060 at https://greenmedinfo.com 8-Prenylkaempferol, a compound found within the Chinese herb Sophora flavescens, inhibits viral activity within H1N1-infected cells. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/8-prenylkaempferol-compound-found-within-chinese-herb-sophora-flavescens-inhib PMID:  Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2009 Jul 10. PMID: 19592477 Abstract Title:  8-Prenylkaempferol Suppresses Influenza A Virus-Induced RANTES Production in A549 Cells via Blocking PI3K-Mediated Transcriptional Activation of NF-{kappa}B and IRF3. Abstract:  8-Prenylkaempferol (8-PK) is a prenylflavonoid isolated from Sophora flavescens, a Chinese herb with antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated its effect on regulated activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) secretion by influenza A virus (H1N1)-infected A549 alveolar epithelial cells. Cell inoculation with H1N1 evoked a significant induction in RANTES accumulation accompanied with time-related increase in nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), but showed no effect on c-Jun phosphorylation. 8-PK could significantly inhibit not only RANTES production but also NF-kappaB and IRF-3 nuclear translocation. We had proved that both NF-kappaB and IRF-3 participated in H1N1-induced RANTES production since NF-kappaB inhibitor pyrrolidinedithio carbamate (PDTC) and IRF-3 siRNA attenuated significantly RANTES accumulation. H1N1 inoculation also increased PI3K activity as well as Akt phosphorylation and such responsiveness were attenuated by 8-PK. In the presence of wortmannin, nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and IRF3 as well as RANTES production by H1N1 infection were all reversed, demonstrating that PI3K-Akt pathway is essential for NF-kappaB- and IRF-3-mediated RANTES production in A549 cells. Furthermore, 8-PK but not wortmannin, prevented effectively H1N1-evoked IkappaB degradation. In conclusion, 8-PK might be an anti-inflammatory agent for suppressing influenza A virus-induced RANTES production acts by blocking PI3K-mediated transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB and IRF-3 and in part by interfering with IkappaB degradation which subsequently decreases NF-kappaB translocation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/8-prenylkaempferol-compound-found-within-chinese-herb-sophora-flavescens-inhib#comments H1N1 Infection Sophora Flavescens Swine Flu Associated Virus Antiviral Agents In Vitro Study Sat, 18 Jul 2009 01:32:14 +0000 greenmedinfo 45699 at https://greenmedinfo.com A microRNA from honeysuckle directly targets multiple viral genes of various Influenza A viruses and suppresses viral infections. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/microrna-honeysuckle-directly-targets-multiple-viral-genes-various-influenza-v PMID:  Cell Res. 2014 Oct 7. Epub 2014 Oct 7. PMID: 25287280 Abstract Title:  Honeysuckle-encoded atypical microRNA2911 directly targets influenza A viruses. Abstract:  Influenza A viruses (IAVs), particularly H1N1, H5N1 and H7N9, pose a substantial threat to public health worldwide. Here, we report that MIR2911, a honeysuckle (HS)-encoded atypical microRNA, directly targets IAVs with a broad spectrum. MIR2911 is highly stable in HS decoction, and continuous drinking or gavage feeding of HS decoction leads to a significant elevation of the MIR2911 level in mouse peripheral blood and lung. Bioinformatics prediction and a luciferase reporter assay showed that MIR2911 could target various IAVs, including H1N1, H5N1 and H7N9. Synthetic MIR2911 significantly inhibited H1N1-encoded PB2 and NS1 protein expression, but did not affect mutants in which the MIR2911-binding nucleotide sequences were altered. Synthetic MIR2911, extracted RNA from HS decoction and HS decoction all significantly inhibited H1N1 viral replication and rescued viral infection-induced mouse weight loss, but did not affect infection with a mutant virus in which the MIR2911-binding nucleotide sequences of PB2 and NS1 were altered. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of HS decoction on viral replication was abolished by an anti-MIR2911 antagomir, indicating that the physiological concentration of MIR2911 in HS decoction could directly and sufficiently suppress H1N1 viral replication. MIR2911 also inhibited H5N1 and H7N9 viral replication in vitro and in vivo. Strikingly, administration of MIR2911 or HS decoction dramatically reduced mouse mortality caused by H5N1 infection. Our results demonstrate that MIR2911 is the first active component identified in Traditional Chinese Medicine to directly target various IAVs and may represent a novel type of natural product that effectively suppresses viral infection.Cell Research advance online publication 7 October 2014; doi:10.1038/cr.2014.130. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/microrna-honeysuckle-directly-targets-multiple-viral-genes-various-influenza-v#comments H1N1 Infection H5N1 Infection Influenza A Antiviral Agents MicroRNA Plant Extracts Traditional Chinese Medicine Animal Study In Vitro Study Fri, 10 Oct 2014 01:46:10 +0000 greenmedinfo 114955 at https://greenmedinfo.com A resveratrol derivative inhibits H1N1 induced inflammation in alveolar epihelial cells. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/resveratrol-derivative-inhibits-h1n1-induced-inflammation-alveolar-epihelial-c PMID:  Planta Med. 2008 Feb;74(2):156-62. Epub 2008 Jan 31. PMID: 18240103 Abstract Title:  (+)-Vitisin A inhibits influenza A virus-induced RANTES production in A549 alveolar epithelial cells through interference with Akt and STAT1 phosphorylation. Abstract:  Airway epithelial cells are the initial sites of influenza virus infection. They participate in the airway inflammatory response by expressing various chemokines such as regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). In the present investigation, the effects of five stilbenes previously isolated from the roots of Vitis thunbergii on RANTES produced by influenza A virus (H1N1)-infected A549 alveolar epithelial cells were studied. We identified (+)-vitisin A, a tetramer of resveratrol, as a potent agent that inhibits RANTES secretion (EC (50): 0.27 microM). However, resveratrol exhibited a much smaller effect (EC (50): 28.37 microM). H1N1 infection increased the time-dependent phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT (1) and of Akt (a downstream effector protein of PI3K). When the PI3K-Akt pathway was blocked by wortmannin, H1N1-stimulated STAT (1) phosphorylation and RANTES production were both abrogated, demonstrating that the PI3K-Akt pathway is necessary for STAT (1) activation and RANTES production in A549 cells. Furthermore, H1N1-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and STAT (1) were also significantly attenuated by (+)-vitisin A. These results suggested that (+)-vitisin A might be a potent anti-inflammatory agent that inhibits influenza A virus-induced RANTES production by interfering with Akt- and STAT (1)-related signal pathways.   https://greenmedinfo.com/article/resveratrol-derivative-inhibits-h1n1-induced-inflammation-alveolar-epihelial-c#comments H1N1 Infection Resveratrol Swine Flu Associated Virus In Vitro Study Sat, 01 Aug 2009 04:38:25 +0000 greenmedinfo 46337 at https://greenmedinfo.com Administration of isoliquiritigenin reduced lung viral titers and morbidity of mice infected with the PR8/H1N1 virus. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/administration-isoliquiritigenin-reduced-lung-viral-titers-and-morbidity-mice- PMID:  Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Oct ;59(10):6317-27. Epub 2015 Jul 27. PMID: 26248373 Abstract Title:  The Flavonoid Isoliquiritigenin Reduces Lung Inflammation and Mouse Morbidity during Influenza Virus Infection. Abstract:  The host response to influenza virus infection is characterized by an acute lung inflammatory response in which intense inflammatory cell recruitment, hypercytokinemia, and a high level of oxidative stress are present. The sum of these events contributes to the virus-induced lung damage that leads to high a level of morbidity and mortality in susceptible infected patients. In this context, we identified compounds that can simultaneously reduce the excessive inflammatory response and the viral replication as a strategy to treat influenza virus infection. We investigated the anti-inflammatory and antiviral potential activities of isoliquiritigenin (ILG). Interestingly, we demonstrated that ILG is a potent inhibitor of influenza virus replication in human bronchial epithelial cells (50% effective concentration [EC50] = 24.7μM). In addition, our results showed that this molecule inhibits the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced after the infection of cells with influenza virus. We demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory activity of ILG in the context of influenza virus infection is dependent on the activationof the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma pathway. Interestingly, ILG phosphate (ILG-p)-treated mice displayed decreased lung inflammation as depicted by reduced cytokine gene expression and inflammatory cell recruitment. We also demonstrated that influenza virus-specific CD8(+) effector T cell recruitment was reduced up to 60% in the lungs of mice treated with ILG-p (10 mg/kg) compared to that in saline-treated mice. Finally, we showed that administration of ILG-p reduced lung viral titers and morbidity of mice infected with the PR8/H1N1 virus. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/administration-isoliquiritigenin-reduced-lung-viral-titers-and-morbidity-mice-#comments H1N1 Infection Influenza A Isoliquiritigenin Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antiviral Agents Animal Study Wed, 23 Sep 2015 02:10:51 +0000 greenmedinfo 120587 at https://greenmedinfo.com AHCC increases resistance to influenza A (strains H1N1, PR8) https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ahcc-increases-resistance-influenza-strains-h1n1-pr8 PMID:  JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2006 Jan-Feb;30(1):10-5. PMID: 17056815 Abstract Title:  Supplementation with active hexose correlated compound increases the innate immune response of young mice to primary influenza infection. Abstract:  The emergence of H5N1 avian influenza and the threat of new or adapted viruses in bioterrorism have created an urgent interest in identifying agents to enhance the immune response to primary virus infection. Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) is a natural mushroom extract reported to increase natural killer (NK) cell activity, survival, and bacterial clearance in young mice. However, the effects of AHCC on the response to viral infections have not been studied. In this study, young C57BL/6 mice were supplemented with 1 g AHCC/(kg body weight x d) for 1 wk prior to and throughout infection with influenza A (H1N1, PR8). Supplementation increased survival, decreased the severity of infection, and shortened recovery time following intranasal infection with flu, as determined by the recovery of body weight and epithelial integrity in the lungs. AHCC increased NK activity in lungs at d 1 (P < 0.05) and d 4 (P < 0.01) and in the spleen at d 2 postinfection (P < 0.01). Supplementation increased the percentage (P < 0.05) and number (P < 0.01) of NK1.1+ cells in the lung and reduced the infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages compared with controls (P < 0.01). These data suggest that AHCC supplementation boosts NK activity, improves survival, and reduces the severity of influenza infection in young mice. Bolstering innate immunity with dietary bioactives may be one avenue for improving the immune response to primary flu infection.   https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ahcc-increases-resistance-influenza-strains-h1n1-pr8#comments AHCC H1N1 Infection Influenza A Animal Study Mon, 20 Apr 2009 06:14:59 +0000 greenmedinfo 42823 at https://greenmedinfo.com AHCC, a mushroom-derived compound, improves the survival of mice infected with the H1N1 influenza strain. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ahcc-mushroom-derived-compound-improves-survival-mice-infected-h1n1-influenza- PMID:  Nutr Res. 2009 Feb;29(2):139-43. PMID: 19285605 Abstract Title:  Low-dose supplementation with active hexose correlated compound improves the immune response to acute influenza infection in C57BL/6 mice. Abstract:  Supplementation with mushroom-derived active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) modulates immunity and increases survival in response to a broad spectrum of acute infections, including influenza virus infection. However, dose-response data are nonexistent. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate AHCC supplementation at various doses and determine the effects of low-dose supplementation on the immune response in a mouse model of influenza virus infection. We hypothesized that AHCC supplementation would influence the immune response to influenza infection in a dose-dependent manner. Male C57BL/6 mice were supplemented with AHCC at daily doses of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 g/kg and infected intranasally with influenza A virus (H1N1, PR8). Supplemented mice demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in survival and reduction in the loss of body weight. To further evaluate the effects of low-dose AHCC supplementation on the immune response to influenza infection, mice were supplemented with 0.1 g/kg per day and infected with a sublethal dose of influenza virus. Supplemented mice exhibited enhanced virus clearance and decreased weight loss compared to controls. Low-dose supplementation did not influence total natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, although lytic efficiency was increased in the spleens of AHCC-supplemented mice, indicating enhanced NK cell function per cell. In conclusion, these data suggest that the effects of AHCC on the immune response to influenza infection are dose dependent and that low-dose AHCC supplementation improves the response to influenza infection despite no effect on total NK cell cytotoxicity. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ahcc-mushroom-derived-compound-improves-survival-mice-infected-h1n1-influenza-#comments AHCC H1N1 Infection Swine Flu Associated Virus Antiviral Agents Animal Study Sat, 18 Jul 2009 01:39:31 +0000 greenmedinfo 45702 at https://greenmedinfo.com Apigenin could be a alternative to Oseltamivir and Zanamivir with improved predicted binding properties. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/apigenin-could-be-alternative-oseltamivir-and-zanamivir-improved-predicted-bin PMID:  Bioinformation. 2015 ;11(4):196-202. Epub 2015 Apr 30. PMID: 26124560 Abstract Title:  Molecular docking of selected phytocompounds with H1N1 Proteins. Abstract:  The H1N1 influenza virus is a serious threat to human population. Oseltamivir and Zanamivir are known antiviral drugs for swine flu with observed side effects. These drugs are viral neuraminidase and hemagglutinin inhibitor prevents early virus multiplication by blocking sialic acid cleavage on host cells. Therefore, it is of interest to identify naturally occurring novel compounds to control viral growth. Thus, H1N1 proteins (neuraminidase and hemagglutinin) were screened with phytocompounds isolated from Tulsi plant (Ocimum sanctum L.) using molecular docking tools. This identified Apigenin as an alternative to Oseltamivir and Zanamivir with improved predicted binding properties. Hence, it is of interest to consider this compound for further in vitro and in vivo evaluation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/apigenin-could-be-alternative-oseltamivir-and-zanamivir-improved-predicted-bin#comments Apigenin H1N1 Infection Holy Basil Influenza A Antiviral Agents Natural Substances Versus Drugs In Vitro Study Thu, 02 Jul 2015 20:15:54 +0000 greenmedinfo 118676 at https://greenmedinfo.com Aqueous extracts from Toona sinensis roem may be used as an alternative treatment and prophylaxis against influenza A virus. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/aqueous-extracts-toona-sinensis-roem-may-be-used-alternative-treatment-and-pro PMID:  Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013 ;2013:479718. Epub 2013 Sep 2. PMID: 24073006 Abstract Title:  The Effectiveness and Mechanism of Toona sinensis Extract Inhibit Attachment of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus. Abstract:  TSL-1 is a fraction of the aqueous extract from the tender leaf of Toona sinensis Roem, a nutritious vegetable. The pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus is a recently described, rapidly contagious respiratory pathogen which can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and poses a major public health threat. In this study, we found that TSL-1 inhibited viral yields on MDCK plaque formation by pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus on infected A549 cells with high selectivity index. Meanwhile, TSL-1 also suppressed viral genome loads in infected A549 cells, quantified by qRT-PCR. This study further demonstrated that TSL-1 inhibited pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus activity through preventing attachment of A549 cells but not penetration. TSL-1 inhibited viral attachment through significant downregulation of adhesion molecules and chemokines (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, IL-8, and fractalkine) compared to Amantadine. Our results suggest that TSL-1 may be used as an alternative treatment and prophylaxis against pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/aqueous-extracts-toona-sinensis-roem-may-be-used-alternative-treatment-and-pro#comments H1N1 Infection Influenza A Toona sinensis Antiviral Agents Prophylactic Agents Gene Expression Plant Extracts Superiority of Natural Substances versus Drugs In Vitro Study Wed, 25 Nov 2015 23:50:37 +0000 greenmedinfo 121775 at https://greenmedinfo.com Asafoetida contains compounds with antiviral activity against influenza A (H1N1). https://greenmedinfo.com/article/asafoetida-contains-compounds-antiviral-activity-against-influenza-h1n1 PMID:  J Nat Prod. 2009 Sep;72(9):1568-72. PMID: 19691312 Abstract Title:  Influenza A (H(1)N(1)) Antiviral and Cytotoxic Agents from Ferula assa-foetida. Abstract:  Two new sesquiterpene coumarins, designated 5'-acetoxy-8'-hydroxyumbelliprenin (1) and 10'R-acetoxy-11'-hydroxyumbelliprenin (2), and a new diterpene, 15-hydroxy-6-en-dehydroabietic acid (3), along with 27 known compounds, were isolated from a CHCl(3)-soluble extract of Ferula assa-foetida through bioassay-guided fractionation. The structures of the new metabolites 1-3 were identified by spectroscopic data interpretation and by the Mosher ester method. Compounds 4 and 6-13 showed greater potency against influenza A virus (H(1)N(1)) (IC(50) 0.26-0.86 microg/mL) than amantadine (IC(50) 0.92 microg/mL), and 11 exhibited the best potency (IC(50) 0.51, 2.6, and 3.4 microg/mL) of these compounds against the HepG2, Hep3B, and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, respectively. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/asafoetida-contains-compounds-antiviral-activity-against-influenza-h1n1#comments Asafoetida H1N1 Infection Antiviral Agents Superiority of Natural Substances versus Drugs In Vitro Study Thu, 04 Feb 2010 13:09:52 +0000 greenmedinfo 50844 at https://greenmedinfo.com Beet extract protects against experimental influenza infection. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/beet-extract-protects-against-experimental-influenza-infection PMID:  Virologie. 1986 Apr-Jun;37(2):121-3. PMID: 3727395 Abstract Title:  Prophylactic effect of a Beta vulgaris extract on experimental influenza infection in mice. Abstract:  An aqueous Beta vulgaris extract was repeatedly administered to mice by intranasal (i.n.) instillation, prior to i.n. inoculation of influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). The extract conferred a partial protection against the experimental influenza infection: there was a significant decrease in the hemagglutination titers recorded in mouse lung homogenates, a decrease in mortality rate and an increase in the mean survival time as compared with the untreated, virus-inoculated controls. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/beet-extract-protects-against-experimental-influenza-infection#comments Beet H1N1 Infection Influenza A Viral Hemagglutinin Inhibitor Animal Study Mon, 07 Sep 2009 19:38:31 +0000 greenmedinfo 46928 at https://greenmedinfo.com Caffeine demonstrates anti-influenza activity. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/caffeine-demonstrates-anti-influenza-activity PMID:  Clin Ther. 2003 May;25(5):1429-39. PMID: 4002618 Abstract Title:  Effect of caffeine on experimental influenza in mice. Abstract:  Three 50-gamma, 125-gamma or 250-gamma doses of caffeine were administered to mice by intranasal (i.n.) route, either before or after i.n. inoculation of influenza virus A/PR8/34 (H1N1) A decrease in mortality by 30-50%, a slight increase in mean survival time and a significant decrease in the hemagglutinating (HA) titer of the virus were achieved by application of 125-gamma doses prior to virus inoculation. When given after inoculation caffeine appeared to induce only a reduction in HA titers. The HA capacity of an influenza virus suspension was significantly reduced by in vitro contact with caffeine. The possible mechanism underlying the antiinfluenza effect of caffeine is briefly discussed. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/caffeine-demonstrates-anti-influenza-activity#comments Caffeine H1N1 Infection Influenza A Viral Hemagglutinin Inhibitor Animal Study Mon, 07 Sep 2009 19:48:38 +0000 greenmedinfo 46931 at https://greenmedinfo.com Cinnamon has antiviral activity against various influenza viruses. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cinnamon-has-antiviral-activity-against-various-influenza-viruses PMID:  Antiviral Res. 2007 Apr;74(1):1-8. Epub 2007 Jan 26 PMID: 17303260 Abstract Title:  Inhibitory effect of cinnamaldehyde, derived from Cinnamomi cortex, on the growth of influenza A/PR/8 virus in vitro and in vivo. Abstract:  We have investigated the inhibitory effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde (CA), one of the principal constituents of essential oil derived from Cinnamomi cortex, on the growth of influenza A/PR/8 virus in vitro and in vivo. When 1-h drug treatment was initiated at various times post-infection (p.i.) in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells using a fixed dose of CA (40 microM), the maximum inhibitory effect (29.7% virus yield of control) was obtained when drug treatment was started at 3h p.i. Under the same treatment schedule, CA inhibited the virus growth in a dose-dependent manner (20-200 microM), and, at 200 microM, the virus yield was reduced to an undetectable level. RT-PCR and SDS-PAGE analyses showed that CA inhibited viral protein synthesis at the post-transcriptional level. In mice infected with the lung-adapted PR-8 virus, inhalation (50mg/cage/day) and nasal inoculation (250 microg/mouse/day) of CA significantly increased survival rates on the 8 days to 100% and 70%, respectively, in contrast to a survival rate of 20% in the untreated control group. Importantly, inhalation of CA caused virus yield reduction by 1 log in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid on day 6 after infection, compared with that of the untreated control group. These findings might provide further support to the empirical indication of Cinnamomi cortex-containing Kampo medicines for acute respiratory infectious diseases.   https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cinnamon-has-antiviral-activity-against-various-influenza-viruses#comments Cinnamon H1N1 Infection Human Influenza Influenza A Antiviral Agents Animal Study Thu, 30 Apr 2009 19:44:10 +0000 greenmedinfo 44036 at https://greenmedinfo.com Clinacanthus siamensis extract may have a protective effect against H1N1 viral infection. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/clinacanthus-siamensis-extract-may-have-protective-effect-against-h1n1-viral-i PMID:  Microbiol Immunol. 2009 Feb;53(2):66-74. PMID: 19291089 Abstract Title:  Effects of Clinacanthus siamensis leaf extract on influenza virus infection. Abstract:  Ethanolic extracts of 20 medicinal plants were screened for influenza virus NA inhibition and in vitro antiviral activities using MDCK cells in an MTT assay. The vaccine proteins of influenza virus A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1), mouse-adapted influenza virus A/Guizhou/54/89 (A/G)(H3N2) and mouse-adapted influenza virus B/Ibaraki/2/85 (B/I) were used in the NA inhibition assay, and mouse-adapted influenza viruses A/PR/8/34 (H1N1), A/G and B/I were used in the in vitro antiviral assay. The results of the in vitro antiviral assay indicated that the A/G virus was the most susceptible and an extract of the leaf of CS possessed the highest in vitro anti-A/G virus activity (41.98%). Therefore, the A/G virus and the CS extract were selected for studying in vivo anti-influenza virus activity. BALB/c mice were treated with CS extract (100 mg/kg per day, 5 times) orally from 4 hr before to 4 days after infection. CS extract elicited significant production of anti-influenza virus IgG(1) antibody in BAW and increased mouse weight compared to oseltamivir (0.1 mg/kg per day) on day 19 or water on days 17-19 of infection. Moreover, CS extract produced a higher anti-influenza virus IgA antibody level in BAW compared to oseltamivir, and a tendency towards an increase in anti-influenza virus IgA compared to water was shown. The results suggest that CS extract has a protective effect against influenza virus infection. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/clinacanthus-siamensis-extract-may-have-protective-effect-against-h1n1-viral-i#comments Clinacanthus siamensis H1N1 Infection Influenza Influenza A Swine Flu Associated Virus Antiviral Agents Animal Study Sun, 26 Jul 2009 14:19:06 +0000 greenmedinfo 46097 at https://greenmedinfo.com