Pesticide Toxicity https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/6309/all en Endocrine disruptors from the environment affecting breast cancer. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/endocrine-disruptors-environment-affecting-breast-cancer PMID:  Oncol Lett. 2020 Jul ;20(1):19-32. Epub 2020 Apr 22. PMID: 32565930 Abstract Title:  Endocrine disruptors from the environment affecting breast cancer. Abstract:  Evaluation of carcinogenic substances from the environment is a challenge for scientists. Recently, a novel approach based on 10 key characteristics of human carcinogens classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has emerged. Carcinogenesis depends on different mechanisms and factors, including genetic, infectious (bacteria, viruses) and environmental (chemicals) factors. Endocrine disruptors are exogenous chemicals that can interfere and impair the function of the endocrine system due to their interaction with estrogen receptors or their estrogen signaling pathways inducing adverse effects in the normal mammary development, originating cancer. They are heterogeneous chemicals and include numerous synthetic substances used worldwide in agriculture, industry and consumer products. The most common are plasticizers, such as bisphenol A (BPA), pesticides, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Xenoestrogens appear to serve an important role in the increased incidence of breast cancer in the United States and numerous other countries. Several studies have demonstrated the role of organochlorine xenoestrogens in breast cancer. Therefore, the overall cumulative exposure of women to estrogens results in an increased risk for this type of cancer. Factors like lifestyle and diet also serve a role in the increased incidence of this disease. The aim of the present study was to analyze these chemical compounds based on the key characteristics given by the IARC, with a special focus on breast cancer, to establish whether these compounds are carcinogens, and to create a model for future analysis of other endocrine disruptors. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/endocrine-disruptors-environment-affecting-breast-cancer" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/endocrine-disruptors-environment-affecting-breast-cancer#comments Bisphenol Toxicity Breast Cancer Pesticide Toxicity Bisphenol A Pesticides Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Risk Factors Review Tue, 20 Oct 2020 17:41:40 +0000 greenmedinfo 228376 at https://greenmedinfo.com low dose alpha-cypermethrin exposure induced several metabolic and redox alterations leading to maternal physiological impairments and to fetal metabolic changes. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/low-dose-alpha-cypermethrin-exposure-induced-several-metabolic-and-redox-alter PMID:  Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2016 Nov ;134:49-54. Epub 2016 Apr 19. PMID: 27914539 Abstract Title:  The effects of alpha-cypermethrin exposure on biochemical and redox parameters in pregnant rats and their newborns. Abstract:  Pyrethroid insecticides are extensively used in agriculture and in household activities. During pregnancy, they might affect maternal metabolic status and there after fetal development. In this work, we studied metabolic and redox effects of low dose alpha-cypermethrin exposure in pregnant rats and their offspring. The diet containing alpha cypermethrin at 0.02mg/kg/day was consumed during the entire gestation. Plasma biochemical parameters as well as liver lipid and oxidative stress markers were determined. Our results showed that alpha-cypermethrin induced an increase in body weight and in plasma glucose and lipid levels, as well as in plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities in pregnant rats and their newborns. Pregnant rats showed cellular oxidative stress and altered oxidant-antioxidant status when treated by the insecticide and these disturbances were also seen in their newborns. In conclusion, low dose alpha-cypermethrin exposure induced several metabolic and redox alterations leading to maternal physiological impairments and to fetal metabolic changes. Alpha-cypermethrin should be used with caution especially during pregnancy. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/low-dose-alpha-cypermethrin-exposure-induced-several-metabolic-and-redox-alter" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/low-dose-alpha-cypermethrin-exposure-induced-several-metabolic-and-redox-alter#comments Fetal Origin of Adult Disease Oxidative Stress Pesticide Toxicity Prenatal Chemical Exposures Cypermethrin Risk Reduction Animal Study Tue, 26 Sep 2017 23:32:11 +0000 greenmedinfo 153421 at https://greenmedinfo.com Neuroprotective effect of white Nelumbo nucifera petal tea in rats poisoned with mancozeb. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/neuroprotective-effect-white-nelumbo-nucifera-petal-tea-rats-poisoned-mancozeb PMID:  Foods. 2023 May 28 ;12(11). Epub 2023 May 28. PMID: 37297420 Abstract Title:  Neuroprotective Effect of WhiteGaertn. Petal Tea in Rats Poisoned with Mancozeb. Abstract:  Gaertn. () tea is used as food and folk medicine to reduce toxicity in Southeast Asia. Mancozeb (Mz) is used for controlling fungi in agriculture and contains heavy metals. This study aimed to examine the effect of whitepetal tea on cognitive behavior, hippocampus histology, oxidative stress, and amino acid metabolism in rats poisoned with mancozeb. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into nine groups (= 8 in each). Y-maze spontaneous alternation test was used to assess cognitive behavior, and amino acid metabolism was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-NMR) from blood. There was a significant increase in relative brain weight in the Mz co-administered with the highest dose (2.20 mg/kg bw) of whitegroup. The levels of tryptophan, kynurenine, picolinic acid, and serotonin in blood showed a significant decrease in the Mz group and a significant increase in the Mz co-administered with low dose (0.55 mg/kg bw) of whitegroup. However, there was no significant difference in cognitive behavior, hippocampus histology, oxidative stress, and corticosterone. This study demonstrated that a low dose of whitepetal tea has a neuroprotective effect against mancozeb. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/neuroprotective-effect-white-nelumbo-nucifera-petal-tea-rats-poisoned-mancozeb" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/neuroprotective-effect-white-nelumbo-nucifera-petal-tea-rats-poisoned-mancozeb#comments Lotus Pesticide Toxicity Neuroprotective Agents Pesticides Animal Study Sat, 19 Aug 2023 19:05:01 +0000 greenmedinfo 278589 at https://greenmedinfo.com Thyroid disrupting pesticides mancozeb and fipronil in mixture caused oxidative damage and genotoxicity in lymphoid organs of mice. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/thyroid-disrupting-pesticides-mancozeb-and-fipronil-mixture-caused-oxidative-d PMID:  Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2020 May 13 ;79:103408. Epub 2020 May 13. PMID: 32413496 Abstract Title:  Thyroid disrupting pesticides mancozeb and fipronil in mixture caused oxidative damage and genotoxicity in lymphoid organs of mice. Abstract:  The interference in endocrine signaling in particular of hypothyroid-pituitary-thyroid axis during embryonic/neonatal development increases the risk of long-lasting immune dysfunctioning. Anticipating that, environmentally realistic exposure of established thyroid disrupting pesticides of dithiocarbamate group mancozeb and phenylpyrazole fipronil was given to mice as individual and as mixtures (MIX-I/MIX-II) during the critical initiation phase of the immune response from postnatal day (PND) 31 till PND 60 (maturation phase). The direct exposure effect was assessed at PND 61 and the persistent effect was assessed at PND 91. Pronounced oxidative stress/genotoxicity in lymphoid organs at even low dose mixture exposure of pesticides (MIX-I/ MIX-II) continued to suppress the immune system till adulthood; might be due to the synergistic/additive action. The oxidative stress/genotoxicity effect was prevented on T4 supplementation to inhibit immunotoxicity as T4 is an immune enhancer and antioxidants. Oxidative stress/genotoxicity is suggested as a mechanism of thyroid disruption mediated immune suppression. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/thyroid-disrupting-pesticides-mancozeb-and-fipronil-mixture-caused-oxidative-d" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/thyroid-disrupting-pesticides-mancozeb-and-fipronil-mixture-caused-oxidative-d#comments DNA damage Oxidative Stress Pesticide Toxicity Immunosuppressive Pesticides Animal Study Fri, 14 Aug 2020 18:22:56 +0000 greenmedinfo 225249 at https://greenmedinfo.com "Curcumin protects against the oxidative damage induced by the pesticide parathion in the hippocampus of the rat brain." https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-protects-against-oxidative-damage-induced-pesticide-parathion-hippoca PMID:  Nutr Neurosci. 2012 Feb 2. Epub 2012 Feb 2. PMID: 22333997 Abstract Title:  Curcumin protects against the oxidative damage induced by the pesticide parathion in the hippocampus of the rat brain. Abstract:  One of the main concerns regarding organophosphate pesticides (OP) is their possible toxic effects. Doses that do not produce acute toxicity are capable of altering the structure and biochemistry of different tissues and organs by production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Curcumin (CUR) is the main substance in Curcuma longa (Zingiberacea) rhizome that has strong antioxidant activity. However, the neuroprotective properties of curcumin against oxidative stress induced by prolonged exposure to parathion (PAR) is not clear. OBJECTIVE: The present work evaluated the protective effect of curcumin against the oxidative damage induced in the rat hippocampus by the OP PAR. METHODS: Forty female Wistar rats were distributed in four groups as follows: exposed to PAR by inhalation (PAR group); pre-treated with CUR and then exposed to PAR by inhalation, (CUR + PAR group); exposed to environmental air and treated with CUR in the food (CUR group); and exposed to environmental air (the control group). At the end of the handling process, the concentration of erythrocyte cholinesterase was monitored, as indicator of PAR intoxication and lipoperoxidation,immunohistochemistry for astrocytes, and activated microglia and apoptosis was determined in the hippocampus. RESULTS: In the present study, we show that the administration of CUR (200 mg/kg body weight) significantly diminished the oxidative damage in the hippocampus of rats exposed to the OP PAR.DISCUSSION: These data suggest that CUR may be an alternative to prevent neurodegenerative damage after pesticide exposure. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-protects-against-oxidative-damage-induced-pesticide-parathion-hippoca#comments Brain Injury: Hippocampal Damage Curcumin Pesticide Toxicity Neuroprotective Agents Neurotoxic Parathion Animal Study Fri, 17 Feb 2012 18:33:59 +0000 greenmedinfo 71234 at https://greenmedinfo.com "Effect of pesticides on cell survival in liver and brain rat tissues." https://greenmedinfo.com/article/effect-pesticides-cell-survival-liver-and-brain-rat-tissues PMID:  Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2009 Oct ;72(7):2025-32. Epub 2009 Jun 2. PMID: 19493570 Abstract Title:  Effect of pesticides on cell survival in liver and brain rat tissues. Abstract:  Pesticides are the main environmental factor associated with the etiology of human neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson&#039;s disease. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that the treatment of rats with low doses of dimethoate, zineb or glyphosate alone or in combination induces oxidative stress (OS) in liver and brain. The aim of the present work was to investigate if the pesticide-induced OS was able to affect brain and liver cell survival. The treatment of Wistar rats with the pesticides (i.p. 1/250 LD50, three times a week for 5 weeks) caused loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and cardiolipin content, especially in substantia nigra (SN), with a concomitant increase of fatty acid peroxidation. The activation of calpain apoptotic cascade (instead of the caspase-dependent pathway) would be responsible for the DNA fragmentation pattern observed. Thus, these results may contribute to understand the effect(s) of chronic and simultaneous exposure to pesticides on cell survival. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/effect-pesticides-cell-survival-liver-and-brain-rat-tissues#comments Chemically-Induced Liver Damage Glyphosate Toxicity Lipid Peroxidation Neurotoxicity Parkinson's Disease Pesticide Toxicity Apoptotic Dimethoate Glyphosate Hepatotoxic Neurotoxic Oxidant Pesticides Zineb In Vitro Study Tue, 17 Apr 2012 14:02:13 +0000 greenmedinfo 74403 at https://greenmedinfo.com 7 Ways Probiotics DETOXIFY Your Body https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/7-ways-probiotics-help-you-detoxify-your-health <div class="copyright">This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2020<br/><strong><a href="/greenmedinfocom-re-post-guidelines">Visit our Re-post guidelines</a></strong></div><p class="rtecenter"><img alt="7 Ways Probiotics Help You To DETOXIFY Your Health" src="//cdn.greenmedinfo.com/sites/default/files/ckeditor/Sayer Ji/images/detoxify_your_health.jpg" style="height: 400px; width: 600px;" title="7 Ways Probiotics DETOXIFY Your Body" /></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px;"><em><strong>Did you know that probiotic bacteria are capable of helping you detoxify the most noxious chemicals known to humankind?&nbsp;</strong></em></span></p><p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/7-ways-probiotics-help-you-detoxify-your-health" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/7-ways-probiotics-help-you-detoxify-your-health#comments Bifidobacterium Bifidum Bifidobacterium Breve Bisphenol Toxicity Fermented Foods and Beverages Kimchi Lactobacillus casei Lactobacillus casei: Shirota Lactobacillus probiotics Nitrosamnine-induced Toxicity Perchlorate Toxicity Pesticide Toxicity Pesticide-Induced Toxicity: Organophosphates Probiotics Sodium nitrate toxicity Detoxifier Health Guide: Probiotics Heavy Metals Heterocyclic Aromatic Amine N-Nitrosamines Perchlorate Bisphenol Toxicity Detoxifier Heavy metals Heterocyclic Aromatic Amine N-Nitrosamines Perchlorate Fri, 30 Mar 2018 13:09:26 +0000 Sayer Ji 113213 at https://greenmedinfo.com 79 different pesticides and metabolites were observed in pollen and 56 were observed in wax samples. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/79-different-pesticides-and-metabolites-were-observed-pollen-and-56-were-obser PMID:  Insects. 2019 Jan 8 ;10(1). Epub 2019 Jan 8. PMID: 30626027 Abstract Title:  Honey Bee Exposure to Pesticides: A Four-Year Nationwide Study. Abstract:  Pollinators, including honey bees, are responsible for the successful reproduction of more than 87% of flowering plant species: they are thus vital to ecosystem health and agricultural services world-wide. To investigate honey bee exposure to pesticides, 168 pollen samples and 142 wax comb samples were collected from colonies within six stationary apiaries in six U.S. states. These samples were analyzed for evidence of pesticides. Samples were taken bi-weekly when each colony was active. Each apiary included thirty colonies, of which five randomly chosen colonies in each apiary were sampled for pollen. The pollen samples were separately pooled by apiary. There were a total of 714 detections in the collected pollen and 1008 detections in collected wax. A total of 91 different compounds were detected: of these, 79 different pesticides and metabolites were observed in the pollen and 56 were observed in the wax. In all years, insecticides were detected more frequently than were fungicides or herbicides: one third of the detected pesticides were found only in pollen. The mean (standard deviation (SD)) number of detections per pooled pollen sample varied by location from 1.1 (1.1) to 8.7 (2.1). Ten different modes of action were found across all four years and nine additional modes of action occurred in only one year. If synergy in toxicological response is a function of simultaneous occurrence of multiple distinct modes of action, then a high frequency of potential synergies was found in pollen and wax-comb samples. Because only pooled pollen samples were obtained from each apiary, and these from only five colonies per apiary per year, more data are needed to adequately evaluate the differences in pesticide exposure risk to honey bees among colonies in the same apiary and by year and location. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/79-different-pesticides-and-metabolites-were-observed-pollen-and-56-were-obser" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/79-different-pesticides-and-metabolites-were-observed-pollen-and-56-were-obser#comments Pesticide Toxicity Pesticides Bee Colony Collapse Synergistic Toxicity In Vitro Study Fri, 25 Jan 2019 18:12:42 +0000 greenmedinfo 178305 at https://greenmedinfo.com A 6-Gingerol-rich fraction from ginger protective effects on chlorpyrifos induced toxicity in the brain and reproductive organs of rats. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/6-gingerol-rich-fraction-ginger-protective-effects-chlorpyrifos-induced-toxici PMID:  Chem Biol Interact. 2017 May 25 ;270:15-23. Epub 2017 Mar 31. PMID: 28373059 Abstract Title:  Protective properties of 6-gingerol-rich fraction from Zingiber officinale (Ginger) on chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in the brain, ovary and uterus of rats. Abstract:  Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus pesticide widely used in agricultural applications and household environments. 6-Gingerol-rich fraction from Zingiber officinale (Ginger, 6-GRF) has been reported to possess potent anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Here, we investigated the protective properties of 6-GRF on CPF-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in the brain, ovary and uterus of rats. Five groups of rats containing 14 rats/group received corn oil (control), CPF (5 mg/kg), 6-GRF (100 mg/kg), CPF (5 mg/kg) + 6-GRF (50 mg/kg) and CPF (5 mg/kg) + 6-GRF (100 mg/kg) through gavage once per day for 35 days respectively. The results showed that 6-GRF protected against CPF-induced increases in oxidative stress ((hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde(MDA)), inflammatory (myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF- α)), and apoptotic (caspase-3) markers. Also, 6-GRF improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) as well as glutathione (GSH) level in the brain, ovary and uterus of rats exposed to CPF (p <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/6-gingerol-rich-fraction-ginger-protective-effects-chlorpyrifos-induced-toxici" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/6-gingerol-rich-fraction-ginger-protective-effects-chlorpyrifos-induced-toxici#comments Gingerol Pesticide Toxicity Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antioxidants Chlorpyrifos Neuroprotective Agents Animal Study Thu, 11 May 2017 23:09:20 +0000 greenmedinfo 147650 at https://greenmedinfo.com A combination of vitamin E, vitamin C, alpha-lipoic acid and stilbene resveratrol ameliorates lindane insecticide induced toxicity in mice. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/combination-vitamin-e-vitamin-c-alpha-lipoic-acid-and-stilbene-resveratrol-ame PMID:  Indian J Exp Biol. 2010 Feb;48(2):150-8. PMID: 20455324 Abstract Title:  Ameliorative effect of a combination of vitamin E, vitamin C, alpha-lipoic acid and stilbene resveratrol on lindane induced toxicity in mice olfactory lobe and cerebrum. Abstract:  Acute dose of lindane (40 mg/kg body weight, ip) caused significant reduction in butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity both in olfactory lobe and cerebrum of mice along with reduction in catalase (CAT), total protein and elevation in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cholesterol contents. Pretreatment by a combination of antioxidants, vitamin E, vitamin C, a- lipoic acid and stilbene resveratrol (125 mg/kg body weight, ip) significantly augment the altered level of BChE and protect the other parameters in both the brain regions. The results were adequately in agreement with the histochemical findings, suggesting the neuroprotective efficacy of combination of antioxidants studied on the lindane induced neurotoxicity. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/combination-vitamin-e-vitamin-c-alpha-lipoic-acid-and-stilbene-resveratrol-ame#comments Alpha-Lipoic Acid Pesticide Toxicity Resveratrol Vitamin C Vitamin E Antioxidants Neuroprotective Agents Stilbenes Animal Study Sat, 25 Sep 2010 19:14:23 +0000 greenmedinfo 57179 at https://greenmedinfo.com A common neonicotinoid pesticide, thiamethoxam, impairs honey bee flight ability. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/common-neonicotinoid-pesticide-thiamethoxam-impairs-honey-bee-flight-ability PMID:  Sci Rep. 2017 Apr 26 ;7(1):1201. Epub 2017 Apr 26. PMID: 28446783 Abstract Title:  A common neonicotinoid pesticide, thiamethoxam, impairs honey bee flight ability. Abstract:  Pesticides can pose environmental risks, and a common neonicotinoid pesticide, thiamethoxam, decreases homing success in honey bees. Neonicotinoids can alter bee navigation, but we present the first evidence that neonicotinoid exposure alone can impair the physical ability of bees to fly. We tested the effects of acute or chronic exposure to thiamethoxam on the flight ability of foragers in flight mills. Within 1 h of consuming a single sublethal dose (1.34 ng/bee), foragers showed excitation and significantly increased flight duration (+78%) and distance (+72%). Chronic exposure significantly decreased flight duration (-54%), distance (-56%), and average velocity (-7%) after either one or two days of continuous exposure that resulted in bees ingesting field-relevant thiamethoxam doses of 1.96-2.90 ng/bee/day. These results provide the first demonstration that acute or chronic exposure to a neonicotinoid alone can significantly alter bee flight. Such exposure may impair foraging and homing, which are vital to normal colony function and ecosystem services. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/common-neonicotinoid-pesticide-thiamethoxam-impairs-honey-bee-flight-ability" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/common-neonicotinoid-pesticide-thiamethoxam-impairs-honey-bee-flight-ability#comments Pesticide Toxicity Pesticides Honeybee Insect Study Mon, 01 May 2017 20:35:39 +0000 greenmedinfo 147071 at https://greenmedinfo.com A detailed study of developmental immunotoxicity of imidacloprid in Wistar rats. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/detailed-study-developmental-immunotoxicity-imidacloprid-wistar-rats PMID:  Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Jan ;51:61-70. Epub 2012 Sep 18. PMID: 23000444 Abstract Title:  A detailed study of developmental immunotoxicity of imidacloprid in Wistar rats. Abstract:  Human exposure to imidacloprid is likely to occur during its use as an acaricide or an ectoparasiticide. Accordingly, the developmental immunotoxic potential of imidacloprid was investigated. Oral exposure was initiated in timed pregnant female Wistar rats on gestation day 6 (GD 6) till GD 21. On GD 20, half of the gravid dams were sacrificed, and in utero fetal development was assessed. In the other half of the dams, administration was continued till weaning on postnatal day 21 (PND 21) and maternal toxicity was investigated. A subgroup of weaned pups was sacrificed to assess immunotoxicity parameters. The other half of the pups were exposed to imidacloprid till PND 42, and immunotoxicity was assessed. The findings revealed post-implantation loss in the highest dose group, indicating the risk of abortion. Soft tissue abnormalities and skeletal alterations were observed in the highest dose group. Humoral immunity was assessed by estimating hemagglutination titer and immunoglobulin production. Cell mediated immunity was assessed by Delayed Type Hypersensitivity, whereas, non-specific immunity was assessed by phagocytic index, and other phenotypic parameters. These data revealed that imidacloprid caused age-dependent adverse effects on the developing immunity which was aggravated when exposure continued throughout development, leading to a compromised immune system. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/detailed-study-developmental-immunotoxicity-imidacloprid-wistar-rats" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/detailed-study-developmental-immunotoxicity-imidacloprid-wistar-rats#comments Pesticide Toxicity Immunotoxic Pesticides Animal Study Wed, 30 Nov 2016 16:17:12 +0000 greenmedinfo 139639 at https://greenmedinfo.com A mechanistic overview of health associated effects of low levels of organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticides. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mechanistic-overview-health-associated-effects-low-levels-organochlorine-and-o PMID:  Toxicology. 2013 May 10 ;307:89-94. Epub 2012 Oct 2. PMID: 23041710 Abstract Title:  A mechanistic overview of health associated effects of low levels of organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticides. Abstract:  Organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides are compounds that can be detected in human populations as a result of occupational or residential exposure. Despite their occurrence in considerably low levels in humans, their biological effects are hazardous since they interact with a plethora of enzymes, proteins, receptors and transcription factors. In this review we summarize the cell and molecular effects of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides with respect to their toxicity, with particular emphasis on glucose and lipid metabolism, their interaction with some members of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors, including the steroid and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors that changes the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and xenobiotic detoxification. More importantly, evidence regarding the metabolic degradation of pesticides and their accumulation in tissues is presented. Potential non-cholinergic mechanisms after long-term low-dose organophosphate exposure resulting in neurodevelopmental outcomes and neurodegeneration are also addressed. We conclude that the mechanism of pesticide-mediated toxicity is a combination of various enzyme-inhibitory, metabolic and transcriptional events acting at the cellular and molecular level. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mechanistic-overview-health-associated-effects-low-levels-organochlorine-and-o" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mechanistic-overview-health-associated-effects-low-levels-organochlorine-and-o#comments Pesticide Toxicity Organochlorine pesticides Pesticides Review Fri, 02 Nov 2018 00:05:55 +0000 greenmedinfo 173343 at https://greenmedinfo.com A neonicotinoid insecticide reduces fueling and delays migration in songbirds. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/neonicotinoid-insecticide-reduces-fueling-and-delays-migration-songbirds PMID:  Science. 2019 09 13 ;365(6458):1177-1180. Epub 2019 Sep 12. PMID: 31515394 Abstract Title:  A neonicotinoid insecticide reduces fueling and delays migration in songbirds. Abstract:  Neonicotinoids are neurotoxic insecticides widely used as seed treatments, but little is known of their effects on migrating birds that forage in agricultural areas. We tracked the migratory movements of imidacloprid-exposed songbirds at a landscape scale using a combination of experimental dosing and automated radio telemetry. Ingestion of field-realistic quantities of imidacloprid (1.2 or 3.9 milligrams per kilogram body mass) by white-crowned sparrows () during migratory stopover caused a rapid reduction in food consumption, mass, and fat and significantly affected their probability of departure. Birds in the high-dose treatment stayed a median of 3.5 days longer at the site of capture after exposure as compared with controls, likely to regain fuel stores or recover from intoxication. Migration delays can carry over to affect survival and reproduction; thus, these results confirm a link between sublethal pesticide exposure and adverse outcomes for migratory bird populations. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/neonicotinoid-insecticide-reduces-fueling-and-delays-migration-songbirds" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/neonicotinoid-insecticide-reduces-fueling-and-delays-migration-songbirds#comments Pesticide Toxicity Pesticides Bird Population Decline Animal Study Fri, 15 Nov 2019 01:27:08 +0000 greenmedinfo 201843 at https://greenmedinfo.com A neonicotinoid pesticide impairs foraging, but not learning, in free-flying bumblebees. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/neonicotinoid-pesticide-impairs-foraging-not-learning-free-flying-bumblebees PMID:  Sci Rep. 2019 Mar 18 ;9(1):4764. Epub 2019 Mar 18. PMID: 30886154 Abstract Title:  A neonicotinoid pesticide impairs foraging, but not learning, in free-flying bumblebees. Abstract:  Neonicotinoids are widely-used pesticides implicated in the decline of bees, known to have sub-lethal effects on bees&#039; foraging and colony performance. One proposed mechanism for these negative effects is impairment to bees&#039; ability to learn floral associations. However, the effects of neonicotinoids on learning performance have largely been addressed using a single protocol, where immobilized bees learn an association based on a single sensory modality. We thus have an incomplete understanding of how these pesticides affect bee learning in more naturalistic foraging scenarios. We carried out the first free-foraging study into the effects of acute exposure of a neonicotinoid (imidacloprid) on bumblebees&#039; (Bombus impatiens) ability to learn associations with visual stimuli. We uncovered dose-dependent detrimental effects on motivation to initiate foraging, amount of nectar collected, and initiation of subsequent foraging bouts. However, we did not find any impairment to bees&#039; ability to learn visual associations. While not precluding the possibility that other forms of learning are impaired, our findings suggest that some of the major effects of acute neonicotinoid exposure on foraging performance may be due to motivational and/or sensory impairments. In light of these findings, we discuss more broadly how pesticide effects on pollinator cognition might be studied. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/neonicotinoid-pesticide-impairs-foraging-not-learning-free-flying-bumblebees" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/neonicotinoid-pesticide-impairs-foraging-not-learning-free-flying-bumblebees#comments Pesticide Toxicity Pesticides Bee Colony Collapse Insect Study Fri, 22 Mar 2019 21:20:25 +0000 greenmedinfo 181880 at https://greenmedinfo.com