Respiratory Infections: Infants &amp; Children https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/6320/all en B. clausii may exert a significant and persistent impact on respiratory infections in children and is safe and well tolerated. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/b-clausii-may-exert-significant-and-persistent-impact-respiratory-infections-c PMID:  Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2007 Mar ;3(1):13-7. PMID: 18360611 Abstract Title:  Efficacy of Bacillus clausii spores in the prevention of recurrent respiratory infections in children: a pilot study. Abstract:  Probiotic milk has been previously demonstrated to reduce the number of respiratory infections (RI) among children attending day care centres. Thus, this pilot study was aimed to assess the efficacy and the safety of 3 month treatment with Bacillus clausii in the prevention of recurrent respiratory infections (RRI) in children. Eighty children with RRI were studied: 40 of them were randomly treated with B. clausii for 3 months, and followed up for further 3 months; 40 were included in the control group during the same period. Children treated with B. clausii had shorter duration of RI in comparison with the control group both during the treatment phase (mean 11.7 days vs 14.37; p=0.037) and the follow-up period (mean 6.6 days vs 10.92; p=0.049). This effect was evident also in allergic children during the follow-up. In conclusion, this pilot study provides the first preliminary evidence that B. clausii may exert a significant and persistent impact on RI in children and is safe and well tolerated. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/b-clausii-may-exert-significant-and-persistent-impact-respiratory-infections-c#comments Bacillus Clausii Respiratory Infections: Infants & Children Risk Reduction Human Study Wed, 27 Jul 2016 19:44:12 +0000 greenmedinfo 131088 at https://greenmedinfo.com Cesarean section before labour is associated with significantly increased risk of respiratory morbidity versus cesarean section after initiation of labour. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cesarean-section-labour-associated-significantly-increased-risk-respiratory-mo PMID:  Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1995 Feb;102(2):101-6. PMID: 7756199 Abstract Title:  Neonatal respiratory morbidity and mode of delivery at term: influence of timing of elective caesarean section. Abstract:  OBJECTIVE: To establish whether the timing of delivery between 37 and 42 weeks gestation influences neonatal respiratory outcome and thus provide information which can be used to aid planning of elective delivery at term. DESIGN: All cases of respiratory distress syndrome or transient tachypnoea at term requiring admission to the neonatal intensive care unit were recorded prospectively for nine years. SETTING: Rosie Maternity Hospital, Cambridge. SUBJECTS: During this time 33,289 deliveries occurred at or after 37 weeks of gestation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: This information enabled calculation of the relative risk of respiratory morbidity for respiratory distress syndrome or transient tachypnoea in relation to mode of delivery and onset of parturition for each week of gestation at term. RESULTS: The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome at term was 2.2/1000 deliveries (95% CI; 1.7-2.7). The incidence of transient tachypnoea was 5.7/1000 deliveries (95% CI; 4.9-6.5). The incidence of respiratory morbidity was significantly higher for the group delivered by caesarean section before the onset of labour (35.5/1000) compared with caesarean section during labour (12.2/1000) (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% CI 1.9-4.4; P&lt;0.001), and compared with vaginal delivery (5.3/1000) (odds ratio, 6.8; 95% CI 5.2-8.9; P&lt;0.001). The relative risk of neonatal respiratory morbidity for delivery by caesarean section before the onset of labour during the week 37+0 to 37+6 compared with the week 38+0 to 38+6 was 1.74 (95% CI 1.1-2.8; P&lt;0.02) and during the week 38+0 to 38+6 compared with the week 39+0 to 39+6 was 2.4 (95% CI 1.2-4.8; P&lt;0.02). CONCLUSIONS: A significant reduction in neonatal respiratory morbidity would be obtained if elective caesarean section was performed in the week 39+0 to 39+6 of pregnancy. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cesarean-section-labour-associated-significantly-increased-risk-respiratory-mo#comments Cesarean Section Respiratory Infections: Infants & Children Cesarean Delivery Placebo Effect Mind-Body Medicine Human Study Thu, 02 Dec 2010 20:07:11 +0000 greenmedinfo 59204 at https://greenmedinfo.com Cord-blood levels of 25(OH)D has an inverse associations with risk of respiratory infection and childhood wheezing. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cord-blood-levels-25ohd-has-inverse-associations-risk-respiratory-infection-an PMID:  Pediatrics. 2010 Dec 27. Epub 2010 Dec 27. PMID: 21187313 Abstract Title:  Cord-blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of respiratory infection, wheezing, and asthma. Abstract:  Objective: Higher maternal intake of vitamin D during pregnancy is associated with a lower risk of wheezing in offspring. The relationship between cord-blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and childhood wheezing is unknown. We hypothesized that cord-blood levels would be inversely associated with risk of respiratory infection, wheezing, and asthma. Patients and Methods: Cord blood from 922 newborns was tested for 25(OH)D. Parents were asked if their child had a history of respiratory infection at 3 months of age or a history of wheezing at 15 months of age and then annually thereafter. Incident asthma was defined as doctor-diagnosed asthma by the time the child was 5 years old and reported inhaler use or wheezing since the age of 4 years. Results: The median cord-blood level of 25(OH)D was 44 nmol/L (interquartile range: 29-78). Follow-up was 89% at the age of 5 years. Adjusting for the season of birth, 25(OH)D had an inverse association with risk of respiratory infection by 3 months of age (odds ratio: 1.00 [reference] for≥75 nmol/L, 1.39 for 25-74 nmol/L, and 2.16 [95% confidence interval: 1.35-3.46] for https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cord-blood-levels-25ohd-has-inverse-associations-risk-respiratory-infection-an#comments Infant Infections Prenatal Nutrition: Prevention of Problems Respiratory Infections: Infants & Children Vitamin D Human Study Sat, 01 Jan 2011 20:32:46 +0000 greenmedinfo 60028 at https://greenmedinfo.com Hyperoside inhibits proinflammatory cytokines in human lung epithelial cells infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/hyperoside-inhibits-proinflammatory-cytokines-human-lung-epithelial-cells-infe PMID:  Mol Cell Biochem. 2019 Mar ;453(1-2):179-186. Epub 2018 Oct 22. PMID: 30350306 Abstract Title:  Hyperoside inhibits proinflammatory cytokines in human lung epithelial cells infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Abstract:  Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is the most common respiratory infection in young children and its incidence has increased worldwide. In this study, high expression of chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) was observed in the serum of MPP patients, and its expression was positively correlated to DNA of M. pneumoniae (MP-DNA). In vitro, M. pneumoniae (MP) infection to A549 cells induced the expression of CCL5, chemokines receptor 4 (CCR4), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nuclear protein, and phosphorylation of NF-κB-p65 (p-NF-κB-p65), whereas NF-κB cytoplasmic protein was decreased. On the contrary, treatment of hyperoside counteracted the induction of MP infection and promoted the proliferation of MP-infected A549 cells. Similarly, MP-induced IL-8 and TNF-α production was also markedly reduced by hyperoside. And CCR4 inhibitor AZD2098 had a better effect than hyperoside. In addition, CCL5 recombinant protein inhibited the effect of hyperoside to promote IL-8 and TNF-α production and CCR4 expression. These results indicated that CCL5 may be involved in the progression of MPP, and hyperoside was beneficial for MPP probably through CCL5-CCR4 interactions, which may provide a potential effective therapy for MPP. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/hyperoside-inhibits-proinflammatory-cytokines-human-lung-epithelial-cells-infe" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/hyperoside-inhibits-proinflammatory-cytokines-human-lung-epithelial-cells-infe#comments Flavonoids Respiratory Infections: Infants & Children Anti-Inflammatory Agents Interleukin-8 downregulation Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor In Vitro Study Thu, 22 Jul 2021 19:31:42 +0000 greenmedinfo 243079 at https://greenmedinfo.com Infants born by elective caesarean delivery at term are at increased risk for developing respiratory disorders compared with those born by vaginal delivery. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/infants-born-elective-caesarean-delivery-term-are-increased-risk-developing-re PMID:  Acta Paediatr. 2004 May;93(5):643-7. PMID: 15174788 Abstract Title:  Neonatal respiratory morbidity risk and mode of delivery at term: influence of timing of elective caesarean delivery. Abstract:  AIM: To establish whether the timing of delivery between 37 + 0 and 41 + 6 wk gestation influences neonatal respiratory outcome in elective caesarean delivery, following uncomplicated pregnancy, thus providing information that can be used to aid planning of elective delivery at term. METHODS: All pregnant women who were delivered by elective caesarean delivery at term during a 3-y period were identified from a perinatal database and compared retrospectively with pregnant women matched for week of gestation, who were vaginally delivered. Maternal characteristics, neonatal outcome, incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) were analysed. During this time, 1284 elective caesarean section deliveries occurred at or after 37 + 0 wk of gestation. RESULTS: Neonatal respiratory morbidity risk (odds ratio, OR), including RDS and TTN, was significantly higher in the infant group delivered by elective caesarean delivery compared with vaginal delivery (OR 2.6; 95% CI: 1.35-5.9; p0.05), the RDS risk was significantly increased (OR 5.85; 95% CI: 2.27-32.4; p https://greenmedinfo.com/article/infants-born-elective-caesarean-delivery-term-are-increased-risk-developing-re#comments Cesarean Section Infant Infections Respiratory Infections: Infants & Children Cesarean Delivery Natural Birth Human Study Thu, 02 Dec 2010 20:05:06 +0000 greenmedinfo 59203 at https://greenmedinfo.com Lactoferrin and curcumin reduce infections in children with recurrent respiratory infections. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/lactoferrin-and-curcumin-reduce-infections-children-recurrent-respiratory-infe PMID:  J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2009 Apr-Jun;23(2):119-24. PMID: 19589293 Abstract Title:  Immune modulation by lactoferrin and curcumin in children with recurrent respiratory infections. Abstract:  The clinical and immunologic effects of lactoferrin and curcumin (LC) oral supplementation were examined in healthy children with recurrent respiratory tract infections. Infections were reduced in children receiving LC. Immunologic analyses showed that LC supplementation resulted in a significant skewing of CD8+T lymphocytes maturation. Additionally: 1) CD14+, toll like receptor (TLR) 2-expressing cells augmented (p= 0.005) whereas CD14+/TLR4+ diminished (p= 0.004); and 2) IL10 production by CD14+ cells was reduced in children receiving LC. LC supplementation results in immune modulation and could be clinically beneficial. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/lactoferrin-and-curcumin-reduce-infections-children-recurrent-respiratory-infe#comments Curcumin Lactoferrin Respiratory Infections: Infants & Children Respiratory Tract Infections Human Study Wed, 29 Jul 2009 17:37:23 +0000 greenmedinfo 46224 at https://greenmedinfo.com Postnatal probiotic and prebiotic treatment is safe and increases resistance to respiratory infections during the first 2 years of life. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/postnatal-probiotic-and-prebiotic-treatment-safe-and-increases-resistance-resp PMID:  Pediatrics. 2008 Jul;122(1):8-12. PMID: 18595980 Abstract Title:  Long-term safety and impact on infection rates of postnatal probiotic and prebiotic (synbiotic) treatment: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Abstract:  OBJECTIVE: Live probiotic bacteria and dietary prebiotic oligosaccharides (together termed synbiotics) increasingly are being used in infancy, but evidence of long-term safety is lacking. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, we studied the safety and long-term effects of feeding synbiotics to newborn infants. METHODS: Between November 2000 and March 2003, pregnant mothers carrying infants at high risk for allergy were randomly assigned to receive a mixture of 4 probiotic species (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and LC705, Bifidobacterium breve Bb99, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp shermanii) or a placebo for 4 weeks before delivery. Their infants received the same probiotics with 0.8 g of galactooligosaccharides, or a placebo, daily for 6 months after birth. Safety data were obtained from clinical examinations and interviews at follow-up visits at ages 3, 6, and 24 months and from questionnaires at ages 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Growth data were collected at each time point. RESULTS: Of the 1018 eligible infants, 925 completed the 2-year follow-up assessment. Infants in both groups grew normally. We observed no difference in neonatal morbidity, feeding-related behaviors (such as infantile colic), or serious adverse events between the study groups. During the 6-month intervention, antibiotics were prescribed less often in the synbiotic group than in the placebo group (23% vs 28%). Throughout the follow-up period, respiratory infections occurred less frequently in the synbiotic group (geometric mean: 3.7 vs 4.2 infections). CONCLUSION: Feeding synbiotics to newborn infants was safe and seemed to increase resistance to respiratory infections during the first 2 years of life. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/postnatal-probiotic-and-prebiotic-treatment-safe-and-increases-resistance-resp#comments Infection: In Infants & Children Prebiotics Probiotics Respiratory Infections: Infants & Children Human Study Sun, 26 Jul 2009 16:13:33 +0000 greenmedinfo 46110 at https://greenmedinfo.com Prebiotic administration reduces intestinal and, possibly, respiratory infections in healthy infants during the first year of age. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/prebiotic-administration-reduces-intestinal-and-possibly-respiratory-infection PMID:  Clin Nutr. 2009 Apr;28(2):156-61. Epub 2009 Feb 23. PMID: 19231042 Abstract Title:  A formula containing galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides prevents intestinal and extra-intestinal infections: an observational study. Abstract:  BACKGROUND &amp; AIM: The addition of prebiotics to infant formula modifies the composition of intestinal microflora. Aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that prebiotics reduce the incidence of intestinal and respiratory infections in healthy infants. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, open trial was performed. Healthy infants were enrolled and randomized to a formula additioned with a mixture of galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides or to a control formula. The incidence of intestinal and respiratory tract infections and the anthropometric measures were monitored for 12 months. RESULTS: Three hundred and forty two infants (mean age 53.7+/-32.1 days) were enrolled. The incidence of gastroenteritis was lower in the supplemented group than in the controls (0.12+/-0.04 vs. 0.29+/-0.05 episodes/child/12 months; p=0.015). The number of children with more than 3 episodes tended to be lower in prebiotic group (17/60 vs. 29/65; p=0.06). The number of children with multiple antibiotic courses/year was lower in children receiving prebiotics (24/60 vs. 43/65; p=0.004). A transient increase in body weight was observed in children on prebiotics compared to controls during the first 6 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Prebiotic administration reduce intestinal and, possibly, respiratory infections in healthy infants during the first year of age. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/prebiotic-administration-reduces-intestinal-and-possibly-respiratory-infection#comments FOS (Fructooligosaccharides) Galacto-oligosaccharides Infant Infections Prebiotics Respiratory Infections: Infants & Children Respiratory Tract Infections Human Study Sat, 19 Sep 2009 20:14:50 +0000 greenmedinfo 47233 at https://greenmedinfo.com Protect Yourself from Respiratory Infections with Probiotics https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/protect-yourself-respiratory-infections-probiotics <div class="copyright">This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2012<br/><strong><a href="/greenmedinfocom-re-post-guidelines">Visit our Re-post guidelines</a></strong></div><p class="rtecenter"><img alt="Protect Yourself from Respiratory Infections with Probiotics" src="//cdn.greenmedinfo.com/sites/default/files/ckeditor/sayerji/images/probiotic_respiratory.jpg" style="width: 356px; height: 400px;" /></p> <p>According to University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine researchers, doctors frequently misuse antibiotics when treating patients hospitalized with respiratory tract infections. In a study published in <em><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20923284" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><em>Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology</em></a>,</em> doctors at two Pennsylvania hospitals were found to be using antibiotics to treat patients with viral infections, which are known to not respond to the drugs.</p> <p>Based on hospital records of 196 patients diagnosed with viral infections over a two-year period, the researchers found that 125 or about 63% were prescribed antibiotics.</p> <p>The authors raised concerns about the inappropriate use of antibiotics because it has been linked to the development of <strong><a href="/disease/infection-antibiotic-resistant">resistant bacterial strains</a></strong>.</p> <p>In addition, the researchers found that not only did the patients not benefit from the treatment, but some may have suffered adverse effects, specifically development of diarrhea linked to antibiotic use.</p> <p>The authors noted that the antibiotic group had longer average hospital stays and higher mortality rates than the non-antibiotic group, leading them to suggest that there was no clinical benefit to the treatment.</p> <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/protect-yourself-respiratory-infections-probiotics" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/protect-yourself-respiratory-infections-probiotics#comments Fermented Foods and Beverages Kimchi Kombucha Tea Lactobacillus probiotics Lower Respiratory Infections Probiotics Respiratory Infections Respiratory Infections: Infants & Children Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms Yoghurt Cold and Flu Sun, 09 Dec 2012 13:00:00 +0000 mmking 86150 at https://greenmedinfo.com Seventy-eight percent of Auckland children undergoing (adeno)tonsillectomy had a 25(OH) vitamin D level<75nmol/L, a level which is associated with an increased incidence of upper respiratory tract infection. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/seventy-eight-percent-auckland-children-undergoing-adenotonsillectomy-had-25oh PMID:  J Am Coll Nutr. 2003 Feb;22(1):36-42. PMID: 21131064 Abstract Title:  Vitamin D and tonsil disease--preliminary observations. Abstract:  OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency in children undergoing (adeno)tonsillectomy. METHODS: From 1st November 2008 to 20th December 2008, 33 children aged from 4 to 16 and resident in Auckland, New Zealand (latitude 36° 52&#039; S) undergoing (adeno)tonsillectomy for difficulty breathing/sleep apnoea and/or recurrent tonsillitis had 25(OH) vitamin D, iron and zinc levels measured. RESULTS: Of the 32 patients who had 25(OH) vitamin D levels measured, 15.6% were vitamin D deficient (25(OH) vitamin D https://greenmedinfo.com/article/seventy-eight-percent-auckland-children-undergoing-adenotonsillectomy-had-25oh#comments Adenotonsillectomy Respiratory Infections: Infants & Children Tonsil Diseases Upper Respiratory Infections Vitamin D Human Study Sat, 01 Jan 2011 21:03:46 +0000 greenmedinfo 60036 at https://greenmedinfo.com Zinc treatment significantly reduces duration of fever and very ill status in boys with severe lower respiratory infections. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/zinc-treatment-significantly-reduces-duration-fever-and-very-ill-status-boys-s PMID:  Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Mar;79(3):430-6. PMID: 14985218 Abstract Title:  Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of treatment with zinc or vitamin A in infants and young children with severe acute lower respiratory infection. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) is a leading cause of childhood death. Zinc supplementation prevents ALRI. Vitamin A supplementation reduces childhood mortality, but its benefit concerning ALRI-specific mortality is unproven. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the effect of zinc and vitamin A on the clinical recovery of children with severe ALRI. DESIGN: In a controlled trial with a factorial design, 153 children aged 2-24 mo who were hospitalized with severe ALRI were randomly assigned to receive 10 mg zinc as acetate (twice daily for 5 d) plus vitamin A placebo, 10 000 micro g retinol equivalents vitamin A (twice daily for 4 d) plus zinc placebo, zinc plus vitamin A, or zinc and vitamin A placebos. The main outcome variable was the time for resolution of very ill status; other outcomes were resolution of fever, tachypnea, and feeding difficulty. RESULTS: Recovery rates from very ill status and from fever in zinc-treated boys were 2.6 times (P = 0.004) and 3 times (P = 0.003) those in non-zinc-treated children; feeding difficulty and tachypnea were not significantly different between groups after an adjusted analysis. Recovery rates were not significantly different between groups on the basis of vitamin A treatment. At discharge, serum zinc was 6.06 micro mol/L higher (P = 0.001) in the zinc-treated children, and serum retinol was 0.387 micro mol/L higher (P = 0.001) in the vitamin A-treated children. CONCLUSION: Zinc treatment significantly reduces duration of fever and very ill status in boys, but not in girls, with severe ALRI. Vitamin A treatment of children with severe ALRI had no significant beneficial effect. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/zinc-treatment-significantly-reduces-duration-fever-and-very-ill-status-boys-s#comments Childhood Infections Lower Respiratory Infections Respiratory Infections: Infants & Children Zinc Gender Differences Human Study Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:27:33 +0000 greenmedinfo 59442 at https://greenmedinfo.com