Neutropenia: Severe Congenital https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/6373/all en Antrodia camphorata enhances phagoytosis in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils and monocytes. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/antrodia-camphorata-enhances-phagoytosis-human-polymorphonuclear-neutrophils-a PMID:  J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Nov 20;120(2):196-203. Epub 2008 Aug 19. PMID: 18778764 Abstract Title:  Immunomodulatory effect of Antrodia camphorata mycelia and culture filtrate. Abstract:  AIM OF THE STUDY: Antrodia camphorata, a precious folkloric medicinal mushroom, has been used to treat tumorigenic diseases in Taiwan. This study was to investigate the innate immunity augmentation effects of different fractions prepared from hot water extracts of submerged cultured Antrodia camphorata (AC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cytokine induction potency of AC fraction in diluted peripheral blood culture was measured by ELISA. The effects of AC fraction on phagocytic activity and CD11b expression were measured by the ingestion of FITC-labeled Escherichia coli and by labeling with PE-labeled CD11b monoclonal antibody, respectively, using flow cytometry. The molecular mass of hot water-soluble polysaccharides and content of adenosine in AC fraction were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and HPLC, respectively. RESULTS: The mycelia fraction, Fr. M II, and culture filtrate fractions, Fr. E II and Fr. E III, showed the strongest TNF-alpha and IL-6 induction effect as a function of their concentration. These fractions (20mug/ml) also showed marked activity in enhancing phagocytosis in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and monocytes. In parallel, the expression of CD11b, an early marker of PMN activation, was also up-regulated dose-dependently. Composition analysis suggested that immunomodulatory effect of mycelia is mainly attributed to the 10-20kDa polysaccharides and adenosine. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidences that Antrodia camphorata can modulate innate immunity and may serve as an adjuvant for tumor treatment. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/antrodia-camphorata-enhances-phagoytosis-human-polymorphonuclear-neutrophils-a#comments Antrodia camphorata Neutropenia Neutropenia: Chemotherapy Induced Neutropenia: Cyclic Neutropenia: Severe Congenital In Vitro Study Thu, 30 Jul 2009 17:18:41 +0000 greenmedinfo 46292 at https://greenmedinfo.com Beta-glucan enhances neutrophil activity. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/beta-glucan-enhances-neutrophil-activity PMID:  J Hematol Oncol. 2009 Jun 10;2:25. PMID: 19515245 Abstract Title:  The effects of beta-glucan on human immune and cancer cells. Abstract:  ABSTRACT: Non-prescriptional use of medicinal herbs among cancer patients is common around the world. The alleged anti-cancer effects of most herbal extracts are mainly based on studies derived from in vitro or in vivo animal experiments. The current information suggests that these herbal extracts exert their biological effect either through cytotoxic or immunomodulatory mechanisms. One of the active compounds responsible for the immune effects of herbal products is in the form of complex polysaccharides known as beta-glucans. beta-glucans are ubiquitously found in both bacterial or fungal cell walls and have been implicated in the initiation of anti-microbial immune response. Based on in vitro studies, beta-glucans act on several immune receptors including Dectin-1, complement receptor (CR3) and TLR-2/6 and trigger a group of immune cells including macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer cells and dendritic cells. As a consequence, both innate and adaptive response can be modulated by beta-glucans and they can also enhance opsonic and non-opsonic phagocytosis. In animal studies, after oral administration, the specific backbone 1-->3 linear beta-glycosidic chain of beta-glucans cannot be digested. Most beta-glucans enter the proximal small intestine and some are captured by the macrophages. They are internalized and fragmented within the cells, then transported by the macrophages to the marrow and endothelial reticular system. The small beta-glucans fragments are eventually released by the macrophages and taken up by other immune cells leading to various immune responses. However, beta-glucans of different sizes and branching patterns may have significantly variable immune potency. Careful selection of appropriate beta-glucans is essential if we wish to investigate the effects of beta-glucans clinically. So far, no good quality clinical trial data is available on assessing the effectiveness of purified beta-glucans among cancer patients. Future effort should direct at performing well-designed clinical trials to verify the actual clinical efficacy of beta-glucans or beta-glucans containing compounds. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/beta-glucan-enhances-neutrophil-activity#comments Beta-glucan Neutropenia Neutropenia: Chemotherapy Induced Neutropenia: Cyclic Neutropenia: Severe Congenital In Vitro Study Thu, 30 Jul 2009 19:00:32 +0000 greenmedinfo 46295 at https://greenmedinfo.com DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid) significantly enhances the activity of neutrophils and monocytes. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/dha-docosahexaenoic-acid-significantly-enhances-activity-neutrophils-and-monoc PMID:  Clin Nutr. 2006 Dec;25(6):923-38. Epub 2006 May 11. PMID: 16697494 Abstract Title:  Effect of docosahexaenoic acid-rich fish oil supplementation on human leukocyte function. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: The effect of a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich fish oil (FO) supplementation on human leukocyte function was investigated. METHODS: Ten male volunteers were supplemented with 3g/day FO containing 26% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5, n-3) and 54% DHA (22:6, n-3) for 2 months. RESULTS: FO supplementation changed the fatty acid (FA) composition of leukocytes resulting in an increase of n-3/n-6 ratio from 0.18 to 0.62 in lymphocytes and from 0.15 to 0.70 in neutrophils. DHA-rich FO stimulated an increase in phagocytic activity by 62% and 145% in neutrophils and monocytes, respectively. Neutrophil chemotactic response was increased by 128%. The rate of production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils was also increased, as it was with lymphocyte proliferation. These changes were partially reversed after a 2-month wash out period. With respect to cytokine production by lymphocytes, interleukin (IL)-4 release was not altered, whereas secretions of IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were raised. These results are in contrast to those described by others using EPA-rich FO supplementation. Lymphocyte pleiotropic gene expression was analyzed by a macroarray technique. Of the analyzed genes (588 in total), 77 were modified by the supplementation. FO supplementation resulted in up-regulation of 6 genes (GATA binding protein 2, IL-6 signal transducer, transforming growth factor alpha, TNF, heat shock 90kDa protein 1-alpha and heat shock protein 70kDa 1A) and a down regulation of 71 genes (92.2% of total genes changed). The largest functional group of altered genes was that related to signaling pathways (22% of the total modified genes). CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, although EPA and DHA are members of n-3 FA family, changes in the proportion of DHA and EPA exert different effects on neutrophil, monocyte and lymphocyte function, which may be a result of specific changes in gene expression. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/dha-docosahexaenoic-acid-significantly-enhances-activity-neutrophils-and-monoc#comments DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid) Neutropenia Neutropenia: Chemotherapy Induced Neutropenia: Cyclic Neutropenia: Severe Congenital Human Study Thu, 30 Jul 2009 17:30:01 +0000 greenmedinfo 46294 at https://greenmedinfo.com Maitake (G. frondosa) enhances phagocytosis of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). https://greenmedinfo.com/article/maitake-g-frondosa-enhances-phagocytosis-human-polymorphonuclear-neutrophils-p PMID:  J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Apr 19;54(8):2906-14. PMID: 16608207 Abstract Title:  Immunomodulatory properties of Grifola frondosa in submerged culture. Abstract:  Maitake (Grifola frondosa) is a popular mushroom in Asia for its tasty flavor and immune-stimulating property. The aim of the study is to investigate the innate immunity augmentation effects of different extracts of mycelia and culture filtrate from G. frondosa in submerged cultures. The hot water extract of mycelia showed the strongest cytokine induction effect as a function of its concentration in human whole blood culture. The most potent fractions of hot water extract, Fr. I and II, were mainly composed of polysaccharides with molecular masses of 43-140 and 13-38 kDa, respectively. These fractions (0.025 mg/mL) showed marked activity in enhancing phagocytosis of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). In parallel, the expression of CD11b, an early marker of PMN activation, was also up-regulated dose dependently. This result suggested that complement receptor 3 was primed by these fractions. In addition to activation of phagocytes, these bioactive fractions also increased human peripheral blood natural killer cell cytotoxicity. These results imply that the relatively low molecular mass polysaccharides isolated from mycelia of G. frondosa can enhance innate immunity in vitro and therefore may serve as biological response modifiers. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/maitake-g-frondosa-enhances-phagocytosis-human-polymorphonuclear-neutrophils-p#comments Maitake Mushroom Neutropenia Neutropenia: Chemotherapy Induced Neutropenia: Cyclic Neutropenia: Severe Congenital In Vitro Study Thu, 30 Jul 2009 17:21:15 +0000 greenmedinfo 46293 at https://greenmedinfo.com Mastic gum has antibacterial activity and inhibits cell death of oral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (e.g. neutrophils). Mastic gum is highly cytotoxic to promyelocytic leukemia cells. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mastic-gum-has-antibacterial-activity-and-inhibits-cell-death-oral-polymorphon PMID:  In Vivo. 2009 Mar-Apr;23(2):215-23. PMID: 19414406 Abstract Title:  Selective antibacterial and apoptosis-modulating activities of mastic. Abstract:  Mastic is a resinous exudate obtained from the stem and the main leaves of Pistacia lentiscus. We have reported the antiplaque effect of mastic-containing chewing gum on the oral cavity. We hypothesize that mastic may be a multifunctional food which has some beneficial pharmaceutical properties. The aim of this study was to assess the biological activity of solid and liquid types of mastic by cytotoxicity against fibroblasts, radical-scavenging activities and inhibitory effect on cell death of oral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (OPMNs). Mastic showed selective antibacterial action against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella melaninogenica, but no anti-HIV activity. Among a total of thirteen human cell types, promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 was the most sensitive to the cytotoxicity of mastic, followed by myeloblastic leukemia (ML-1, KG-1), erythroleukemia (K-562), oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-2, HSC-3, HSC-4), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), glioblastoma (T98G, U87MG) and normal oral cells (gingival fibroblast, pulp cell, periodontal ligament fibroblast, most resistant). Mastic did not induce the differentiation of myelogenous leukemic cells into maturing cells with higher nitroblue tetrazolium-reducing activity, but induced apoptotic cell death, characterized by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activation and a decline in the intracellular concentration of putrescine. The cytotoxicity of mastic against leukemic cells did not diminish during its storage. On the other hand, mastic inhibited the spontaneous apoptosis of OPMNs. Mastic showed hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity. The selective antibacterial and apoptosis-modulating activity of mastic suggests its possible beneficial effects on oral health. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/mastic-gum-has-antibacterial-activity-and-inhibits-cell-death-oral-polymorphon#comments Mastic gum Neutropenia Neutropenia: Chemotherapy Induced Neutropenia: Cyclic Neutropenia: Severe Congenital Promyelocytic leukemia Anti-Bacterial Agents In Vitro Study Thu, 30 Jul 2009 17:11:26 +0000 greenmedinfo 46290 at https://greenmedinfo.com The modulation of LEF1 in severe congenital neutropenia may lead to the correction of dysfunctional ELA2 gene expression. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/modulation-lef1-severe-congenital-neutropenia-may-lead-correction-dysfunctiona PMID:  Blood. 2009 Jul 20. PMID: 19620402 Abstract Title:  Neutrophil elastase is severely down-regulated in severe congenital neutropenia independent of ELA2 or HAX1 mutations but dependent on LEF-1. Abstract:  Severe congenital neutropenia (CN) is a heterogeneous disorder of myelopoiesis which follows an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Genetic analyses indicate mutations in the ELA2 gene in the majority of patients. Recently, we identified LEF-1 as a decisive transcription factor in granulopoiesis controlling proliferation and granulocytic differentiation via direct activation of its target gene, C/EBPalpha. In CN patients, the expression of LEF-1 and C/EBPalpha was abrogated in myeloid progenitors leading to maturation arrest of granulopoiesis. In the present study we demonstrated that ELA2 mRNA expression in myeloid progenitors, and plasma protein levels of neutrophil elastase (NE) were markedly reduced in CN patients harboring mutations in either ELA2 or HAX-1 genes. The ELA2 gene promoter is positively regulated by the direct binding of LEF-1 or C/EBPalpha, documenting the role of LEF1 in the diminished ELA2 expression. We found that transduction of the hematopoietic cells with LEF-1 cDNA resulted in the upregulation of ELA2/NE synthesis, whereas inhibition of LEF-1 by shRNA led to a marked reduction in the levels of ELA2/NE. LEF-1 rescue of CD34(+) cells isolated from two CN patients resulted in granulocytic differentiation of the cells which was in line with increased levels of functionally active ELA2/NE. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/modulation-lef1-severe-congenital-neutropenia-may-lead-correction-dysfunctiona#comments Neutropenia: Severe Congenital Epigenetic Modification Genocorrective In Vitro Study Thu, 30 Jul 2009 14:26:13 +0000 greenmedinfo 46288 at https://greenmedinfo.com Vitamin upregulates Cathelicidin, an antimicrobial substance normally produced by neutrophils. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/vitamin-upregulates-cathelicidin-antimicrobial-substance-normally-produced-neu PMID:  Altern Med Rev. 2008 Mar;13(1):6-20. PMID: 18377099 Abstract Title:  Use of vitamin D in clinical practice. Abstract:  The recent discovery--from a meta-analysis of 18 randomized controlled trials--that supplemental cholecalciferol (vitamin D) significantly reduces all-cause mortality emphasizes the medical, ethical, and legal implications of promptly diagnosing and adequately treating vitamin D deficiency. Not only are such deficiencies common, and probably the rule, vitamin D deficiency is implicated in most of the diseases of civilization. Vitamin D's final metabolic product is a potent, pleiotropic, repair and maintenance, seco-steroid hormone that targets more than 200 human genes in a wide variety of tissues, meaning it has as many mechanisms of action as genes it targets. One of the most important genes vitamin D up-regulates is for cathelicidin, a naturally occurring broad-spectrum antibiotic. Natural vitamin D levels, those found in humans living in a sun-rich environment, are between 40-70 ng per ml, levels obtained by few modern humans. Assessing serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) is the only way to make the diagnosis and to assure treatment is adequate and safe. Three treatment modalities exist for vitamin D deficiency: sunlight, artificial ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, and vitamin D3 supplementation. Treatment of vitamin D deficiency in otherwise healthy patients with 2,000-7,000 IU vitamin D per day should be sufficient to maintain year-round 25(OH)D levels between 40-70 ng per mL. In those with serious illnesses associated with vitamin D deficiency, such as cancer, heart disease, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, autism, and a host of other illnesses, doses should be sufficient to maintain year-round 25(OH)D levels between 55 -70 ng per mL. Vitamin D-deficient patients with serious illness should not only be supplemented more aggressively than the well, they should have more frequent monitoring of serum 25(OH)D and serum calcium. Vitamin D should always be adjuvant treatment in patients with serious illnesses and never replace standard treatment. Theoretically, pharmacological doses of vitamin D (2,000 IU per kg per day for three days) may produce enough of the naturally occurring antibiotic cathelicidin to cure common viral respiratory infections, such as influenza and the common cold, but such a theory awaits further science. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/vitamin-upregulates-cathelicidin-antimicrobial-substance-normally-produced-neu#comments Neutropenia Neutropenia: Chemotherapy Induced Neutropenia: Cyclic Neutropenia: Severe Congenital Vitamin D Review Thu, 30 Jul 2009 14:44:51 +0000 greenmedinfo 46289 at https://greenmedinfo.com