Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: 5-fluorouracil https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/6469/all en The protective effects of hesperidin and curcumin on 5-fluorouracil-induced nephrotoxicity. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/protective-effects-hesperidin-and-curcumin-5-fluorouracil-induced-nephrotoxici PMID:  Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Apr 22. Epub 2021 Apr 22. PMID: 33886055 Abstract Title:  The protective effects of hesperidin and curcumin on 5-fluorouracil-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Abstract:  Nephrotoxicity is a very important complication of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated cancer patients. Increased oxidative stress, kidney damage, and apoptosis play an important role in the pathogenesis of nephrotoxicity caused by 5-FU. In this study, protective effects of two natural compounds, hesperidin and curcumin, on experimentally induced kidney damage in mice with 5-FU were determined. Application of 5-FU resulted in severe histopathological changes and severe renal failure with increased serum urea and creatinine levels. Also, 5-FU-induced kidney damage, increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) activity, and glutathione (GSH) level have been demonstrated. Also, where 5-FU is in the concentration of caspase-3 and 8-OHdG immune-positive cells and therefore causes apoptosis and DNA damage in kidney tissue cells. However, especially high doses of hesperidin and curcumin treatment significantly improved 5-FU-induced oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation, apoptosis/DNA damage, and renal dysfunction. Based on these data, our results suggest that hesperidin and curcumin may be used as new and promising agents against 5-FU-induced nephrotoxicity. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/protective-effects-hesperidin-and-curcumin-5-fluorouracil-induced-nephrotoxici" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/protective-effects-hesperidin-and-curcumin-5-fluorouracil-induced-nephrotoxici#comments Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: 5-fluorouracil Curcumin Hesperidin Chemoprotective Agents Renoprotective Animal Study Sat, 05 Jun 2021 19:47:41 +0000 greenmedinfo 240725 at https://greenmedinfo.com 5-Fluorouracil chemotherapy in gastric cancer resulted in acquisition of cancer stem cell like properties. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/5-fluorouracil-chemotherapy-gastric-cancer-resulted-acquisition-cancer-stem-ce PMID:  Int J Biol Sci. 2015 ;11(3):284-94. Epub 2015 Jan 21. PMID: 25678847 Abstract Title:  5-Fluorouracil chemotherapy of gastric cancer generates residual cells with properties of cancer stem cells. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: 5-Fluorouracil (5Fu) chemotherapy is the first treatment of choice for advanced gastric cancer (GC), but its effectiveness is limited by drug resistance. Emerging evidence suggests that the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) contributes to chemoresistance. The aim of the present study was to determine whether 5Fu chemotherapy generates residual cells with CSC-like properties in GC.METHODS: Human GC cell lines, SGC7901 and AGS, were exposed to increasing 5Fu concentrations. The residual cells were assessed for both chemosensitivity and CSC-like properties. B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 (BMI1), a putative CSC protein, was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and subjected to pairwise comparison in GC tissues treated with or without neoadjuvant 5Fu-based chemotherapy. The correlation between BMI1 expression and recurrence-free survival in GC patients who received 5Fu-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy was then examined.RESULTS: The residual cells exhibited 5Fu chemoresistance. These 5Fu-resistant cells displayed some CSC features, such as a high percentage of quiescent cells, increased self-renewal ability and tumorigenicity. The 5Fu-resistant cells were also enriched with cells expressing cluster of differentiation (CD)133+, CD326+ and CD44+CD24-. Moreover, the BMI1 gene was overexpressed in 5Fu-resistant cells, and BMI1 knockdown effectively reversed chemoresistance. The BMI1 protein was highly expressed consistently in the remaining GC tissues after 5Fu-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and BMI1 levels were correlated positively with recurrence-free survival in GC patients who received 5Fu-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy.CONCLUSIONS: Our data provided molecular evidence illustrating that 5Fu chemotherapy in GC resulted in acquisition of CSC-like properties. Moreover, enhanced BMI1 expression contributed to 5Fu resistance and may serve as a potential therapeutic target to reverse chemoresistance in GC patients. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/5-fluorouracil-chemotherapy-gastric-cancer-resulted-acquisition-cancer-stem-ce#comments Cancers: Drug Resistant Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: 5-fluorouracil Gastric Cancer Cancer Stem Cells In Vitro Study Thu, 30 Jun 2016 05:57:00 +0000 greenmedinfo 129414 at https://greenmedinfo.com 5-FU was found to induce a reduction in food intake in mice. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/5-fu-was-found-induce-reduction-food-intake-mice PMID:  Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2016 Apr 30. Epub 2016 Apr 30. PMID: 27130783 Abstract Title:  Role of peptide YY in 5-fluorouracil-induced reduction of dietary intake. Abstract:  5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is part of the standard care for cancer treatment but is associated with high incidences of appetite loss and reduced food intake, which may contribute to chemotherapy-induced cachexia (weakness and wasting of tissue). The role of gastrointestinal satiety hormones in chemotherapy-induced appetite loss has not been intensively investigated. Peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 are important signals of gastrointestinal satiety, so we examined the roles of these gut hormones in 5-FU-induced reduction of dietary intake. Mice were given 5-FU (50 mg/kg, i.p.) every day for 4 consecutive days. Gene expression levels of proglucagon (Pro-Gcg), a precursor of GLP-1, and PYY in the colon were examined by real-time RT-PCR. Serum levels of GLP-1 and PYY were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Some mice were pretreated with the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin9-39 (1 mg/kg) or the neuropeptide Y type 2 (NPY2) receptor antagonist BIIE0246 (2 mg/kg) via the intraperitoneal route 30 min before 5-FU administration. Mice receiving 5-FU exhibited a significant reduction in food intake that was correlated with body weight loss. These mice also showed significantly enhanced expression levels of mRNAs encoding pro-GLP-1 and PYY in the transverse and distal colon as well as elevated serum concentrations of GLP-1 and PYY compared to vehicle-treated controls. The 5-FU-induced reduction in food intake was attenuated by BIIE0246 but not by exendin9-39. These data suggest that administration of a NPY2 receptor antagonist may be effective for attenuating the anorexia caused by 5-FU chemotherapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/5-fu-was-found-induce-reduction-food-intake-mice#comments Anorexia: Cancer-Associated Cachexia: Chemotherapy Induced Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: 5-fluorouracil Fluorouracil (5-FU or f5U) Animal Study Mon, 02 May 2016 14:24:05 +0000 greenmedinfo 126766 at https://greenmedinfo.com A Panax quinquefolius-based preparation prevents the impact of 5-FU on activity/exploration behaviors. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/panax-quinquefolius-based-preparation-prevents-impact-5-fu-activityexploration PMID:  Cancers (Basel). 2022 Sep 10 ;14(18). Epub 2022 Sep 10. PMID: 36139563 Abstract Title:  A-Based Preparation Prevents the Impact of 5-FU on Activity/Exploration Behaviors and Not on Cognitive Functions Mitigating Gut Microbiota and Inflammation in Mice. Abstract:  Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) and fatigue constitute common complaints among cancer patient survivors.has been shown to be effective against fatigue in treated cancer patients. We developed a behavioral C57Bl/6j mouse model to study the role of a-based solution containing vitamin C (Qiseng) or vitamin C alone in activity/fatigue, emotional reactivity and cognitive functions impacted by 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy. 5-FU significantly reduces the locomotor/exploration activity potentially associated with fatigue, evokes spatial cognitive impairments and leads to a decreased neurogenesis within the hippocampus (Hp). Qisengfully prevents the impact of chemotherapy on activity/fatigue and on neurogenesis, specifically in the ventral Hp. We observed that the chemotherapy treatment induces intestinal damage and inflammation associated with increased levels of Lactobacilli in mouse gut microbiota and increased expression of plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines, notably IL-6 and MCP-1. We demonstrated that Qisengprevents the 5-FU-induced increase in Lactobacilli levels and further compensates the 5-FU-induced cytokine release. Concomitantly, in the brains of 5-FU-treated mice, Qisengpartially attenuates the IL-6 receptor gp130 expression associated with a decreased proliferation of neural stem cells in the Hp. In conclusion, Qisengprevents the symptoms of fatigue, reduced chemotherapy-induced neuroinflammation and altered neurogenesis, while regulating the mouse gut microbiota composition, thus protecting against intestinal and systemic inflammation. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/panax-quinquefolius-based-preparation-prevents-impact-5-fu-activityexploration" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/panax-quinquefolius-based-preparation-prevents-impact-5-fu-activityexploration#comments Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: 5-fluorouracil Ginseng (American) Anti-Inflammatory Agents Gastrointestinal Agents Neuroprotective Agents Animal Study Sat, 21 Jan 2023 01:14:10 +0000 greenmedinfo 269724 at https://greenmedinfo.com A purified dry extract of ginseng may improve cancer related fatigue via regulation of inflammatory responses and hematopoiesis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/purified-dry-extract-ginseng-may-improve-cancer-related-fatigue-regulation-inf PMID:  Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015 ;2015:197459. Epub 2015 Apr 7. PMID: 25945105 Abstract Title:  Ginseng Purified Dry Extract, BST204, Improved Cancer Chemotherapy-Related Fatigue and Toxicity in Mice. Abstract:  Cancer related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common side effects of cancer and its treatments. A large proportion of cancer patients experience cancer-related physical and central fatigue so new strategies are needed for treatment and improved survival of these patients. BST204 was prepared by incubating crude ginseng extract with ginsenoside-β-glucosidase. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of BST204, mixture of ginsenosides on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced CRF, the glycogen synthesis, and biochemical parameters in mice. The mice were randomly divided into the following groups: the naïve normal (normal), the HT-29 cell inoculated (xenograft), xenograft and 5-FU treated (control), xenograft + 5-FU + BST204-treated (100 and 200 mg/kg) (BST204), and xenograft + 5-FU + modafinil (13 mg/kg) treated group (modafinil). Running wheel activity and forced swimming test were used for evaluation of CRF. Muscle glycogen, serum inflammatory cytokines, aspartic aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine (CRE), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEUT), red blood cell (RBC), and hemoglobin (HGB) were measured. Treatment with BST204 significantly increased the running wheel activity andforced swimming time compared to the control group. Consistent with the behavioral data, BST204 markedly increased muscle glycogen activity and concentrations of WBC, NEUT, RBC, and HGB. Also, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), AST, ALT, and CRE levels in the serum were significantly reduced in the BST204-treated group compared to the control group. This result suggests that BST204 may improve chemotherapy-related fatigue and adverse toxic side effects. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/purified-dry-extract-ginseng-may-improve-cancer-related-fatigue-regulation-inf#comments Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: 5-fluorouracil Fatigue: Cancer-Associated Ginseng Ginsenosides Chemoprotective Agents Interleukin-6 Downregulation Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor Animal Study Wed, 03 Jun 2015 00:38:17 +0000 greenmedinfo 118009 at https://greenmedinfo.com A reishi extract ameliorates the colon precancerous lesions induced by AOM and the small-intestinal injury caused by 5-FU. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/reishi-extract-ameliorates-colon-precancerous-lesions-induced-aom-and-small-in PMID:  Med Mol Morphol. 2013 Jun ;46(2):97-103. Epub 2013 Jan 22. PMID: 23338779 Abstract Title:  Effects of a water-soluble extract of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia on aberrant crypt foci induced by azoxymethane and small-intestinal injury by 5-FU in F344 rats. Abstract:  The present study investigated whether a water-soluble extract from the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia (Japanese: Reishi or Mannentake) (designated as MAK) exerted a protective effect against induction of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) by azoxymethane (AOM) and small-intestinal damage induced by the anticancer drug 5-FU. Six-week-old male F344 rats were fed a basic diet (MF), either alone or containing 2.5 % MAK, beginning 1 week before treatment with AOM. The rats were then given subcutaneous injections of AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) once in a week for 3 weeks. Next, beginning 1 day after the final AOM treatment, 25 or 80 mg/kg 5-FU was injected intraperitoneally three times at 5-day intervals. Finally, the rats were killed 3.5 days after the last injection of 5-FU. The large and small intestines were removed, and tissue specimens were examined for both ACF in the large intestine and regeneration of small-intestinal crypts. The number of ACF was significantly decreased by treatment with 25 mg 5-FU and further decreased by 25 mg 5-FU + MAK in comparison with 5-FU alone. Moreover, there was a greater degree of recovery from small-intestinal damage in the 5-FU + MAK groups than in rats that had received 5-FU alone. The present results indicate that MAK ameliorates the colon precancerous lesions induced by AOM and the small-intestinal injury caused by 5-FU, suggesting that MAK could have potential as a preventive agent against colonic precancer, which is a common adverse effect of chemotherapy. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/reishi-extract-ameliorates-colon-precancerous-lesions-induced-aom-and-small-in#comments Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: 5-fluorouracil Reishi Mushroom Anticarcinogenic Agents Chemoprotective Agents Animal Study Thu, 07 May 2015 23:15:06 +0000 greenmedinfo 117249 at https://greenmedinfo.com Adjunctive oral cryotherapy is effective for the prophylaxis and relief of oral mucositis and anorexia caused by chemotherapy. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/adjunctive-oral-cryotherapy-effective-prophylaxis-and-relief-oral-mucositis-an PMID:  Esophagus. 2019 04 ;16(2):207-213. Epub 2019 Jan 1. PMID: 30600487 Abstract Title:  Oral cryotherapy for prophylaxis of oral mucositis caused by docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil chemotherapy for esophageal cancer. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy, including preoperative chemotherapy, plays an important role in the treatment of esophageal cancer. However, although docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (DCF) therapy has a powerful antitumor effect, the associated adverse events make it difficult to maintain the patient&#039;s general condition. Oral mucositis is an important adverse effect of chemotherapy, and its severity, frequency, and impact on patient quality of life should not be underestimated. This study evaluated the role of oral cryotherapy for prophylaxis of oral mucositis caused by DCF therapy.METHODS: We retrospectively examined the incidence and severity of adverse events, including mucositis, in 72 patients with esophageal cancer treated with DCF. Fifty-eight patients received cryotherapy during docetaxel administration and 14 received no cryotherapy.RESULTS: The incidence of mucositis of all grades and grade 3 was significantly lower in the cryotherapy group compared with the no-cryotherapy group (24.1% vs. 71.4%, P <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/adjunctive-oral-cryotherapy-effective-prophylaxis-and-relief-oral-mucositis-an" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/adjunctive-oral-cryotherapy-effective-prophylaxis-and-relief-oral-mucositis-an#comments Anorexia: Cancer-Associated Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: 5-fluorouracil Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: Cisplatin Esophageal Cancer Oral Mucositis Anti-Cachexic Agents Chemoprotective Agents Cryotherapy Human Study Tue, 10 Dec 2019 23:31:00 +0000 greenmedinfo 204391 at https://greenmedinfo.com Amelioration of chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis by orally administered probiotics. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/amelioration-chemotherapy-induced-intestinal-mucositis-orally-administered-pro PMID:  PLoS One. 2015 ;10(9):e0138746. Epub 2015 Sep 25. PMID: 26406888 Abstract Title:  Amelioration of Chemotherapy-Induced Intestinal Mucositis by Orally Administered Probiotics in a Mouse Model. Abstract:  BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Intestinal mucositis is a frequently encountered side effect in oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy. No well-established or up to date therapeutic strategies are available. To study a novel way to alleviate mucositis, we investigate the effects and safety of probiotic supplementation in ameliorating 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis in a mouse model.METHODS: Seventy-two mice were injected saline or 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) intraperitoneally daily. Mice were either orally administrated daily saline, probiotic suspension of Lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus (Lcr35) or Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum (LaBi). Diarrhea score, pro-inflammatory cytokines serum levels, intestinal villus height and crypt depth and total RNA from tissue were assessed. Samples of blood, liver and spleen tissues were assessed for translocation.RESULTS: Marked diarrhea developed in the 5-FU groups but was attenuated after oral Lcr35 and LaBi administrations. Diarrhea scores decreased significantly from 2.64 to 1.45 and 0.80, respectively (P<p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/amelioration-chemotherapy-induced-intestinal-mucositis-orally-administered-pro" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/amelioration-chemotherapy-induced-intestinal-mucositis-orally-administered-pro#comments Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: 5-fluorouracil Diarrhea: Drug-Associated Mucositis Probiotics Anti-Inflammatory Agents Chemoprotective Agents Gastroprotective Interleukin-6 Downregulation Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor Animal Study Fri, 17 Jan 2020 17:15:48 +0000 greenmedinfo 208217 at https://greenmedinfo.com Ameliorative effect of Atractylodes macrocephala essential oil combined with Panax ginseng total saponins on 5-fluorouracil induced diarrhea. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ameliorative-effect-atractylodes-macrocephala-essential-oil-combined-panax-gin PMID:  J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 Jun 28 ;238:111887. Epub 2019 Apr 17. PMID: 31004726 Abstract Title:  Ameliorative effect of Atractylodes macrocephala essential oil combined with Panax ginseng total saponins on 5-fluorouracil induced diarrhea is associated with gut microbial modulation. Abstract:  ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) holds that deficiency of spleen-Qi is the major pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID). Herb pair of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (AM) and Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. (PG) has good effects of supplementing Qi and strengthening spleen.AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate therapeutic effects and mechanism of Atractylodes macrocephala essential oil (AMO) and Panax ginseng total saponins (PGS) alone and in combination (AP) on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy induced diarrhea in mice.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mice were administered with AMO, PGS and AP respectively for 11 days, and intraperitoneally injected with 5-FU for 6 days since the 3rd day of the experiment. During the experiment, the body weights and diarrhea scores of mice were recorded daily. Thymus and spleen indexes were calculated after sacrifice of the mice. Pathological changes in ileum and colonic tissues were examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. And the content levels of intestinal inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immmunosorbent assays (ELISA). 16S rDNA Amplicon Sequencing was used to analyze and interpret the gut microbiota of fecal samples.RESULTS: AP significantly inhibited body weights loss, diarrhea, reductions of thymus and spleen indexes, and pathological changes of ileums and colons induced by 5-FU. Neither AMO nor PGS alone significantly improved above-mentioned abnormalities. Besides, AP could significantly suppressed the 5-FU-mediated increases of the intestinal inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-17), while AMO or PGS only inhibited some of them after 5-FU chemotherapy. Gut microbiota analysis indicated that 5-FU induced overall structural changes of gut microbiota were reversed after AP treatment. Additionally, AP significantly modulated the abundances of different phyla similar to normal values, and restored the ratios of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B). At genus level, AP treatment dramatically decreased potential pathogens like Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Anaerotruncus and Desulfovibrio. AP also antagonized the abnormal effects of AMO and PGS alone oncertain genera like Blautia, Parabacteroides and Lactobacillus. Neither AMO nor PGS alone inhibited changes of gut microbial structure caused by 5-FU.CONCLUSIONS: AP, combination of AMO and PGS, not AMO or PGS alone, significantly ameliorated diarrhea, inhibited intestinal pathology, and modulated gut microbial structure in 5-FU induced mice. AP also antagonized abnormal effects of AMO or PGS on certain genera. The results illustrated that gut microbiota was involved in the combined effects of AP on 5-FU induced diarrhea. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ameliorative-effect-atractylodes-macrocephala-essential-oil-combined-panax-gin" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ameliorative-effect-atractylodes-macrocephala-essential-oil-combined-panax-gin#comments Bai Zhu Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: 5-fluorouracil Diarrhea: Drug-Associated Dysbiosis Ginseng Chemoprotective Agents Gastrointestinal Agents Essential Oils Animal Study Mon, 16 Sep 2019 22:05:09 +0000 greenmedinfo 196588 at https://greenmedinfo.com Angelica sinensis polysaccharide could protect bone marrow stromal cells from chemotherapeutic injury. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/angelica-sinensis-polysaccharide-could-protect-bone-marrow-stromal-cells-chemo PMID:  Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Oct 28 ;18(11). Epub 2017 Oct 28. PMID: 29143796 Abstract Title:  Angelica sinensis Polysaccharides Ameliorate Stress-Induced Premature Senescence of Hematopoietic Cell via Protecting Bone Marrow Stromal Cells from Oxidative Injuries Caused by 5-Fluorouracil. Abstract:  Myelosuppression is the most common complication of chemotherapy. Decline of self-renewal capacity and stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) induced by chemotherapeutic agents may be the cause of long-term myelosuppression after chemotherapy. Whether the mechanism of SIPS of hematopoietic cells relates to chemotherapeutic injury occurred in hematopoietic microenvironment (HM) is still not well elucidated. This study explored the protective effect ofpolysaccharide (ASP), an acetone extract polysaccharide found as the major effective ingredients of a traditional Chinese medicinal herb named Chinese Angelica (Dong Quai), on oxidative damage of homo sapiens bone marrow/stroma cell line (HS-5) caused by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and the effect of ASP relieving oxidative stress in HM on SIPS of hematopoietic cells. Tumor-suppressive doses of 5-FU inhibited the growth of HS-5 in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. 5-FU induced HS-5 apoptosis and also accumulated cellular hallmarks of senescence including cell cycle arrest and typical senescence-associatedβ-galactosidase positive staining. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased in 5-FU treated HS-5 cells and coinstantaneous with attenuated antioxidant capacity marked by superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Oxidative stress initiated DNA damage indicated by increased γH2AX and 8-OHdG. Oxidative damage of HS-5 cells resulted in declined hematopoietic stimulating factors including stem cell factor (SCF), stromal cell-derived factor (SDF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), however, elevated inflammatory chemokines such as RANTES. Inaddition, gap junction channel protein expression and mediated intercellular communications were attenuated after 5-FU treatment. Significantly, co-culture on 5-FU treated HS-5 feeder layer resulted in less quantity of human umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic cells and CD34⁺ hematopoieticstem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and SIPS of hematopoietic cells. However, it is noteworthy that ASP ameliorated SIPS of hematopoietic cells by the mechanism of protecting bone marrow stromal cells from chemotherapeutic injury via mitigating oxidative damage of stromal cells and improving their hematopoietic function. This study provides a new strategy to alleviate the complication of conventional cancer therapy using chemotherapeutic agents. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/angelica-sinensis-polysaccharide-could-protect-bone-marrow-stromal-cells-chemo" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/angelica-sinensis-polysaccharide-could-protect-bone-marrow-stromal-cells-chemo#comments Angelica Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: 5-fluorouracil DNA damage Oxidative Stress Antioxidants Chemoprotective Agents Plant Extracts In Vitro Study Fri, 06 Sep 2019 01:40:23 +0000 greenmedinfo 195788 at https://greenmedinfo.com Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of lycopene against 5-fluorouracil-induced cytotoxicity in Caco2 cells. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/antioxidant-and-anti-inflammatory-activities-lycopene-against-5-fluorouracil-i PMID:  Saudi Pharm J. 2022 Nov ;30(11):1665-1671. Epub 2022 Sep 20. PMID: 36465840 Abstract Title:  Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of lycopene against 5-fluorouracil-induced cytotoxicity in Caco2 cells. Abstract:  5-fluorouracil (5FU) is widely used to treat colorectal cancer (CC) and its main mechanisms of anticancer action are through generation of ROS which often result in inflammation. Here, we test the effect of Lycopene against 5FU in Caco2 cell line. Caco2 cells were exposed to 3 µg/ml of 5FU alone or with 60, 90, 120 µg/ml of lycopene. This was followed by assessment of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and gene expression of inflammatory genes. Our findings showed that Lycopene and 5FU co-exposure induced dose-dependent cytotoxic effect without compromising the membrane integrity based on the LDH assay. Lycopene also significantly enhanced 5FU-induced SOD activity and GSH level compared to control for all mixture concentrations ( <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/antioxidant-and-anti-inflammatory-activities-lycopene-against-5-fluorouracil-i" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/antioxidant-and-anti-inflammatory-activities-lycopene-against-5-fluorouracil-i#comments Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: 5-fluorouracil Lycopene Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antioxidants Chemoprotective Agents Chemosensitizer In Vitro Study Thu, 12 Jan 2023 21:49:46 +0000 greenmedinfo 269330 at https://greenmedinfo.com Antiproliferative and palliative activity of flavonoids in colorectal cancer. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/antiproliferative-and-palliative-activity-flavonoids-colorectal-cancer PMID:  Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Nov ;143:112241. Epub 2021 Sep 30. PMID: 34649363 Abstract Title:  Antiproliferative and palliative activity of flavonoids in colorectal cancer. Abstract:  Flavonoids are plant bioactive compounds of great interest in nutrition and pharmacology, due to their remarkable properties as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor drugs. More than 5000 different flavonoids exist in nature, with a huge structural diversity and a plethora of interesting pharmacological properties. In this work, five flavonoids were tested for their potential use as antitumor drugs against three CRC cell lines (HCT116, HT-29 and T84). These cell lines represent three different stages of this tumor, one of which is metastatic. Xanthohumol showed the best antitumor activity on the three cancer cell lines, even better than that of the clinical drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), although no synergistic effect was observed in the combination therapy with this drug. On the other hand, apigenin and luteolin displayed slightly lower antitumor activities on these cancer cell lines but showed a synergistic effect in combination with 5-FU in the case of HTC116, which is of potential clinical interest. Furthermore, a literature review highlighted that these flavonoids show very interesting palliative effects on clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, mucositis, neuropathic pain and others often associated with the chemotherapy treatment of CRC. Flavonoids could provide a double effect for the combination treatment, potentiating the antitumor effect of 5-FU, and simultaneously, preventing important side effects of 5-FU chemotherapy. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/antiproliferative-and-palliative-activity-flavonoids-colorectal-cancer" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/antiproliferative-and-palliative-activity-flavonoids-colorectal-cancer#comments Apigenin Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: 5-fluorouracil Colorectal Cancer Eriodictyol Luteolin Naringenin Xanthohumol Antiproliferative Chemoprotective Agents In Vitro Study Fri, 19 Nov 2021 12:22:53 +0000 greenmedinfo 248913 at https://greenmedinfo.com Artesunate alleviates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal damage. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/artesunate-alleviates-5-fluorouracil-induced-intestinal-damage PMID:  Discov Oncol. 2023 Jul 27 ;14(1):139. Epub 2023 Jul 27. PMID: 37498338 Abstract Title:  Artesunate alleviates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal damage by suppressing cellular senescence and enhances its antitumor activity. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent diagnosed malignancies and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and its combination regimen are commonly used as primary chemotherapeutic agents for advanced CRC. Intestinal mucositis is one of the most frequent side effects of 5-FU. Artesunate (Arte) is derived from the wormwood plant Artemisia annua. Arte is not only effective against malaria but also diabetes, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and other conditions. The mechanism by which 5-FU damages the intestinal tract is unclear, and there is no standard treatment for diarrhea caused by 5-FU. Therefore, it is critical to discover novel and promising therapeutic drugs for 5-FU side effect treatment.METHODS: The morphology and expression of genes and proteins associated with the aging of HUVECs, HIECs, and intestinal tissues were compared to the those of the control group. The cell lines and tissues were evaluated by SA-β-Gal staining, Western blotting, and RT‒qPCR. HIEC and HCT116 cell viability was assessed in vitro by a CCK-8 assay and in vivo by a subcutaneous tumor mouse assay. Tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Here, we report that Arte alleviates the adverse side effects caused by 5-FU in intestinal tissue, and that 5-FU-induced intestinal damage is associated with drug-induced chemical inflammation and an increase in the proportion of senescent cells. Arte decreases the ratio of SA-β-Gal-positive cells and downregulated the expression of aging-related proteins (p53, p16) and aging-related genes (p53, p21). Mechanistically, Arte relieves intestinal injury by inhibiting mTOR expression, which is associated with the regulation of aging. Moreover, Arte suppresses the p38MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, which are related to inflammation regulation. In addition, the combined therapy of Arte plus 5-FU significantly decreases cancer cell viability in vitro. Arte and 5-FU synergistically reduce the growth of colorectal cancer (CRC) xenografts in vivo.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our findings point to the crucial treatment effect of Arte on inflammation, intestinal cell senescence, and CRC cell proliferation and offer a new option for CRC treatment. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/artesunate-alleviates-5-fluorouracil-induced-intestinal-damage" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/artesunate-alleviates-5-fluorouracil-induced-intestinal-damage#comments Artesunate Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: 5-fluorouracil Anti-Inflammatory Agents Chemoprotective Agents Chemosensitizer Gastroprotective Animal Study Sun, 15 Oct 2023 02:58:27 +0000 greenmedinfo 282217 at https://greenmedinfo.com Asiatic acid can prevent the spatial working memory and hippocampal neurogenesis impairments caused by 5-FU chemotherapy. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/asiatic-acid-can-prevent-spatial-working-memory-and-hippocampal-neurogenesis-i PMID:  PLoS One. 2017 ;12(7):e0180650. Epub 2017 Jul 10. PMID: 28700628 Abstract Title:  Asiatic acid protects against cognitive deficits and reductions in cell proliferation and survival in the rat hippocampus caused by 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. Abstract:  The chemotherapy drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has been reported to cause cognitive impairments in cancer patients. The drug also reduces cell proliferation and survival in the brain. Asiatic acid (AA) is a triterpene compound found in Centella asiatica that can protect against reduction of neurogenesis in the hippocampus and memory deficits induced by valproic acid (VPA). In the present study, we investigated the preventive effects of AA on the deficits in spatial working memory and cell proliferation and survival caused by 5-FU chemotherapy in a rat model. Male Sprague Dawley rats received 5-FU (5 i.v. injections, 25 mg/kg) on day 8, 11, 14, 17 and 20 of the study. This was co-administered with AA (30 mg/kg, oral gavage tube) either 20 days before receiving 5-FU (preventive), after receiving 5-FU (recovery), or for the entire period of the experiment (throughout). Spatial working memory was determined using the novel object location (NOL) test and hippocampal cell proliferation and survival of dividing cells were quantified using immunohistochemistry. Rats in the 5-FU alone and recovery groups showed memory deficits in the NOL test and reductions in cell proliferation and cell survival in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Rats in the control, AA alone, and both preventive and throughout co-administration groups, however, did not exhibit these characteristics. The results showed that 5-FU chemotherapy impaired memory and reduced cell proliferation and cell survival in the SGZ of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. However, these impairments in the animals receiving 5-FU chemotherapy were restored to control levels when AA was co-administered before and during 5-FU treatment. These data demonstrate that AA can prevent the spatial working memory and hippocampal neurogenesis impairments caused by 5-FU chemotherapy. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/asiatic-acid-can-prevent-spatial-working-memory-and-hippocampal-neurogenesis-i" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/asiatic-acid-can-prevent-spatial-working-memory-and-hippocampal-neurogenesis-i#comments Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: 5-fluorouracil Gotu Kola Chemoprotective Agents Neuroprotective Agents Animal Study Wed, 21 Mar 2018 18:55:40 +0000 greenmedinfo 161484 at https://greenmedinfo.com Asiatic acid has neuroprotective properties against 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/asiatic-acid-has-neuroprotective-properties-against-5-fluorouracil-chemotherap PMID:  Nutrients. 2018 Aug 9 ;10(8). Epub 2018 Aug 9. PMID: 30096914 Abstract Title:  Neuroprotective Properties of Asiatic Acid against 5-Fluorouracil Chemotherapy in the Hippocampus in an Adult Rat Model. Abstract:  5-fluorouracil or 5-FU (a chemotherapeutic medication) has been revealed to induce memory deficits in many cancer patients. Asiatic acid (AA) is a triterpenoid extract fromThis compound can ameliorate intracellular oxidative stress caused by chemotherapy drugs. Recent studies have shown that AA is capable of inhibiting neuronal generation and memory deficit produced by 5-FU chemotherapy. This study aimed to assess the molecular mechanisms of AA related to hippocampal neurogenesis and memory in rats receiving 5-FU. Male Sprague Dawley rats were given AA (30 mg/kg) orally and given 5-FU (25 mg/kg) by i.v. injection 5 times. Some rats were given AA for 20 days before and during 15-FU treatment (preventive), some received AA for 20 days after 5-FU treatment (recovery), and some underwent treatment with AA throughout the time of the experiment (throughout) for 40 days. Treatment with 5-FU caused significant reductions in Notch1, sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), nestin, doublecortin (DCX), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels within the hippocampus. In addition, 5-FU significantly increased p21 positive cell number in the subgranular zone (SGZ) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the hippocampus. Administration with both AA and 5-FU in prevention and throughout was able to prevent decreases in Notch1 SOX2, nestin, DCX, and Nrf2 caused by 5-FU. Treatment with AA also led to decreases in p21 positive cells and MDA levels in the hippocampus. These findings exhibit that AA has the ability to counteract the down-regulation of neurogenesis within the hippocampus and memory deficits caused by 5-FU via inhibiting oxidative stress and increasing neuroprotective properties. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/asiatic-acid-has-neuroprotective-properties-against-5-fluorouracil-chemotherap" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/asiatic-acid-has-neuroprotective-properties-against-5-fluorouracil-chemotherap#comments Asiatic Acid Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: 5-fluorouracil Chemoprotective Agents Neuroprotective Agents Animal Study Thu, 30 Aug 2018 02:00:36 +0000 greenmedinfo 169890 at https://greenmedinfo.com