Cachexia https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/6745/all en Administration of a polyphenol-rich apple extract reduces the number of neoplastic lesions in mice with AOM-induced colorectal cancer. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/administration-polyphenol-rich-apple-extract-reduces-number-neoplastic-lesions PMID:  Foods. 2021 Apr 15 ;10(4). Epub 2021 Apr 15. PMID: 33921048 Abstract Title:  Azoxymethane-Induced Colorectal Cancer Mice Treated with a Polyphenol-Rich Apple Extract Show Less Neoplastic Lesions and Signs of Cachexia. Abstract:  Obesity is considered a risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer. In rodents, high-fat (HF) diets are able to increase the formation of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced polyps. Polyphenol-rich apple extracts have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and may induce an amelioration of the manifestations of colorectal cancer. Twenty-seven male Crl:CD-1 mice received AOM during four weeks and were subsequently divided into three groups fed a HF diet (= 9 each group): a non-supplemented group, a second group supplemented with apple extract at 1%, and a third group supplemented with the same apple extract at 1.5%. Energy metabolism and the respiratory quotient were not affected by the supplementation with the apple extract. Although body weight was not affected by the treatment, the mice supplemented with the apple extract showed less signs of cachexia than the non-treated mice. In the intestine, the mice supplemented with the apple extract showed lower sucrase, dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, and aminopeptidase N activities, and less intestinal lesions (aberrant crypt foci and polyps). Administration of a polyphenol-rich apple extract reduces the number of neoplastic lesions in mice with AOM-induced colorectal cancer and contributes to preserve adipose tissue mass. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/administration-polyphenol-rich-apple-extract-reduces-number-neoplastic-lesions" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/administration-polyphenol-rich-apple-extract-reduces-number-neoplastic-lesions#comments Apple Cachexia Colorectal Cancer Polyphenols Anticarcinogenic Agents Chemopreventive Animal Study Wed, 23 Jun 2021 21:05:36 +0000 greenmedinfo 241618 at https://greenmedinfo.com Agaricus brasiliensis appears to have beneficial effects related to cachexia in the treatment of tumor-bearing mice. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/agaricus-brasiliensis-appears-have-beneficial-effects-related-cachexia-treatme PMID:  J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Apr 18;55(8):2816-23. Epub 2007 Mar 24. PMID: 20130735 Abstract Title:  Effects of Agaricus brasiliensis mushroom in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats. Abstract:  Agaricus brasiliensis is a mushroom native to São Paulo State, Brazil, that is studied for its medicinal proprieties. This work aimed to investigate the antitumoral activity of A. brasiliensis extracts and pure powdered basidiocarp preparation using Walker-256 (W256) tumor-bearing rats, a model for cancer-related cachexia studies. The rats weretreated for 14 days by gavage (136 mg/kg) and at the end of the experiment tumors were collected to calculate mass and volume. Blood was collected for determination of plasma glucose, albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Hepatic and tumor enzymes indicatingoxidative stress were also evaluated. The results showed that all 4 treatments (pure powdered basidiocarp and aqueous, acid, and alkaline extracts) significantly reduced tumor size and promoted gain in body weight. Plasmatic analysis showed a reduction in AST level and increased glycemia in the treated rats. Pure basidiocarp preparations improved the liver catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, but did not change the glutathione S-transferase activity. The data collected from the W256 tumor-bearing rats revealed the beneficial effects of A. brasiliensis in tumor treatment, mainly relatedto cachexia. The benefits can be partly related to antioxidant activity and to reduction of weight loss and tumor growth. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/agaricus-brasiliensis-appears-have-beneficial-effects-related-cachexia-treatme#comments Agaricus brasiliensis Cachexia Tumors Animal Study Sun, 14 Feb 2010 19:33:09 +0000 greenmedinfo 51396 at https://greenmedinfo.com Aloe vera and honey treatment affect the tumor and host by different mechanisms by modulated host wasting and cachexia, while promoting oxidative stress and damage in tumor tissues. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/aloe-vera-and-honey-treatment-affect-tumor-and-host-different-mechanisms-modul PMID:  J Med Food. 2015 Apr 9. Epub 2015 Apr 9. PMID: 25856497 Abstract Title:  Oral Administration of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Xanthorrhoeaceae) and Honey Improves the Host Body Composition and Modulates Proteolysis Through Reduction of Tumor Progression and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Abstract:  Oxidative stress has a dual role in cancer; it is linked with tumorigenic events and host wasting, as well as senescence and apoptosis. Researchers have demonstrated the importance of coadjuvant therapies in cancer treatment, and Aloe vera and honey have immunomodulatory, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. The preventive and therapeutic effects of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Xanthorrhoeaceae) and honey in tumor progression and host wasting were analyzed in Walker 256 carcinoma-bearing rats. The animals were distributed into the following groups: C=control-untreated, W=tumor-untreated, WA=treated after tumor induction, A=control-treated, AW=treated before tumor induction, and AWA=treated before and after tumor induction. Proteolysis and oxidative stress were analyzed in the tumor, liver, muscle, and myocardial tissues. The results suggest that the Aloe vera and honey treatment affect the tumor and host by different mechanisms; the treatment-modulated host wasting and cachexia, whereas it promoted oxidative stress and damage in tumor tissues, particularly in a therapeutic context (WA). https://greenmedinfo.com/article/aloe-vera-and-honey-treatment-affect-tumor-and-host-different-mechanisms-modul#comments Aloe Vera Cachexia Cancers: All Honey Oxidative Stress Anticarcinogenic Agents Antioxidants Immunomodulatory Significant Treatment Outcome Animal Study Fri, 15 May 2015 03:26:18 +0000 greenmedinfo 117435 at https://greenmedinfo.com Alpha linolenic fatty acid supplementation had a beneficial effect on tumor cell proliferation and cachexia parameters. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/alpha-linolenic-fatty-acid-supplementation-had-beneficial-effect-tumor-cell-pr PMID:  Nutr Cancer. 2015 May 26:1-8. Epub 2015 May 26. PMID: 26011096 Abstract Title:  α-Linolenic Fatty Acid Supplementation Decreases Tumor Growth and Cachexia Parameters in Walker 256 Tumor-Bearing Rats. Abstract:  Fish oil (FO) has been shown to affect cancer cachexia, tumor mass, and immunity cell. n-3 PUFA, specificallyα-linolenic fatty acid (ALA), has controversial effects. We investigated this in nontumor-bearing Wistar rats fed regular chow (C), fed regular chow and supplemented with FO or Oro Inca oil (OI), and Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats fed regular chow (W), fed regular chow and supplemented with FO (WFO)or OI (WOI). Rats were supplemented (1g/kg body weight/day) during 4 wk and then the groups tumor-bearing were inoculated with Walker 256 tumor cells suspension and 14 days later the animals were killed. WFO increased EPA fivefold and DHA 1.5-fold in the tumor tissue compared to W (P https://greenmedinfo.com/article/alpha-linolenic-fatty-acid-supplementation-had-beneficial-effect-tumor-cell-pr#comments Alpha Linolenic Acid Breast Cancer Cachexia Antiproliferative Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors Interleukin-6 Downregulation Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor Animal Study Tue, 23 Jun 2015 23:15:40 +0000 greenmedinfo 118403 at https://greenmedinfo.com An essential amino acid, omega-3 fatty acid and asthaxanthin rich crayfish extract reduces symptoms of cachexia and improves survival in rats with cancer. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/essential-amino-acid-omega-3-fatty-acid-and-asthaxanthin-rich-crayfish-extract PMID:  Eur J Nutr. 2007 Sep;46(6):347-53. Epub 2007 Aug 4. PMID: 17676424 Abstract Title:  Nutritional treatment of cancer cachexia in rats. Use of a diet formulated with a crayfish enzymatic extract. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Terminal cancer-associated cachexia, characterized by a marked weight loss, anorexia, asthenia and anemia, is usually associated with a malnutrition status.AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate whether a diet formulated with a crayfish enzymatic extract, enriched in essential amino acids, omega-3 fatty acids, and astaxanthin, would be effective for the treatment of cancer-associated cachexias, by decreasing mortality and morbidity rates in cachectic rats and/or improving survival.METHODS: Two types of diet were used: a standard diet and one formulated with crayfish enzymatic extract. Rats were divided into two groups (24 animals per group): one without tumor (T-) and the other with tumor (T+) (AH-130 Yoshida ascites hepatoma). Each group was further divided into two subgroups (12 animals per subgroup). Two subgroups (T-(standard) and T+(standard)) were fed the standard diet and the other two (T-(CFEE) and T+(CFEE)) the crayfish enzymatic extract one for four weeks, after which different tissue and plasma parameters were studied.RESULTS: The implantation of the tumor resulted in a considerable loss of muscle and adipose tissue mass in both groups, but the loss of muscle and fat was lower in the group fed the crayfish enzymatic extract diet. There was also a concomitant increase in the plasma concentration of TNF-alpha, although the increase was smaller in the crayfish enzymatic extract-treated group.CONCLUSION: This study shows that although the treatment of cachetic rats with the crayfish enzymatic extract diet did not revert the cachexia, it increased survival (57.1% vs. 25.9% in the group treated with crayfish enzymatic extract and standard diets, respectively) and meliorated the cachexia symptoms--anorexia and body mass loss (muscle and adipose tissue). https://greenmedinfo.com/article/essential-amino-acid-omega-3-fatty-acid-and-asthaxanthin-rich-crayfish-extract#comments Amino Acids Astaxanthin Cachexia Crayfish Omega-3 Fatty Acids Animal Study Tue, 28 Jun 2011 21:04:42 +0000 greenmedinfo 64999 at https://greenmedinfo.com Anorexia: Cancer-Associated https://greenmedinfo.com/disease/anorexia-cancer-associated <div class="field field-image"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <img class="imagefield imagefield-field_image" width="316" height="450" alt="" src="//cdn.greenmedinfo.com/sites/default/files/Anorexia_0.jpg?1468433643" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-copyright"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> Copyright: &lt;a href=&#039;http://www.123rf.com/profile_Baloncici&#039;&gt;Baloncici / 123RF Stock Photo&lt;/a&gt; </div> </div> </div> <fieldset class="fieldgroup group-facebook-like-info"><legend>Facebook Like Info</legend><div class="field field-facebook-total-count"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 0 </div> </div> </div> </fieldset> https://greenmedinfo.com/disease/anorexia-cancer-associated#comments Cachexia Sat, 13 Feb 2010 20:06:26 +0000 greenmedinfo 51279 at https://greenmedinfo.com Astragalus polysaccharide prevents heart failure-induced cachexia. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/astragalus-polysaccharide-prevents-heart-failure-induced-cachexia PMID:  Lipids Health Dis. 2023 Jan 21 ;22(1):9. Epub 2023 Jan 21. PMID: 36670439 Abstract Title:  Astragalus polysaccharide prevents heart failure-induced cachexia by alleviating excessive adipose expenditure in white and brown adipose tissue. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is a key active ingredient isolated from Astragalus membranaceus that has been reported to be a potential treatment for obesity and diabetes by regulating lipid metabolism and adipogenesis, alleviating inflammation, and improving insulin resistance. However, whether APS regulates lipid metabolism in the context of cachexia remains unclear. Therefore, this study analysed the effects of APS on lipid metabolism and adipose expenditure in a heart failure (HF)-induced cardiac cachexia rat model. METHODS: A salt-sensitive hypertension-induced cardiac cachexia rat model was used in the present study. Cardiac function was detected by echocardiography. The histological features and fat droplets in fat tissue and liver were observed by H&amp;E staining and Oil O Red staining. Immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting and RT‒qPCR were used to detect markers of lipolysis and adipose browning in white adipose tissue (WAT) and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Additionally, sympathetic nerve activity and inflammation in adipose tissue were detected.RESULTS: Rats with HF exhibited decreased cardiac function and reduced adipose accumulation as well as adipocyte atrophy. In contrast, administration of APS not only improved cardiac function and increased adipose weight but also prevented adipose atrophy and FFA efflux in HF-induced cachexia. Moreover, APS inhibited HF-induced lipolysis and browning of white adipocytes since the expression levels of lipid droplet enzymes, including HSL and perilipin, and beige adipocyte markers, including UCP-1, Cd137 and Zic-1, were suppressed after administration of APS. In BAT, treatment with APS inhibited PKA-p38 MAPK signalling, and these effects were accompanied by decreased thermogenesis reflected by decreased expression of UCP-1, PPAR-γand PGC-1αand reduced FFAβ-oxidation in mitochondria reflected by decreased Cd36, Fatp-1 and Cpt1. Moreover, sympathetic nerve activity and interleukin-6 levels were abnormally elevated in HF rats, and astragalus polysaccharide could inhibit their activity.CONCLUSION: APS prevented lipolysis and adipose browning in WAT and decreased BAT thermogenesis. These effects may be related to suppressed sympathetic activity and inflammation. This study provides a potential approach to treat HF-induced cardiac cachexia. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/astragalus-polysaccharide-prevents-heart-failure-induced-cachexia" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/astragalus-polysaccharide-prevents-heart-failure-induced-cachexia#comments Astragalus Cachexia Heart Failure Inflammation Obesity Polysaccharides Animal Study Tue, 21 Feb 2023 22:15:32 +0000 greenmedinfo 271286 at https://greenmedinfo.com Avemar (wheat germ extract) in cancer prevention and treatment. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/avemar-wheat-germ-extract-cancer-prevention-and-treatment PMID:  Nutr Cancer. 2009 ;61(6):891-9. PMID: 20155632 Abstract Title:  Avemar (wheat germ extract) in cancer prevention and treatment. Abstract:  Many healthy foods are derived from wheat germ. The molecular composition of these products, however, greatly differs as shown by normal-phase HPLC-mass spectrometry analysis; thus, experimental data obtained by one of them is not necessarily true for the other. Avemar is a nontoxic wheat germ extract registered as a special nutriment for cancer patients in Hungary. It shows potent anticancer activity on cell lines by deeply interfering with glucose metabolism and affecting expressions of several kinases. In in vivo experimental models, Avemar is also effective by enhancing the activity of the immune system such as stimulating NK cell activity (by reducing MHC I molecule expression), enhancing TNF secretion of the macrophages, increasing ICAM 1 molecule expression on the vascular endothelial cells. All of these lead to apoptosis of tumor cells. The wide range of biological activity of Avemar probably cannot be explained by only one active ingredient. Since there are numerous experimental data and the clinical benefit repeatedly confirmed Avemar can be one of the most potent and best researched food supplements available for cancer patients. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/avemar-wheat-germ-extract-cancer-prevention-and-treatment" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/avemar-wheat-germ-extract-cancer-prevention-and-treatment#comments Cachexia Cancers: All Wheat Germ Anti-metastatic Anticarcinogenic Agents Antiproliferative Apoptotic Plant Extracts Review Sat, 09 Nov 2019 00:04:23 +0000 greenmedinfo 201319 at https://greenmedinfo.com Baicalin treatment effectively ameliorates anorexia by inhibiting cytokine expression and prevents skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/baicalin-treatment-effectively-ameliorates-anorexia-inhibiting-cytokine-expres PMID:  Tumour Biol. 2014 Sep 8. Epub 2014 Sep 8. PMID: 25195133 Abstract Title:  Baicalin, a component of Scutellaria baicalensis, alleviates anorexia and inhibits skeletal muscle atrophy in experimental cancer cachexia. Abstract:  Inflammatory responses are key contributors to cancer cachexia and foster a complex cascade of biological outcomes. Baicalin is a natural compound derived from Scutellaria baicalensis that possesses anti-inflammatory properties in many diseases; therefore, the aim of this study was to verify whether baicalin could ameliorate cachexia in a CT26 adenocarcinoma-induced model. Tumour-bearing and control mice were injected with CT26 adenocarcinoma cells and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), respectively, and baicalin was administered intraperitoneally for 15 days. During the study, food intake, body weight, major organ weight, gastrocnemius muscle weight, tibialis muscle weight, epididymal fat weight and serum cytokine levels were measured and evaluated. Additionally, the expression of two E3 ubiquitin ligases and NF-κB pathway proteins were detectedby Western blot. The total food intake in tumour-bearing mice receiving baicalin from days 1-16, as well as the average food intake on days 10-16, were less than normal but were significantly higher than in vehicle-treated tumour-bearing mice. Loss of tumour-free body mass in vehicle-treated tumour-bearing mice was significantly increased compared with control mice and tumour-bearing mice receiving baicalin. Serum cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were lowered in tumour-bearing mice treated with baicalin. Gastrocnemius muscle, epididymal fat, heart and kidney weight were significantly greater in the baicalin treatment groups compared with the vehicle-treated tumour-bearing mice. In addition, the expression of two E3 ubiquitin ligases, as well as phospho-p65, was significantly downregulated, whereas the expression of IκBα was up-regulatedin tumour-bearing mice treated with baicalin, as determined by Western blotting. The present study demonstrates that baicalin effectively ameliorates anorexia by inhibiting cytokine expression and prevents skeletal muscle atrophy most likely by inhibiting activation of NF-κB in an experimental cancer cachexia model, suggesting that baicalin represents a promising natural medicine for treating cancer-induced cachexia. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/baicalin-treatment-effectively-ameliorates-anorexia-inhibiting-cytokine-expres#comments Anorexia: Cancer-Associated Cachexia Chinese Skullcap Muscle Atrophy Interleukin-6 Downregulation NF-kappaB Inhibitor Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor Animal Study Tue, 16 Sep 2014 10:30:26 +0000 greenmedinfo 114767 at https://greenmedinfo.com Both curcumin and resveratrol show promise as anti-cachexia agents, whereas resveratrol performed better in this study. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/both-curcumin-and-resveratrol-show-promise-anti-cachexia-agents-whereas-resver PMID:  Br J Cancer. 2004 Nov 1;91(9):1742-50. PMID: 15477867 Abstract Title:  Induction of proteasome expression in skeletal muscle is attenuated by inhibitors of NF-kappaB activation. Abstract:  The potential for inhibitors of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation to act as inhibitors of muscle protein degradation in cancer cachexia has been evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Activation of NF-kappaB is important in the induction of proteasome expression and protein degradation by the tumour factor, proteolysis-inducing factor (PIF), since the cell permeable NF-kappaB inhibitor SN50 (18 microM) attenuated the expression of 20S proteasome alpha-subunits, two subunits of the 19S regulator MSS1 and p42, and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, E2(14k), as well as the decrease in myosin expression in murine myotubes. To assess the potential therapeutic benefit of NF-kappaB inhibitors on muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia, two potential inhibitors were employed; curcumin (50 microM) and resveratrol (30 microM). Both agents completely attenuated total protein degradation in murine myotubes at all concentrations of PIF, and attenuated the PIF-induced increase in expression of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway, as determined by the &#039;chymotrypsin-like&#039; enzyme activity, proteasome subunits and E2(14k). However, curcumin (150 and 300 mg kg(-1)) was ineffective in preventing weight loss and muscle protein degradation in mice bearing the MAC16 tumour, whereas resveratrol (1 mg kg(-1)) significantly attenuated weight loss and protein degradation in skeletal muscle, and produced a significant reduction in NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity. The inactivity of curcumin was probably due to a low bioavailability. These results suggest that agents which inhibit nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB may prove useful for the treatment of muscle wasting in cancer cachexia. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/both-curcumin-and-resveratrol-show-promise-anti-cachexia-agents-whereas-resver#comments Cachexia Curcumin Muscle Atrophy Resveratrol Enzyme Inhibitors NF-kappaB Inhibitor Proteasome Inhibitors Stilbenes Animal Study Sun, 20 Feb 2011 19:23:33 +0000 greenmedinfo 61893 at https://greenmedinfo.com Cannabigerol is able to stimulate appetite in pre-satiated rats. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cannabigerol-able-stimulate-appetite-pre-satiated-rats PMID:  Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2016 Aug 9. Epub 2016 Aug 9. PMID: 27503475 Abstract Title:  Cannabigerol is a novel, well-tolerated appetite stimulant in pre-satiated rats. Abstract:  RATIONALE: The appetite-stimulating properties of cannabis are well documented and have been predominantly attributed to the hyperphagic activity of the psychoactive phytocannabinoid,∆(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆(9)-THC). However, we have previously shown that a cannabis extract devoid of ∆(9)-THC still stimulates appetite, indicating that other phytocannabinoids also elicit hyperphagia. One possible candidate is the non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid cannabigerol (CBG), which has affinity for several molecular targets with known involvement in the regulation of feeding behaviour. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to assess the effects of CBG on food intake and feeding pattern microstructure. METHODS: Male Lister hooded rats were administered CBG (30-120 mg/kg, per ora (p.o.)) or placebo and assessed in open field, static beam and grip strength tests to determine a neuromotor tolerability profile for this cannabinoid. Subsequently, CBG (at 30-240 mg/kg, p.o.) or placebo was administered to a further group of pre-satiated rats, and hourly intake and meal pattern data were recorded over 2 h. RESULTS: CBG produced no adverse effects on any parameter in the neuromotor tolerability test battery. In the feeding assay, 120-240 mg/kg CBG more than doubled total food intake and increased the number of meals consumed, and at 240 mg/kg reduced latency to feed. However, the sizes or durations of individual meals were not significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we demonstrate for the first time that CBG elicits hyperphagia, by reducing latency to feed and increasing meal frequency, without producing negative neuromotor side effects. Investigation of the therapeutic potential of CBG for conditions such as cachexia and other disorders of eating and body weight regulation is thus warranted. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cannabigerol-able-stimulate-appetite-pre-satiated-rats#comments Cachexia Cachexia: Chemotherapy Induced Cannabigerol Cannabinoids Appetite Stimulants Animal Study Tue, 06 Sep 2016 21:12:52 +0000 greenmedinfo 134676 at https://greenmedinfo.com Cannabinoid type 1 receptor activation stimulates appetite and promotes lipogenesis and energy storage. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cannabinoid-type-1-receptor-activation-stimulates-appetite-and-promotes-lipoge PMID:  Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2007 Jul ;10(4):443-8. PMID: 17563462 Abstract Title:  Endocannabinoid system in cancer cachexia. Abstract:  PURPOSE OF REVIEW: More than 60% of advanced cancer patients suffer from anorexia and cachexia. This review focuses on the possible mechanisms by which the endocannabinoid system antagonizes cachexia-anorexia processes in cancer patients and how it can be tapped for therapeutic applications.RECENT FINDINGS: Cannabinoids stimulate appetite and food intake. Hepatocytes express functional cannabinoid type 1 receptors, activation of which increases the expression of lipogenic genes (e.g those encoding sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase-1, and fatty acid synthase in the liver and hypothalamus) and increase de-novo fatty acid synthesis, which contributes to development of diet-induced obesity. Both ghrelin and cannabinoids stimulate AMP-activated protein kinase in the hypothalamus, whereas they inhibit it in the liver and adipose tissues. Both anandamide and synthetic cannabinoid type 1 receptor agonists such as HU210 and the plant-derived cannabinoid tetrahydro-cannabinol also significantly inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha.SUMMARY: Cannabinoid type 1 receptor activation stimulates appetite and promotes lipogenesis and energy storage. Further study of cancer-cachexia pathophysiology and the role of endocannabinoids will help us to develop cannabinoids without psychotropic properties, which will help cancer patients suffering from cachexia and improve outcomes of clinical antitumor therapy. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cannabinoid-type-1-receptor-activation-stimulates-appetite-and-promotes-lipoge#comments Cachexia Cannabinoids Delta-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Endocannabinoids Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor Review Wed, 01 Oct 2014 14:44:40 +0000 greenmedinfo 114891 at https://greenmedinfo.com Chemotherapy inhibited tumor growth but promoted cachexia, this was attenuated by a combination of fish oil and selenium in this animal study. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/chemotherapy-inhibited-tumor-growth-promoted-cachexia-was-attenuated-combinati PMID:  Oncotarget. 2015 Apr 10 ;6(10):7758-73. PMID: 25797259 Abstract Title:  Skeletal muscle atrophy is attenuated in tumor-bearing mice under chemotherapy by treatment with fish oil and selenium. Abstract:  Chemotherapy can cause cachexia, which is manifested by weight loss, inflammation and muscle atrophy. However, the mechanisms of tumor and chemotherapy on skeletal muscle proteolysis, remained unclear. In this report, we demonstrated that tumor-induced myostatin in turn induced TNF-α, thus activating calcium-dependent and proteasomal protein degradation. Chemotherapy activated myostatin-mediated proteolysis and muscle atrophy by elevating IL-6. In tumor-bearing mice under chemotherapy, supplementation with fish oil and selenium prevented a rise in IL-6, TNF-α and myostatin and muscle atrophy. The findings presented here allow us to better understand the molecular basis of cancer cachexia and potentiate nutrition supplementation in future cancer chemotherapy. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/chemotherapy-inhibited-tumor-growth-promoted-cachexia-was-attenuated-combinati#comments Cachexia Cachexia: Chemotherapy Induced Fish Oil Muscle Atrophy Selenium Chemotherapeutic Chemotherapy Interleukin-6 Downregulation Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor Animal Study Sat, 02 May 2015 22:13:10 +0000 greenmedinfo 117081 at https://greenmedinfo.com Chronic metabolic acidosis may be the cause of cachexia. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/chronic-metabolic-acidosis-may-be-cause-cachexia PMID:  Med Hypotheses. 2008 ;70(6):1167-73. Epub 2008 Jan 3. PMID: 18180110 Abstract Title:  Chronic metabolic acidosis may be the cause of cachexia: body fluid pH correction may be an effective therapy. Abstract:  Cachexia is a pathological state characterized by weight loss and protein mobilization during various diseases. Nutritional supplementation or appetite stimulants are unable to restore the loss of lean body mass. Agents interfering with TNF-alpha have not been very successful to date. Only eicosapentaenoic acid was able to interfere with the action of proteolysis-inducing factors. An acceleration of proteolysis and branched-chain amino acid oxidation was correlated with chronic metabolic acidosis. Therefore, we suggest here that the main cause of cachexia is the increased acidity of the body fluids, which results in a higher and non-specific proteolysis of muscle proteins. Moderate hypoxia might be close related to lactic acid production within the whole body, not only in the cancer cells. Anorexia seems to be a consequence, but a cause of cachexia: the cachectic patients are in fact well fed, unfortunately they use fatty acids from their fat and glucose via muscle proteins, amino acids, alanine, and lactic acid. Our hypothesis is consistent with the most findings reported in literature and opens new ways for cachexia prevention and therapy, such as pH correction or higher oxygenation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/chronic-metabolic-acidosis-may-be-cause-cachexia#comments Cachexia Metabolic Acidosis PH Correction Commentary Fri, 12 Sep 2014 17:37:21 +0000 greenmedinfo 114740 at https://greenmedinfo.com Curcumin and resveratrol improve muscle function and structure through attenuation of proteolytic markers in experimental cancer-induced cachexia. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-and-resveratrol-improve-muscle-function-and-structure-through-attenua n/a PMID:  Molecules. 2021 Aug 13 ;26(16). Epub 2021 Aug 13. PMID: 34443492 Abstract Title:  Curcumin and Resveratrol Improve Muscle Function and Structure through Attenuation of Proteolytic Markers in Experimental Cancer-Induced Cachexia. Abstract:  Muscle wasting and cachexia are prominent comorbidities in cancer. Treatment with polyphenolic compounds may partly revert muscle wasting. We hypothesized that treatment with curcumin or resveratrol in cancer cachectic mice may improve muscle phenotype and total body weight through attenuation of several proteolytic and signaling mechanisms in limb muscles. In gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of cancer cachectic mice (LP07 adenocarcinoma cells, N = 10/group): (1) LC-induced cachexia, (2) LC-cachexia+curcumin, and (3) LC-cachexia + resveratrol, muscle structure and damage (including blood troponin I), sirtuin-1, proteolytic markers, and signaling pathways (NF-κB and FoxO3) were explored (immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting). Compared to nontreated cachectic mice, in LC-cachexia + curcumin and LC-cachexia + resveratrol groups, body and muscle weights (gastrocnemius), limb muscle strength, muscle damage, and myofiber cross-sectional area improved, andin both muscles, sirtuin-1 increased, while proteolysis (troponin I), proteolytic markers, and signaling pathways were attenuated. Curcumin and resveratrol elicited beneficial effects on fast- and slow-twitch limb muscle phenotypes in cachectic mice through sirtuin-1 activation, attenuation of atrophy signaling pathways, and proteolysis in cancer cachectic mice. These findings have future therapeutic implications as these natural compounds, separately or in combination, may be used in clinical settings of muscle mass loss and dysfunction including cancer cachexia. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-and-resveratrol-improve-muscle-function-and-structure-through-attenua#comments Cachexia Curcumin Resveratrol Anti-Cachexic Agents Animal Study Sat, 23 Oct 2021 19:27:10 +0000 greenmedinfo 247729 at https://greenmedinfo.com