Colon Cancer: Prevention https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/68592/all en "Curcumin combined with turmerones, essential oil components of turmeric, abolishes inflammation-associated mouse colon carcinogenesis." https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-combined-turmerones-essential-oil-components-turmeric-abolishes-infla PMID:  Biofactors. 2012 Dec 11. Epub 2012 Dec 11. PMID: 23233214 Abstract Title:  Curcumin combined with turmerones, essential oil components of turmeric, abolishes inflammation-associated mouse colon carcinogenesis. Abstract:  Curcumin (CUR), a yellow pigment in turmeric, has marked potential for preventing colon cancer. We recently reported that ar-turmerone (ATM) suppressed nitric oxide (NO) generation in macrophages. In the present study, we explored the molecular mechanisms by which ATM attenuates NO generation and examined the anti-carcinogenesis activity of turmerones (TUR, a mixture of 5 sesquiterpenes including ATM). Both CUR and ATM inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of inducible forms of both nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase (iNOS and COX-2, respectively). A chase experiment using actinomycin D revealed that ATM accelerated the decay of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA, suggesting a post-transcriptional mechanism. ATM prevented LPS-induced translocation of HuR, an AU-rich element-binding protein that determines mRNA stability of certain inflammatory genes. In a colitis model, oral administration of TUR significantly suppressed 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced shortening of the large bowel by 52-58%. We also evaluated the chemopreventive effects of oral feeding of TUR, CUR, and their combinations using a model of dimethylhydradine-initiated and DSS-promoted mouse colon carcinogenesis. At the low dose, TUR markedly suppressed adenoma multiplicity by 73%, while CUR at both doses suppressed adenocarcinoma multiplicity by 63-69%. Interestingly, the combination of CUR and TUR at both low and high doses abolished tumor formation. Collectively, our results led to our hypothesis that TUR is a novel candidate for colon cancer prevention. Furthermore, we consider that its use in combination with CUR may become a powerful method for prevention of inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis.© 2012 BioFactors, 2013. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/curcumin-combined-turmerones-essential-oil-components-turmeric-abolishes-infla#comments Colon Cancer: Prevention Curcumin Turmerones Anti-Inflammatory Agents Chemopreventive Animal Study Fri, 14 Dec 2012 16:35:38 +0000 greenmedinfo 86703 at https://greenmedinfo.com A blackcurrant product regulated the microbiota of volunteers and decreased the activity of βeta glucuronidase. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/blackcurrant-product-regulated-microbiota-volunteers-and-decreased-activity-et PMID:  Phytother Res. 2014 Mar ;28(3):416-22. Epub 2013 May 15. PMID: 23674271 Abstract Title:  Evaluation of the effect of blackcurrant products on gut microbiota and on markers of risk for colon cancer in humans. Abstract:  The purpose of this study was to determine in healthy humans whether First Leaf (FL; composed of blackcurrant extract powder, lactoferrin and lutein) and Cassis Anthomix 30 (CAM30; blackcurrant extract powder) can positively modify the colonic microbiota by enhancing the growth of the beneficial bacteria and inactivating the toxic bacterial enzymes which are known to be involved in colonic carcinogenesis. Thirty healthy adult male and female volunteers were recruited for this study. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was carried out to analyse the populations of fecal microbiota. Consumption of FL and CAM30 led to significant increases (P  https://greenmedinfo.com/article/blackcurrant-product-regulated-microbiota-volunteers-and-decreased-activity-et#comments Black Currant Clostridium Infections Colon Cancer Colon Cancer: Prevention Lactoferrin Lutein Prebiotics Anticarcinogenic Agents Chemopreventive Enzyme Inhibitors Beta-glucuronidase Plant Extracts Risk Reduction Human Study Fri, 26 Sep 2014 16:47:05 +0000 greenmedinfo 114858 at https://greenmedinfo.com A cocoa-rich diet prevents azoxymethane-induced colonic preneoplastic lesions in rats by restraining oxidative stress and cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cocoa-rich-diet-prevents-azoxymethane-induced-colonic-preneoplastic-lesions-ra PMID:  Mol Nutr Food Res. 2011 Dec ;55(12):1895-9. Epub 2011 Sep 23. PMID: 21953728 Abstract Title:  Cocoa-rich diet prevents azoxymethane-induced colonic preneoplastic lesions in rats by restraining oxidative stress and cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Abstract:  Cocoa is a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential chemopreventive ability but up to date its effectiveness in animal models of colon carcinogenesis has not been addressed. Herein, we investigated the in vivo effect of a cocoa-rich diet in the prevention of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer and the mechanisms involved. Our results showed that cocoa feeding significantly reduced AOM-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci formation and crypt multiplicity. Oxidative imbalance in colon tissues seems to be prevented by cocoa as indicated by reduced oxidation markers levels and increased enzymatic and non-enzymatic endogenous defences. Cocoa-rich diet also exhibited antiproliferative effects by decreasing the levels of extracellular regulated kinases, protein kinase B and cyclin D1 together with pro-apoptotic effects evidenced by reduced Bcl-x(L) levels and increased Bax levels and caspase-3 activity. Our findings provide the first in vivo evidence that a cocoa-rich diet may inhibit the early stage of colon carcinogenesis probably by preventing oxidative stress and cell proliferation and by inducing apoptosis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/cocoa-rich-diet-prevents-azoxymethane-induced-colonic-preneoplastic-lesions-ra#comments Colon Cancer: Prevention Oxidative Stress Anticarcinogenic Agents Antiproliferative Apoptotic Chemopreventive Animal Study Fri, 06 Apr 2012 15:25:56 +0000 greenmedinfo 73976 at https://greenmedinfo.com A high vitamin D diet reduced proliferation, increased differentiation and apoptosis, and in parallel, upregulated mRNA expression of the calcium-sensing receptor in the colon of mice. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/high-vitamin-d-diet-reduced-proliferation-increased-differentiation-and-apopto PMID:  J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2015 Mar 7. Epub 2015 Mar 7. PMID: 25758239 Abstract Title:  Active vitamin D potentiates the anti-neoplastic effects of calcium in the colon: A cross talk through the calcium-sensing receptor. Abstract:  Epidemiological studies suggest an inverse correlation between dietary calcium (Ca(2+)) and vitamin D intake and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). It has been shown in vitro that the active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3) can upregulate expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). In the colon, CaSR has been suggested to regulate proliferation of colonocytes. However, during tumorigenesis colonic CaSR expression is downregulated and we hypothesized that the loss of CaSR could influence the anti-tumorigenic effects of Ca(2+) and vitamin D. Our aim was to assess the impact of CaSR expression and function on the anti-neoplastic effects of 1,25-D3 in colon cancer cell lines. We demonstrated that in the healthy colon of mice, high vitamin D diet (2500IU/kg diet) increased expression of differentiation and apoptosis markers, decreased expression of proliferation markers and significantly upregulated CaSR mRNA expression, compared with low vitamin D diet (100IU/kg diet). To determine the role of CaSR in this process, we transfected Caco2-15 and HT29 CRC cells with wild type CaSR (CaSR-WT) or a dominant negative CaSR mutant (CaSR-DN) and treated them with 1,25-D3 alone, or in combination with CaSR activators (Ca(2+) and NPS R-568). 1,25-D3 enhanced the anti-proliferative effects of Ca(2+) and induced differentiation and apoptosis only in cells with a functional CaSR, which were further enhanced in the presence of NPS R-568, a positive allosteric modulator of CaSR. The mutant CaSR inhibited the anti-tumorigenic effects of 1,25-D3 suggesting that the anti-neoplastic effects of 1,25-D3 are, at least in part, mediated by the CaSR. Taken together, our data provides molecular evidence to support the epidemiological observation that both, vitamin D and calcium are needed for protection against malignant transformation of the colon and that their effect is modulated by the presence of a functional CaSR. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled &#039;17th Vitamin D Workshop&#039;. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/high-vitamin-d-diet-reduced-proliferation-increased-differentiation-and-apopto#comments Calcium Colon Cancer Colon Cancer: Prevention Vitamin D Anticarcinogenic Agents Antineoplastic Agents Antiproliferative Apoptotic Animal Study In Vitro Study Thu, 23 Jul 2015 01:07:21 +0000 greenmedinfo 119246 at https://greenmedinfo.com A higher magnesium intake seems to be associated with a modest reduction in the risk of CRC, in particular, colon cancer. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/higher-magnesium-intake-seems-be-associated-modest-reduction-risk-crc-particul PMID:  Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012 Nov ;66(11):1182-6. Epub 2012 Oct 3. PMID: 23031849 Abstract Title:  Magnesium intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Abstract:  Epidemiologic studies have suggested that magnesium intake may be associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the findings have been inconsistent. We aimed to assess this association by conducting a meta-analysis of prospective studies. We performed a literature search on PubMed database through July 2012 to identify prospective studies of magnesium intake in relation to CRC risk. Reference lists of the retrieved articles were also reviewed. A random-effects model was used to compute the summary risk estimates. Eight prospective studies containing 338 979 participants and 8000 CRC cases met the inclusion criteria. The summary relative risk (RR) for the highest vs lowest category of magnesium intake for CRC was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.79-1.00), with little evidence of heterogeneity. Restricting the analysis to six studies that have adjusted for calciumintake yielded a similar result. For colon and rectal cancer, the pooled RR was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.70-0.93) and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.72-1.24), respectively. In the dose-response analyses, the summary RRs for an increment of magnesium intake of 50 mg/day for colorectal, colon and rectal cancer were, respectively, 0.95 (95% CI, 0.89-1.00), 0.93 (95% CI, 0.88-0.99) and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.83-1.04), and there was some evidence of heterogeneity; omitting one study that substantially contributed to the heterogeneity yielded generally similar results, but with low heterogeneity. We detected no indication of publication bias. On the basis of the findings of this meta-analysis, a higher magnesium intake seems to be associated with a modest reduction in the risk of CRC, in particular, colon cancer. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/higher-magnesium-intake-seems-be-associated-modest-reduction-risk-crc-particul#comments Colon Cancer: Prevention Colorectal Cancer: Prevention Magnesium Chemopreventive Meta Analysis Tue, 04 Dec 2012 20:52:29 +0000 greenmedinfo 86030 at https://greenmedinfo.com A probiotic cocktail modulates the gut microbiota and reduces colon cancer development by decreasing tumor incidence. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/probiotic-cocktail-modulates-gut-microbiota-and-reduces-colon-cancer-developme PMID:  Dig Dis Sci. 2016 Jul 6. Epub 2016 Jul 6. PMID: 27384052 Abstract Title:  Structural Change in Microbiota by a Probiotic Cocktail Enhances the Gut Barrier and Reduces Cancer via TLR2 Signaling in a Rat Model of Colon Cancer. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Structural change in the gut microbiota is implicated in cancer. The beneficial modulation of the microbiota composition with probiotics and prebiotics prevents diseases.AIM: We investigated the effect of oligofructose-maltodextrin-enriched Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacteria bifidum, and Bifidobacteria infantum (LBB), on the gut microbiota composition and progression of colorectal cancer.METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats were acclimatized, given ampicillin (75 mg/kg), and treated as follows; GCO: normal control; GPR: LBB only; GPC: LBB+ 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH); and GCA: DMH only (cancer control). 16S V4 Pyrosequencing for gut microbiota analysis, tumor studies, and the expression of MUC2, ZO-1, occludin, TLR2, TLR4, caspase 3, COX-2,and β-catenin were conducted at the end of experiment.RESULTS: Probiotic LBB treatment altered the gut microbiota. The relative abundance of genera Pseudomonas, Congregibacter, Clostridium, Candidactus spp., Phaeobacter, Escherichia, Helicobacter, and HTCC was decreased (P  https://greenmedinfo.com/article/probiotic-cocktail-modulates-gut-microbiota-and-reduces-colon-cancer-developme#comments Colon Cancer: Prevention Probiotics Anti-Inflammatory Agents Anticarcinogenic Agents Chemopreventive Microbiota Animal Study Thu, 14 Jul 2016 00:09:55 +0000 greenmedinfo 130119 at https://greenmedinfo.com Aged black garlic extract inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis in HT29 cells through the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway https://greenmedinfo.com/article/aged-black-garlic-extract-inhibited-growth-and-induced-apoptosis-ht29-cells-th PMID:  Biomed Rep. 2014 Mar ;2(2):250-254. Epub 2014 Jan 20. PMID: 24649105 Abstract Title:  Aged black garlic extract inhibits HT29 colon cancer cell growth via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Abstract:  Accumulating evidence indicates that aged black garlic extract (ABGE) may prove beneficial in preventing or inhibiting oncogenesis; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of ABGE on the proliferation and apoptosis of HT29 colon cancer cells. Our results demonstrated that ABGE inhibited HT29 cell growth via the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. We further investigated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signal transduction pathway and the molecular mechanisms underlying the ABGE-induced inhibition of HT29 cell proliferation. We observed that ABGE may regulate the function of the PI3K/Akt pathway through upregulating PTEN and downregulating Akt and p-Akt expression, as well as suppressing its downstream target, 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1, at the mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway is crucial for the development of colon cancer. ABGE inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis in HT29 cells through the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that ABGE may be effective in the prevention and treatment of colon cancer in humans. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/aged-black-garlic-extract-inhibited-growth-and-induced-apoptosis-ht29-cells-th#comments Colon Cancer Colon Cancer: Prevention Garlic: Aged Antiproliferative Apoptotic Chemopreventive Chemotherapeutic In Vitro Study Sat, 25 Jul 2015 02:16:32 +0000 greenmedinfo 119367 at https://greenmedinfo.com Aged garlic extract suppressed the proliferative activity in adenoma and adenocarcinoma lesions, but showed no effect on normal colon mucosa. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/aged-garlic-extract-suppressed-proliferative-activity-adenoma-and-adenocarcino PMID:  Oncol Rep. 2015 Mar ;33(3):1131-40. Epub 2014 Dec 30. PMID: 25573280 Abstract Title:  Aged garlic extract inhibits 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumor development by suppressing cell proliferation. Abstract:  Garlic and its constituents are reported to have a preventive effect against colorectal cancer in animal models. Aged garlic extract (AGE), which is produced by natural extraction from fresh garlic for more than 10 months in aqueous ethanol, also has reputed chemopreventive effects on colon carcinogenesis, but has never been studied for its effects on colon cancer development. We investigated the antitumor effects of AGE in rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced carcinogenesis, and the mechanism of AGE in human colon cancer cell proliferation. F344 rats randomly divided into three groups were administered DMH (20 mg/kg weight) subcutaneously once a week for 8 weeks in a basal diet. After the last injection, one group of rats was then moved onto a basal diet containing 3% wt/wt AGE, and rats were sacrificed at 8 or 31 weeks. The number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), histological type of tumor and proliferative activity of the tumor lesions were analyzed by macroscopic, pathological and immunohistochemical methods. DLD-1 human colon cancer cells were utilized to investigate the effect of AGE on anti-cell proliferation. AGE decreased the number of ACF but had no effect on gross tumor pathology. AGE showed a lower number of adenoma and adenocarcinoma lesions by histological analysis. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that AGE suppressed the proliferative activity in adenoma and adenocarcinoma lesions, but showed no effect on normal colon mucosa. Moreover, we demonstrated that AGE delayed cell cycle progression by downregulating cyclin B1 and cdk1 expression via inactivation of NF-κB in the human colorectal cancer cells but did not induce apoptosis. These findings suggest that AGE has an antitumor effect through suppression of cell proliferation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/aged-garlic-extract-suppressed-proliferative-activity-adenoma-and-adenocarcino#comments Colon Cancer Colon Cancer: Prevention Garlic: Aged Anticarcinogenic Agents Antiproliferative Chemopreventive NF-kappaB Inhibitor Selective Antiproliferation Animal Study Sat, 25 Jul 2015 00:58:11 +0000 greenmedinfo 119359 at https://greenmedinfo.com American ginseng exerts the chemopreventive effects by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/american-ginseng-exerts-chemopreventive-effects-anti-inflammatory-and-antioxid PMID:  J Proteome Res. 2015 Aug 7 ;14(8):3336-47. Epub 2015 Jul 10. PMID: 26136108 Abstract Title:  Metabonomic Profiling Reveals Cancer Chemopreventive Effects of American Ginseng on Colon Carcinogenesis in Apc(Min/+) Mice. Abstract:  American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is one of the most commonly used herbal medicines in the West. It has been reported to possess significant antitumor effects that inhibit the process of carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying its anticancer effects remain largely unresolved. In this study, we investigated the cancer chemopreventive effects of American ginseng on the progression of high fat (HF) diet-enhanced colorectal carcinogenesis with a genetically engineered Apc(Min/+) mouse model. The metabolic alterations in sera of experimental mice perturbed by HF diet intervention as well as the American ginseng treatment were measured by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) and liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOFMS) analysis. American ginseng treatment significantly extended the life span of the Apc(Min/+) mouse. Significant alterations of metabolites involving amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates were observed in Apc(Min/+) mouse in sera, which were attenuated by American ginseng treatment and concurrent with the histopathological improvement with significantly reduced tumor initiation, progression and gut inflammation. These metabolic changes suggest that the preventive effect of American ginseng is associated with attenuation of impaired amino acid, carbohydrates, and lipid metabolism. It also appears that American ginseng induced significant metabolic alterations independent of the Apc(Min/+) induced metabolic changes. The significantly altered metabolites induced by American ginseng intervention include arachidonic acid, linolelaidic acid, glutamate, docosahexaenoate, tryptophan, and fructose, all of which are associated with inflammation and oxidation. This suggests that American ginseng exerts the chemopreventive effects by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/american-ginseng-exerts-chemopreventive-effects-anti-inflammatory-and-antioxid#comments Colon Cancer Colon Cancer: Prevention Ginseng (American) Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antioxidants Chemopreventive Animal Study Sun, 17 Apr 2016 20:51:10 +0000 greenmedinfo 126141 at https://greenmedinfo.com An açai polyphenolic extract had antiinflammatory and cytotoxic activities in colon cancer cells and can be effective as natural colon cancer chemopreventive agent. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ai-polyphenolic-extract-had-antiinflammatory-and-cytotoxic-activities-colon-ca PMID:  Nutr Cancer. 2014 ;66(8):1394-405. Epub 2014 Oct 20. PMID: 25329001 Abstract Title:  Pro-apoptotic activities of polyphenolics from açai (Euterpe oleracea Martius) in human SW-480 colon cancer cells. Abstract:  This study aimed to evaluate the cell growth inhibition activity of açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) polyphenolic extract against colon cancer HT-29 and SW-480 cells and the nonmalignant CCD-18Co colon fibroblast cells. Results showed that açai polyphenolic extract (5-20 mg/L) inhibited preferentially the growth of SW-480 cells with no toxicity in CCD-18Co cells, andthis was accompanied by reduction of H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The mechanisms involved in SW-480 cell growth-inhibition by açai polyphenolic extract included the downregulation of NF-κB proinflammatory transcription factor and the nuclear factor-kappa B targets intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Furthermore, prooncogenic specificity proteins (Sp) were downregulated as well as Sp-targets Bcl-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and survivin. This was accompanied by activation of mitochondrial proapoptotic pathway involving increase of cytochrome c, cleavage of caspase-3, and decrease of PARP-1. Results strongly suggest that açai polyphenolic extract has antiinflammatory and cytotoxic activities in colon cancer cells and can be effective as natural colon cancer chemopreventive agents. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/ai-polyphenolic-extract-had-antiinflammatory-and-cytotoxic-activities-colon-ca#comments Acai Colon Cancer Colon Cancer: Prevention Polyphenols Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antiproliferative Apoptotic Chemopreventive NF-kappaB Inhibitor Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Inhibitor Plant Extracts In Vitro Study Fri, 07 Aug 2015 02:15:42 +0000 greenmedinfo 119647 at https://greenmedinfo.com Anthocyanin containing purple fleshed potatoes suppressed colon tumorigenesis via elimination of colon cancer stem cells. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/anthocyanin-containing-purple-fleshed-potatoes-suppressed-colon-tumorigenesis- PMID:  J Nutr Biochem. 2015 Aug 14. Epub 2015 Aug 14. PMID: 26383537 Abstract Title:  Anthocyanin-containing purple-fleshed potatoes suppress colon tumorigenesis via elimination of colon cancer stem cells. Abstract:  Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are shown to be responsible for initiation and progression of tumors in a variety of cancers. We previously showed that anthocyanin-containing baked purple-fleshed potato (PP) extracts (PA) suppressed early and advanced human colon cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, but their effect on colon CSCs is not known. Considering the evidence of bioactive compounds, such as anthocyanins, against cancers, there is a critical need to study anticancer activity of PP, a global food crop, against colon CSCs. Thus, isolated colon CSCs (positive for CD44, CD133 and ALDH1b1 markers) with functioning p53 and shRNA-attenuated p53 were treated with PA at 5.0μg/ml. Effects of baked PP (20% wt/wt) against colon CSCs were also tested in vivo in mice with azoxymethane-induced colon tumorigenesis. Effects of PA/PP were compared to positive control sulindac. In vitro, PA suppressed proliferation and elevated apoptosis in a p53-independent manner in colon CSCs. PA, but not sulindac, suppressed levels of Wnt pathway effector β-catenin (a critical regulator of CSC proliferation) and its downstream proteins (c-Myc and cyclin D1) and elevated Bax and cytochrome c, proteins-mediating mitochondrial apoptosis. In vivo, PP reduced the number of crypts containing cells with nuclear β-catenin (an indicator of colon CSCs) via induction of apoptosis and suppressed tumor incidence similar to that of sulindac. Combined, our data suggest that PP may contribute to reduced colon CSCs number and tumor incidence in vivo via suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signalingand elevation of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/anthocyanin-containing-purple-fleshed-potatoes-suppressed-colon-tumorigenesis-#comments Anthocyanins Colon Cancer Colon Cancer: Prevention Potato: Pigmented Anticarcinogenic Agents Antiproliferative Apoptotic Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Wnt/β-catenin pathway down-regulation Cancer Stem Cells Natural Substances Versus Drugs Plant Extracts Animal Study In Vitro Study Thu, 15 Oct 2015 23:15:59 +0000 greenmedinfo 121128 at https://greenmedinfo.com Apple polysaccharide extracts could be used in combination therapy for the prevention of colitis-associated colon cancer. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/apple-polysaccharide-extracts-could-be-used-combination-therapy-prevention-col PMID:  Nutr Cancer. 2015 ;67(1):177-90. Epub 2014 Nov 20. PMID: 25412264 Abstract Title:  Apple polysaccharide reduces NF-Kb mediated colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis. Abstract:  Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is an important molecule in mediating inflammatory colitis, which can lead to colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemopreventive efficacy of apple polysaccharide extract (AP) in inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation pathways in CRC. We evaluated AP in vitro inHT-29 and SW620 human CRC cells. We also used the azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulphate (AOM/DSS) model to induce colon carcinogenesis in vivo. The chemoprotective effects of AP were assessed using Western blot, immunofluorescence assay, real-time PCR, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and flow cytometry. AP reduced AOM/DSS-associated toxicities, prevented carcinogenesis, and decreased the expression of TLR4, MD2, MyD88, TRAM, TRIF-related adapter molecule, interferon-β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. The protective effects of AP may be related to the inhibition of TLR4/MD2-mediated signaling, including MyD88 and TRIF, as well as the inhibition of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways. Therefore, AP could be used in combination therapy for the prevention of colitis-associated colon cancer. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/apple-polysaccharide-extracts-could-be-used-combination-therapy-prevention-col#comments Apples Colitis Colon Cancer Colon Cancer: Prevention Anti-Inflammatory Agents Anticarcinogenic Agents NF-kappaB Inhibitor Plant Extracts Animal Study Sat, 05 Sep 2015 00:31:30 +0000 greenmedinfo 120246 at https://greenmedinfo.com Berberine attenuates intestinal tumorigenesis by inhibiting the migration and invasion of colorectal tumor cells. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/berberine-attenuates-intestinal-tumorigenesis-inhibiting-migration-and-invasio PMID:  Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016 ;2016:5137505. Epub 2016 Jul 17. PMID: 27493671 Abstract Title:  Berberine Inhibits Intestinal Polyps Growth in Apc (min/+) Mice via Regulation of Macrophage Polarization. Abstract:  Antitumor effect of berberine has been reported in a wide spectrum of cancer, however, the mechanisms of which are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that berberine suppresses tumorigenesis in the familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) by regulating the macrophage polarization in Apc (min/+) mouse model. Berberine was given to Apc (min/+) mice for 12 weeks. Primary macrophages were isolated; after berberine treatment, the change in signaling cascade was determined. The total number and size of polyps were reduced remarkably in berberine group, compared with control group. A significant decrease in protein levels of F4/80, mannose receptor (MR), and COX-2 in stroma of intestinal polyps and an increase in the level of iNOS were observed after berberine treatment. The mRNA level of MR and Arg-1 in berberine group was significantly lower than those in IL-10 or IL-4 group, while no significant difference in mRNA levels of iNOS and CXCL10 was observed. The migration and invasiveness assays in vitro showed that berberine could reduce the capability of migration and invasiveness. These findings suggest that berberine attenuates intestinal tumorigenesis by inhibiting the migration and invasion of colorectal tumor cells via regulation of macrophage polarization. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/berberine-attenuates-intestinal-tumorigenesis-inhibiting-migration-and-invasio#comments Berberine Colon Cancer: Prevention Gastric Polyposis Intestinal Polyps Anticarcinogenic Agents Chemopreventive Animal Study Tue, 23 Aug 2016 20:23:25 +0000 greenmedinfo 133725 at https://greenmedinfo.com Bilberry and chokeberry diets demonstrated a protective role in colon carcinogenesis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/bilberry-and-chokeberry-diets-demonstrated-protective-role-colon-carcinogenesi PMID:  Rev Iberoam Micol. 2007 Dec 31;24(4):309-11. PMID: 16800776 Abstract Title:  Anthocyanin-rich extracts inhibit multiple biomarkers of colon cancer in rats. Abstract:  Full Citation: &quot;The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemoprotective activity of anthocyanin-rich extracts (AREs) from bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), chokeberry (Aronia meloncarpa E.), and grape (Vitis vinifera) by assessing multiple biomarkers of colon cancer in male rats treated with a colon carcinogen, azoxymethane. Fischer 344 male rats were fed the AIN-93 diet (control) or AIN-93 diet supplemented with AREs for 14 wk. Biomarkers that were evaluated included the number and multiplicity of colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF), colonic cell proliferation, urinary levels of oxidative DNA damage, and expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) genes. To assess the bioavailability, levels of anthocyanins in serum, urine, and feces were evaluated. Total ACF were reduced (P&lt;0.05) in bilberry, chokeberry, and grape diet groups compared with the control group. The number of large ACF was also reduced (P&lt;0.05) in bilberry and chokeberry ARE-fed rats. Colonic cellular proliferation was decreased in rats fed bilberry ARE and chokeberry ARE diets. Rats fed bilberry and grape ARE diets had lower COX-2 mRNA expression of gene. High levels of fecal anthocyanins and increased fecal mass and fecal moisture occurred in ARE-fed rats. There was also a significant reduction (P&lt;0.05) in fecal bile acids in ARE-fed rats. The levels of urinary 8-hydroxyguanosine were similar among rats fed different diets. These results support our previous in vitro studies suggesting a protective role of AREs in colon carcinogenesis and indicate multiple mechanisms of action.&quot; https://greenmedinfo.com/article/bilberry-and-chokeberry-diets-demonstrated-protective-role-colon-carcinogenesi#comments Bilberry Chokeberry Colon Cancer: Prevention Anticarcinogenic Agents Animal Study Mon, 20 Apr 2009 06:06:41 +0000 greenmedinfo 40966 at https://greenmedinfo.com Boswellia serrate extract has great potential to suppress colon tumorigenesis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/boswellia-serrate-extract-has-great-potential-suppress-colon-tumorigenesis PMID:  Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017 Feb 28. Epub 2017 Feb 28. PMID: 28245338 Abstract Title:  Boswellia serrata resin extract alleviates azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon tumorigenesis. Abstract:  SCOPE: Boswellia serrata (BS) resin is a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment. In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract and its impact of gut microbiota on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer in mice.METHODS AND RESULTS: Male ICR mice were injected with AOM and 2% DSS via drinking water. The mice were fed with 0.25 or 0.5% BS extract, and colonic tissue were collected at 15 weeks. The main effective components of BS supercritical CO2 extraction were analyzed by LC-MS/MS are boswellic acids. We found that treatment with BS extract significantly reduce the colonic tumor formation. Western blot and histological analysis revealed that dietary BS extract could markedly reduce the inflammation associated protein levels expression. Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. In addition, BS extract also altered the composition of gut microbiota by enhancing the proportion of Clostridiales and reducing the percentage of Bacteroidales.CONCLUSION: In summary, BS extract decreased the protein levels of inflammative enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colonic mucosa. It also mediated Akt/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling pathway and altered the composition of gut microbiota to alleviate tumor growth. Taken together, this study suggests that BS extract has great potential to suppress colon tumorigenesis. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/boswellia-serrate-extract-has-great-potential-suppress-colon-tumorigenesis" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/boswellia-serrate-extract-has-great-potential-suppress-colon-tumorigenesis#comments Colon Cancer Colon Cancer: Prevention Frankincense Anti-Inflammatory Agents Anticarcinogenic Agents Chemopreventive Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors Animal Study Thu, 29 Jun 2017 21:08:08 +0000 greenmedinfo 149774 at https://greenmedinfo.com