Abnormalities https://greenmedinfo.com/taxonomy/term/71309/all en High dietary intake of preformed vitamin A appears to be teratogenic. Among the babies born to women who took more than 10,000 IU of preformed vitamin A per day in the form of supplements, we estimate that about 1 infant in 57 had a malformation attributa https://greenmedinfo.com/article/high-dietary-intake-preformed-vitamin-appears-be-teratogenic-among-babies-born PMID:  N Engl J Med. 1995 Nov 23 ;333(21):1369-73. PMID: 7477116 Abstract Title:  Teratogenicity of high vitamin A intake. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Studies in animals indicate that natural forms of vitamin A are teratogenic. Synthetic retinoids chemically similar to vitamin A cause birth defects in humans; as in animals, the defects appear to affect tissues derived from the cranial neural crest. METHODS: Between October 1984 and June 1987, we identified 22,748 pregnant women when they underwent screening either by measurement of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein or by amniocentesis. Nurse interviewers obtained information on the women's diet, medications, and illnesses during the first trimester of pregnancy, as well as information on their family and medical history and exposure to environmental agents. We obtained information on the outcomes of pregnancy from the obstetricians who delivered the babies or from the women themselves. Of the 22,748 women, 339 had babies with birth defects; 121 of these babies had defects occurring in sites that originated in the cranial neural crest. RESULTS: For defects associated with cranial-neural-crest tissue, the ratio of the prevalence among the babies born to women who consumed more than 15,000 IU of preformed vitamin A per day from food and supplements to the prevalence among the babies whose mothers consumed 5000 IU or less per day was 3.5 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.7 to 7.3). For vitamin A from supplements alone, the ratio of the prevalence among the babies born to women who consumed more than 10,000 IU per day to that among the babies whose mothers consumed 5000 IU or less per day was 4.8 (95 percent confidence interval, 2.2 to 10.5). Using a smoothed regression curve, we found an apparent threshold near 10,000 IU per day of supplemental vitamin A. The increased frequency of defects was concentrated among the babies born to women who had consumed high levels of vitamin A before the seventh week of gestation. CONCLUSIONS: High dietary intake of preformed vitamin A appears to be teratogenic. Among the babies born to women who took more than 10,000 IU of preformed vitamin A per day in the form of supplements, we estimate that about 1 infant in 57 had a malformation attributable to the supplement. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/high-dietary-intake-preformed-vitamin-appears-be-teratogenic-among-babies-born#comments Abnormalities Birth Defects Drug-Induced Prenatal Nutrition: Prevention of Problems Vitamin A Retinyl palmitate Teratogenic Human Study Tue, 03 Apr 2012 21:06:00 +0000 greenmedinfo 73904 at https://greenmedinfo.com Pesticides and human chronic diseases: evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/pesticides-and-human-chronic-diseases-evidences-mechanisms-and-perspectives PMID:  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Apr 15 ;268(2):157-77. Epub 2013 Feb 9. PMID: 23402800 Abstract Title:  Pesticides and human chronic diseases: evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives. Abstract:  Along with the wide use of pesticides in the world, the concerns over their health impacts are rapidly growing. There is a huge body of evidence on the relation between exposure to pesticides and elevated rate of chronic diseases such as different types of cancers, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson, Alzheimer, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), birth defects, and reproductive disorders. There is also circumstantial evidence on the association of exposure to pesticides with some other chronic diseases like respiratory problems, particularly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, chronic nephropathies, autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematous and rheumatoid arthritis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and aging. The common feature of chronic disorders is a disturbance in cellular homeostasis, which can be induced via pesticides' primary action like perturbation of ion channels, enzymes, receptors, etc., or can as well be mediated via pathways other than the main mechanism. In this review, we present the highlighted evidence on the association of pesticide's exposure with the incidence of chronic diseases and introduce genetic damages, epigenetic modifications, endocrine disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response (UPR), impairment of ubiquitin proteasome system, and defective autophagy as the effective mechanisms of action. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/pesticides-and-human-chronic-diseases-evidences-mechanisms-and-perspectives#comments Abnormalities Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Drug-Induced Oxidative Stress Pesticides Epigenetic Modification Review Thu, 30 May 2013 15:01:11 +0000 greenmedinfo 99558 at https://greenmedinfo.com