Myocardial Infarction https://greenmedinfo.com/category/keywords/Myocardial%20Infarction en Allicin improves cardiac function by protecting against apoptosis in rat model of myocardial infarction. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/allicin-improves-cardiac-function-protecting-against-apoptosis-rat-model-myoca n/a PMID:  Chin J Integr Med. 2017 Aug ;23(8):589-597. Epub 2016 Jul 13. PMID: 27412589 Abstract Title:  Allicin improves cardiac function by protecting against apoptosis in rat model of myocardial infarction. Abstract:  OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of allicin on cardiac function and underlying mechanism in rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: Ninety-four Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=14-16 per group): sham control group [underwent thoracotomy without left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion and only received an injection of the same amount of citrate buffer], MI control group (subjected to LAD occlusion and only received an injection of same amount of citrate buffer), positive control group (subjected to LAD occlusion and received an injection of diltiazem hydrochloride at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg), and MI + allicin groups (subjected to LAD occlusion and received an injection of allicin at the doses of 1.2, 1.8, and 3.6 mg/kg). All of the drugs were administered intraperitoneally daily for 21 days. The infarct area was measured by myocardial staining. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes. Cardiac function parameters were assessed by echocardiography. The myocardial apoptotic index was estimated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining. The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. RESULTS: Treatment with allicin could attenuate the myocardial infarct area (P&lt;0.05) and relieve the changes of the myocardium. The left ventricular anterior wall diastolic and systolic thicknesses were increased in the allicin-treated groups (P&lt;0.05), while there was no signifificant difference in the left ventricular posterior wall diastolic and systolic thickness (P&gt;0.05). The left ventricular internal diameter in systole, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and stroke volume were dramatically elevated in allicin-treated rats (P&lt;0.05). Allicin dose-dependently reduced creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels (P&lt;0.05). The myocardial apoptotic index was also markedly lowered, and Bax expression was signifificantly decreased, whereas Bcl-2 expression exhibited an opposite trend in allicin-treated rats (P&lt;0.05). CONCLUSION: Allicin appears to exert a cardioprotective effect that may be linked to blocking Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway-denpendent apoptosis, further improving cardiac function. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/allicin-improves-cardiac-function-protecting-against-apoptosis-rat-model-myoca#comments Allicin Myocardial Infarction Anti-Apoptotic Cardioprotective Allicin Anti-Apoptotic Cardioprotective Myocardial Infarction Animal Study Thu, 07 Sep 2017 23:10:09 +0000 greenmedinfo 152928 at https://greenmedinfo.com Arctigenin exerts protective effects against myocardial infarction. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/arctigenin-exerts-protective-effects-against-myocardial-infarction n/a PMID:  Mol Med Rep. 2018 Mar ;17(3):4839-4845. Epub 2018 Jan 10. PMID: 29328478 Abstract Title:  Arctigenin exerts protective effects against myocardial infarction via regulation of iNOS, COX‑2, ERK1/2 and HO‑1 in rats. Abstract:  The present study aimed to determine the protective effects of arctigenin against myocardial infarction (MI), and its effects on oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. Left anterior coronary arteries of Sprague‑Dawley rats were ligated, in order to generate an acute MI (AMI) model. Arctigenin was administered to AMI rats at 0, 50, 100 or 200 µmol/kg. Western blotting and ELISAs were performed to analyze protein expression and enzyme activity. Arctigenin was demonstrated to effectively inhibit the levels of alanine transaminase, creatine kinase‑MB and lactate dehydrogenase, and to reduce infarct size in AMI rats. In addition, the activity levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin (IL)‑1β and IL‑6 were significantly suppressed, and the levels of glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly increased by arctigenin treatment. Arctigenin treatment also suppressed the protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‑2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO‑1), and increased the protein expression levels of phosphorylated‑extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 (p‑ERK1/2) in AMI rats. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that arctigenin may inhibit MI, and exhibits antioxidative and anti‑inflammatory effects through regulation of the iNOS, COX‑2, ERK1/2 and HO‑1 pathways in a rat model of AMI. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/arctigenin-exerts-protective-effects-against-myocardial-infarction#comments Arctigenin Myocardial Infarction Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antioxidants Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors Heme oxygenase-1 up-regulation Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antioxidants Arctigenin Myocardial Infarction Animal Study Sat, 24 Feb 2018 09:49:16 +0000 greenmedinfo 160427 at https://greenmedinfo.com Crocetin act as a possible protective agent in myocardial infarction by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/crocetin-act-possible-protective-agent-myocardial-infarction-decreasing-oxidat n/a PMID:  Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Jun 23 ;93:376-382. Epub 2017 Jun 23. PMID: 28651239 Abstract Title:  Cardiaprotective effect of crocetin by attenuating apoptosis in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction rat model. Abstract:  Given study evaluates the cardioprotective effect of crocetin in myocardial infracted (MI) rats. MI was produced by administering isoproterenol (90mg/kg/day, i.p.) in rats for two consecutive days. all the animals were divided in to four groups such as control group receives only saline; MI group which receives only isoproterenol and crocetin treated group which receives crocetin (50, 100 and 200mg/kg/day, p.o.) for the duration of 15 days. At the end of dosing left ventricular functions was assessed to estimate its effect on cardiac functions. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), creatine kinase (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and inflammatory cytokines were determined in the cardiac tissue homogenate. Histopathology study was also carried out using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry was done for the estimation of Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax and Nrf-2 level in the myocardial tissues of MI rats. Result of the study suggested that GSH, CAT, CK-MB, and LDH were (p&lt;0.01) increased in the tissue homogenate of crocetin treated group than MI group. However crocetin significantly (p&lt;0.01) decreases the level of MDA and activity of SOD in the tissue homogenate than MI group. It was observed that treatment with crocetin attenuates the level of inflammatory cytokines in the myocardial tissues of MI rats. Moreover level of caspase-3, Bax and Nrf-2 significantly reduced and Bcl-2 enhanced in the myocardial tissues of MI rats than MI group. The altered cellular architecture of heart tissue sections in the myocardial infracted rats were reversed by administration of crocetin treatment. Taking all these data together, it may be suggested that the crocetin act as a possible protective agent in myocardial infarction by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines and thereby attenuates the apoptosis of myocardial cells. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/crocetin-act-possible-protective-agent-myocardial-infarction-decreasing-oxidat#comments Crocetin Myocardial Infarction Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antioxidants Cardioprotective Isoproterenol Malondialdehyde Down-regulation Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antioxidants Cardioprotective Crocetin Malondialdehyde Down-regulation Myocardial Infarction Animal Study Fri, 14 Jul 2017 01:30:35 +0000 greenmedinfo 150417 at https://greenmedinfo.com Geum joponicum extracts may provide a novel therapeutic method for effective treatment of chronic coronary heart disease. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/geum-joponicum-extracts-may-provide-novel-therapeutic-method-effective-treatme n/a PMID:  Sci Rep. 2014 Feb 4 ;4:3962. Epub 2014 Feb 4. PMID: 24492623 Abstract Title:  Reconstitution of coronary vasculature by an active fraction of Geum japonicum in ischemic hearts. Abstract:  Chronic coronary heart disease (cCHD) is characterized by atherosclerosis, which progressively narrows the coronary artery lumen and impairs myocardial blood flow. Restoration of occluded coronary vessels with newly formed collaterals remains an ideal therapeutic approach due to the need for redirecting blood flow into the ischemic heart. In this study, we investigated the effect of an active fraction isolated from Geum joponicum (AFGJ) on angiogenesis in cCHD hearts. Our results demonstrated that AFGJ not only enhanced capillary tube formation of endothelial cells, but also promoted the growth of new coronary collaterals (at the diameter 0.021-0.21 mm) in the ischemic region of hearts in rat cCHD model. Our study also indicated that the growth of new collaterals in ischemic hearts resulted in improved functional recovery of the cCHD hearts as demonstrated by ECG and echocardiography analyses. These data suggest that AFGJ may provide a noveltherapeutic method for effective treatment of cCHD. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/geum-joponicum-extracts-may-provide-novel-therapeutic-method-effective-treatme#comments Atherosclerosis Coronary Artery Disease Geum japonicum Myocardial Infarction Cardioprotective Atherosclerosis Cardioprotective Coronary Artery Disease Geum japonicum Myocardial Infarction Myocardial Regeneration Plant Extracts Animal Study Tue, 08 Aug 2017 16:21:44 +0000 greenmedinfo 151309 at https://greenmedinfo.com Myocardial regeneration and repair of infarcted heart by a new composition isolated from Geum japonicum https://greenmedinfo.com/article/myocardial-regeneration-and-repair-infarcted-heart-new-composition-isolated-ge n/a PMID:  Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi. 2011 May ;39(5):414-9. PMID: 21781595 Abstract Title:  [Myocardial regeneration and repair of infarcted heart by a new composition isolated from Geum japonicum]. Abstract:  OBJECTIVES: To isolate the cardiogenic fraction, which can enhance cardiogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from Geum japonicum. The therapeutic effect of the isolated cardiogenic fraction was further tested in a rat myocardial infarction (MI) model. METHOD: Bioassay guided fractionation method was used for the isolation of the cardiogenic fraction, named as heart repair fraction (HRF). MI was induced by a permanent ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. The rats exhibiting similarly decreased values of left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and fraction shortening (LVFS) were used. The rats in test group (n = 10) were subject to HRF treatment (20 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)) through gastric gavage daily for 4 weeks. Water alone (2 ml/d) was given through gastric gavage to rats in the control group (n = 10). The cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography at different time points. Masson trichrome staining was used for evaluation of the infarct size. Morphological and immunohistochemical studies were performed to investigate the HRF mediated myocardial regeneration. RESULTS: LVEF (66.2%± 6.9%) and LVFS (46.8% ± 5.8%) were significantly increased two weeks post HRF treatment compared with the values (LVEF: 55.7% ± 6.0% and LVFS: 36.4% ± 5.2%) in control rats (all P&lt;0.01). The improved heart function was further restored 4 weeks post HRF treatment (P&lt;0.01). Furthermore, the treatment of acute MI with this HRF significantly reduced the infarct size (19.0%± 6.1%) compared with that (31.1% ± 8.6%) in control rats (P&lt;0.01). Substantial regeneration of cardiomyocytes in infarcted region of the HRF treated heart was also observed that replaced a considerable part of the infarcted heart tissues resulting in remarkable reduction of the infarct size. CONCLUSION: The properties of this HRF isolated from Geum japonicum in stimulating substantial regeneration of myocardium in infarct region with consequently improved cardiac function appear to be new and represent a new approach for the treatment of MI. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/myocardial-regeneration-and-repair-infarcted-heart-new-composition-isolated-ge#comments Geum japonicum Myocardial Infarction Cardioprotective Cardioprotective Geum japonicum Myocardial Infarction Myocardial Regeneration Animal Study Tue, 08 Aug 2017 16:36:22 +0000 greenmedinfo 151312 at https://greenmedinfo.com The Problem with Painkillers https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/problem-painkillers <p class="rtecenter"><img alt="The Problem with Painkillers" src="//cdn.greenmedinfo.com/sites/default/files/ckeditor/lrossi/images/painkiller_problem_greenmedinfo.jpg" style="width: 650px; height: 433px;" title="The Problem with Painkillers" /></p> <p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><em><strong>Use of over-the-counter painkillers is staggeringly common. At least 175 million adults in the United States take OTC painkillers. That makes evaluating their effectiveness and safety crucial. But, it has been a very bad few years in painkiller research. Important recent studies have cast serious doubt on their effectiveness and their safety</strong></em></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><strong>Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs&nbsp;</strong></span></span></p><p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/problem-painkillers" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/problem-painkillers#comments ADHD Heart Disease Myocardial Infarction Osteoarthritis Acetaminophen Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Tylenol Acetaminophen ADHD Heart Disease Myocardial Infarction Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) osteoarthritis The Problem with Painkillers Tylenol Thu, 16 Feb 2017 19:11:52 +0000 Linda Woolven and Ted Snider 143646 at https://greenmedinfo.com The results show that oleuropein attenuates the progression of heart failure. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/results-show-oleuropein-attenuates-progression-heart-failure n/a PMID:  Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2017 Mar ;390(3):245-252. Epub 2016 Dec 8. PMID: 27928616 Abstract Title:  Oleuropein attenuates the progression of heart failure in rats by antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects. Abstract:  Much of the beneficial effects of olive products have been attributed to oleuropein. This study examined the effects of oleuropein in rats with heart failure induced by permanent ligation of left coronary arteries. Twenty-four hours after the operation, the rats were assigned to five groups including a sham assigned to receive vehicle (1 ml/day) and four coronary ligated groups assigned to receive vehicle or oleuropein at 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg/day. Five weeks later, echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters, serum concentrations of oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers were determined. Myocardial infarction group receiving vehicle showed impaired hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters as evidenced by decreased left ventricular systolic pressure, rate of rise and decrease of left ventricular pressure, stroke volume, ejection fraction, and cardiac output. In addition, significant reduction in superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase was observed. Oleuropein treatment prevented the reduction of these variables. Moreover, the group had a significantly higher infarct size and serum malondialdehyde, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α than those of the sham group. Treatment with oleuropein prevented the increase of these variables. The results show that oleuropein attenuates the progression of heart failure, possibly by antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/results-show-oleuropein-attenuates-progression-heart-failure#comments Heart Failure Myocardial Infarction Oleuropein Oxidative Stress Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antioxidants Interleukin-1 beta downregulation Malondialdehyde Down-regulation Superoxide Dismutase Up-regulation Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antioxidants Heart Failure Myocardial Infarction Oleuropein oxidative stress Animal Study Tue, 11 Jul 2017 17:24:38 +0000 greenmedinfo 150281 at https://greenmedinfo.com