Brevetoxin

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View the Evidence: Problem Substances

Aerosolized Florida red tide toxins (brevetoxins) worsen the condition of asthmatic persons.

Pubmed Data : Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May ;113(5):650-7. PMID: 15866779
Article Published Date : May 01, 2005
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Asthma : CK(918) : AC(134), Red Tide Associated Toxicity : CK(70) : AC(16)
Problem Substances : Brevetoxin : CK(38) : AC(13), Red tide : CK(69) : AC(16)

Occupational exposure to aerosolized brevetoxins during Florida red tide events among healthy lifeguards results in an increase in upper respiratory symptoms.

Pubmed Data : Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May ;113(5):644-9. PMID: 15866778
Article Published Date : May 01, 2005
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Red Tide Associated Toxicity : CK(70) : AC(16), Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms : CK(10) : AC(1)
Problem Substances : Brevetoxin : CK(38) : AC(13), Red tide : CK(69) : AC(16)

"Repeated exposure to aerosolized brevetoxin-3 induces prolonged airway hyperresponsiveness and lung inflammation in sheep."

Pubmed Data : Inhal Toxicol. 2011 Mar ;23(4):205-11. PMID: 21456953
Article Published Date : Mar 01, 2011
Study Type : Animal Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Allergic Airway Diseases : CK(41) : AC(17), Asthma : CK(918) : AC(134), Red Tide Associated Toxicity : CK(70) : AC(16)
Problem Substances : Brevetoxin : CK(38) : AC(13)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Inflammatory : CK(150) : AC(37)

Brevetoxin exhibits neurotoxic properties.

Pubmed Data : Inhal Toxicol. 2006 Dec ;18(14):1109-16. PMID: 17043031
Article Published Date : Dec 01, 2006
Study Type : Animal Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Red Tide Associated Toxicity : CK(70) : AC(16)
Problem Substances : Brevetoxin : CK(38) : AC(13), Red tide : CK(69) : AC(16)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Neurotoxic : CK(1076) : AC(179)

Brevetoxins from Florida red tide has neuromuscular blocking properties.

Pubmed Data : Toxicon. 1984 ;22(1):75-84. PMID: 6539006
Article Published Date : Jan 01, 1984
Study Type : Animal Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Neuromuscular Diseases : CK(16) : AC(4), Red Tide Associated Toxicity : CK(70) : AC(16)
Problem Substances : Brevetoxin : CK(38) : AC(13), Red tide : CK(69) : AC(16)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Neurotoxic : CK(1076) : AC(179)

Marine brevetoxin induces IgE-independent mast cell activation.

Pubmed Data : Arch Toxicol. 2011 Feb ;85(2):135-41. Epub 2010 Jun 13. PMID: 20549194
Article Published Date : Feb 01, 2011
Study Type : Animal Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Allergies : CK(502) : AC(92), Mast Cell: Over-Active : CK(6) : AC(4), Red Tide Associated Toxicity : CK(70) : AC(16)
Problem Substances : Brevetoxin : CK(38) : AC(13), Red tide : CK(69) : AC(16)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Interleukin-6 up-regulation : CK(14) : AC(3), Mast cell degranulation stimulator : CK(2) : AC(1)

Red tide toxin (brevetoxin) inhalation worsens the pulmonary response to influenza A in the male rat.

Pubmed Data : J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2011 ;74(5):313-24. PMID: 21240731
Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2011
Study Type : Animal Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Influenza : CK(654) : AC(102), Red Tide Associated Toxicity : CK(70) : AC(16)
Problem Substances : Brevetoxin : CK(38) : AC(13), Red tide : CK(69) : AC(16)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Immunotoxic : CK(230) : AC(38)

The immune system appears to be a target of toxicity following brevetoxin inhalation.

Pubmed Data : J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2004 Sep 24 ;67(18):1443-56. PMID: 15371231
Article Published Date : Sep 24, 2004
Study Type : Animal Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Immune Disorders: Low Immune Function : CK(488) : AC(115), Red Tide Associated Toxicity : CK(70) : AC(16)
Problem Substances : Brevetoxin : CK(38) : AC(13), Red tide : CK(69) : AC(16)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Immunotoxic : CK(230) : AC(38)

The immune system is the primary target for toxicity in rats after repeated inhalation exposure to relatively high concentrations of brevetoxins.

Pubmed Data : Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May ;113(5):626-31. PMID: 15866775
Article Published Date : May 01, 2005
Study Type : Animal Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Immune Disorders: Low Immune Function : CK(488) : AC(115), Red Tide Associated Toxicity : CK(70) : AC(16)
Problem Substances : Brevetoxin : CK(38) : AC(13), Red tide : CK(69) : AC(16)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Immunotoxic : CK(230) : AC(38)

Brevetoxin-2 may lead to lung inflammation through an alveolar macrophage-initiated pathway.

Pubmed Data : Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2010 Sep ;213(5):352-8. Epub 2010 Jul 22. PMID: 20655277
Article Published Date : Sep 01, 2010
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Inflammation : CK(1077) : AC(363), Lung Inflammation : CK(339) : AC(4), Red Tide Associated Toxicity : CK(70) : AC(16)
Pharmacological Actions : Antiproliferative : CK(1052) : AC(775)
Problem Substances : Brevetoxin : CK(38) : AC(13), Red tide : CK(69) : AC(16)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Inflammatory : CK(150) : AC(37)

Harmful algal toxins from Florida red tide can cause a wide range of adverse health effects.

Pubmed Data : Ecotoxicology. 2008 Oct ;17(7):623-31. Epub 2008 Aug 30. PMID: 18758951
Article Published Date : Oct 01, 2008
Study Type : Review
Additional Links
Diseases : Anemia: Hemolytic : CK(76) : AC(8), Asthma : CK(918) : AC(134), Immune Disorders: Low Immune Function : CK(488) : AC(115), Red Tide Associated Toxicity : CK(70) : AC(16), Respiratory Diseases : CK(174) : AC(29)
Problem Substances : Brevetoxin : CK(38) : AC(13), Red tide : CK(69) : AC(16)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Bronchoconstriction : CK(11) : AC(2), Immunosuppressive : CK(155) : AC(23)

Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning may result from Red tide contaminated seafood.

Pubmed Data : Mar Drugs. 2008 ;6(3):431-55. Epub 2008 Jul 12. PMID: 19005578
Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2008
Study Type : Review
Additional Links
Diseases : Ataxia : CK(96) : AC(14), Dizziness : CK(1) : AC(1), Gastrointestinal Complaints : CK(21) : AC(3), Neurologic Disorders : CK(63) : AC(21), Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning : CK(1) : AC(1), Red Tide Associated Toxicity : CK(70) : AC(16)
Problem Substances : Brevetoxin : CK(38) : AC(13), Red tide : CK(69) : AC(16)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Neurotoxic : CK(1076) : AC(179)

Red tide toxin adversely affects airway smooth muscle function.

Pubmed Data : Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2010 Feb ;48(2):121-3. PMID: 20070177
Article Published Date : Feb 01, 2010
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Allergic Airway Diseases : CK(41) : AC(17), Asthma : CK(918) : AC(134)
Problem Substances : Brevetoxin : CK(38) : AC(13), Red tide : CK(69) : AC(16)

Related Blogs

The Truth About Red Tide's Manmade Causes and Health Effects
Written by Sayer Ji, Founder
While environmental authorities and the media tow the party line that red tide is completely "natural," having nothing to do with land-based, human activities, residents along the Florida Gulf Coast are blindly suffering through one of the worst outbreaks in history.
Record Manatee Deaths, But 'Experts' Say No Harms To Humans
Written by Sayer Ji, Founder
Never before in the history of tracking red tide in Florida have so many manatees died as a result of exposure. Despite this concerning fact, 'experts' are towing the party line that there are no human harms associated with long-term exposure. Are they serious?

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