Sunscreen

Sunscreen

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View the Evidence: Problem Substances

Based on oxybenzone and oxybenzone metabolites recovered in urine, between 1 and 2% of an applied sunscreen was absorbed over a 10-hour period.

Pubmed Data : Lancet. 1997 Sep 20;350(9081):863-4. PMID: 9310609
Article Published Date : Sep 20, 1997
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Problem Substances : Octyl salicylate : CK(22) : AC(4), Oxybenzone : CK(30) : AC(10), Sunscreen : CK(71) : AC(14)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Bioaccumulator : CK(104) : AC(23)

Mineral oil containing cosmetics are a potential relevant source of mineral oil contamination in women.

Pubmed Data : J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011 Oct 4. Epub 2011 Oct 4. PMID: 21970597
Article Published Date : Oct 04, 2011
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Petroleum Exposure And Toxicity : CK(49) : AC(18)
Problem Substances : Cosmetics : CK(10) : AC(1), Mineral Oil : CK(178) : AC(39), Sunscreen : CK(71) : AC(14)

Sunscreen agents are absorbed through the skin and make it into systemic circulation throughout the body as measured by their presence in biological fluids.

Pubmed Data : J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2004 Apr 25;803(2):225-31. PMID: 15063329
Article Published Date : Apr 25, 2004
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Problem Substances : Homosalate : CK(11) : AC(2), Octyl salicylate : CK(22) : AC(4), Oxybenzone : CK(30) : AC(10)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Bioaccumulator : CK(104) : AC(23)

Topical microfine titanium dioxide from sunscreens is capable of accumulating in the epidermis and dermis of humans subjects.

Pubmed Data : Australas J Dermatol. 1996 Nov;37(4):185-7. PMID: 8961584
Article Published Date : Nov 01, 1996
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Chemical Exposure : CK(49) : AC(15)
Anti Therapeutic Actions : Nanotechnology : CK(67) : AC(28)
Problem Substances : Sunscreen : CK(71) : AC(14), Titanium Dioxide : CK(41) : AC(17)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Bioaccumulator : CK(104) : AC(23)

Topically applied nanoparticle zinc oxide from sunscreen are capable of being absorbed through the human skin.

Pubmed Data : Toxicol Sci. 2010 Nov;118(1):140-9. Epub 2010 Aug 12. PMID: 20705894
Article Published Date : Nov 01, 2010
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Chemical Exposure : CK(49) : AC(15)
Anti Therapeutic Actions : Nanotechnology : CK(67) : AC(28)
Problem Substances : Sunscreen : CK(71) : AC(14), Zinc Oxide : CK(18) : AC(8)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Bioaccumulator : CK(104) : AC(23)

"Sunscreens cause coral bleaching by promoting viral infections."

Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Apr ;116(4):441-7. PMID: 18414624
Article Published Date : Apr 01, 2008
Study Type : Environmental
Additional Links
Diseases : Coral Reef Damage/Destruction : CK(4) : AC(1)
Additional Keywords : Environmental Toxicity : CK(6) : AC(4)
Problem Substances : Sunscreen : CK(71) : AC(14)

Denatured alcohol may increase the penetration of other chemicals through the skin and may itself exhibit inherent toxicity.

Pubmed Data : Int J Toxicol. 2008;27 Suppl 1:1-43. PMID: 18569160
Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2008
Study Type : Review
Additional Links
Problem Substances : Denatured Alcohol : CK(1) : AC(1), Sunscreen : CK(71) : AC(14)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Bioaccumulator : CK(104) : AC(23)

Nanoparticle sunscreens may have photocarcinogenic potential.

Pubmed Data : Australas J Dermatol. 2011 Feb;52(1):1-6. Epub 2010 Aug 16. PMID: 21332685
Article Published Date : Feb 01, 2011
Study Type : Review
Additional Links
Diseases : Skin Cancer : CK(417) : AC(171)
Anti Therapeutic Actions : Nanotechnology : CK(67) : AC(28)
Problem Substances : Nanoparticles : CK(24) : AC(13), Sunscreen : CK(71) : AC(14), Titanium Dioxide : CK(41) : AC(17)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Carcinogenic : CK(912) : AC(117)

Octyl salicylate is capable of penetrating the skin and being absorbed by the body.

Pubmed Data : Food Chem Toxicol. 1997 Dec;35(12):1219-25. PMID: 9449227
Article Published Date : Dec 01, 1997
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Additional Links
Problem Substances : Octyl salicylate : CK(22) : AC(4)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Bioaccumulator : CK(104) : AC(23)

Sunscreen significantly enhances the absorption of benzene through the skin.

Pubmed Data : J Toxicol Environ Health. 1997 Aug 8;51(5):447-62. PMID: 9233379
Article Published Date : Aug 08, 1997
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Benzene Toxicity : CK(28) : AC(12)
Additional Keywords : Toxic Substance Synergy : CK(5) : AC(3)
Problem Substances : Benzene : CK(130) : AC(22), Sunscreen : CK(71) : AC(14)

The photodegradation of dibenzoylmethanes (synonym: avobenzone) result in the production of cytotoxic metabolites.

Pubmed Data : Chem Res Toxicol. 2009 Nov;22(11):1881-92. PMID: 19856938
Article Published Date : Nov 01, 2009
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Additional Links
Problem Substances : Avobenzone : CK(2) : AC(2), Sunscreen : CK(71) : AC(14)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Cytotoxic : CK(73) : AC(35)

The sunscreen ingredient oxybenzone penetrates deep into the human epidermis following topical application.

Pubmed Data : Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2005 Jul-Aug;18(4):170-4. Epub 2005 May 20. PMID: 15908756
Article Published Date : Jul 01, 2005
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Additional Links
Problem Substances : Oxybenzone : CK(30) : AC(10), Sunscreen : CK(71) : AC(14)

Various compounds used in sunscreens and musks have estrogenic activity.

Pubmed Data : J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2005 Feb 27;68(4):239-51. PMID: 15799449
Article Published Date : Feb 27, 2005
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Additional Links
Problem Substances : Homosalate : CK(11) : AC(2), Octyl P-Dimethylaminobenzoate (PABA) : CK(2) : AC(2), Parabens : CK(59) : AC(21), Sunscreen : CK(71) : AC(14)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Estrogenic : CK(59) : AC(12)

Various sunscreen ingredients including octyl salicylate and oxybezone increases the asborption of other potentially harmful chemicals.

Pubmed Data : Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2004 Mar 15;195(3):348-54. PMID: 15020197
Article Published Date : Mar 15, 2004
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Additional Links
Problem Substances : Benzophenones : CK(31) : AC(9), Octyl salicylate : CK(22) : AC(4), Oxybenzone : CK(30) : AC(10)
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Bioaccumulator : CK(104) : AC(23)

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