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Abstract Title:

Aggressive Mammary Cancers Lacking Lymphocytic Infiltration Arise in Irradiated Mice and Can be Prevented by Dietary Intervention.

Abstract Source:

Cancer Immunol Res. 2019 Dec 12. Epub 2019 Dec 12. PMID: 31831632

Abstract Author(s):

Coral Omene, Lin Ma, Jade Moore, Haoxu Ouyang, Irineu Illa-Bochaca, William Chou, Manan S Patel, Christopher Sebastiano, Sandra Demaria, Jian-Hua Mao, Kubra Karagoz, Michael L Gatza, Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff

Article Affiliation:

Coral Omene

Abstract:

Because the incidence of breast cancer increases decades after ionizing radiation exposure, aging has been implicated in the evolution of the tumor microenvironment and tumor progression. Here, we investigated radiation-induced carcinogenesis using a model in which the mammary glands of 10-month-old BALB/c mice were transplanted with Trp53-null mammary tissue three days after exposure to low doses of sparsely ionizingγ-radiation or densely ionizing particle radiation. Mammary transplants in aged irradiated hosts gave rise to significantly more tumors that grew more rapidly than those in sham-irradiated mice, with the most pronounced effects seen in mice irradiated with densely ionizing particle radiation. Tumortranscriptomes identified a characteristic immune signature of these aggressive cancers. Consistent with this, fast-growing tumors exhibited an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with few infiltrating lymphocytes, abundant immunosuppressive myeloid cells, and high cyclooxgenase-2 and TGFβ. Only aged irradiated hosts gave rise to tumors lacking cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocytes (defined here as immune desert), which also occurred in younger mice. These data suggested that host irradiation may promote immunosuppression. To test this, young chimera mice were fed chow containing a honeybee-derived compound with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). CAPE prevented the detrimental effects of host irradiation on tumor growth rate, immune signature, and immunosuppression. These data indicated that low-dose radiation, particularly densely ionizing radiation, promoted more aggressive cancers by suppressing antitumor immunity. Dietary intervention with a non-toxic immunomodulatory agent could prevent systemic effects of radiation that fuel carcinogenesis, supporting the potential of this strategy for cancer prevention.

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