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Article Publish Status: FREE
Abstract Title:

Bixin Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing TXNIP/NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity and Activating NRF2 Signaling.

Abstract Source:

Front Immunol. 2020 ;11:593368. Epub 2020 Dec 9. PMID: 33362775

Abstract Author(s):

Ye Yu, Dong-Ming Wu, Jing Li, Shi-Hua Deng, Teng Liu, Ting Zhang, Miao He, Yang-Yang Zhao, Ying Xu

Article Affiliation:

Ye Yu

Abstract:

Multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune and degenerative disease, is characterized by demyelination and chronic neuroinflammation. Bixin is a carotenoid isolated from the seeds ofthat exhibits various potent pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. However, the effects of bixin on MS have not yet been examined. To evaluate the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of bixin on MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was established in C57BL/6 mice, which were treatedintragastric administration of bixin solutions. To evaluate the molecular mechanisms of bixin, quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses were performed. We found that bixin significantly improved the symptoms and pathology in EAE mice, reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, and IFN-γ, and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. And bixin reduced the proportion of Th1 and Th17 cells in the spleen and CNS, and suppressed microglia aggregation, and TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activity by scavenging excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in EAE mice. Furthermore, bixin inhibited inflammation and oxidative stressactivating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and its downstream genes in EAE mice, meanwhile, these effects were suppressed upon treatment with an NRF2 inhibitor, ML385. Bixin prevented neuroinflammation and demyelination in EAE mice primarily by scavenging ROS through activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway. Taken together, our results indicate that bixin is a promising therapeutic candidate for treatment of MS.

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