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Article Publish Status: FREE
Abstract Title:

Docosahexaenoic fatty acid reduces the pro-inflammatory response induced by IL-1β in astrocytes through inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factor activation.

Abstract Source:

BMC Neurosci. 2021 Jan 27 ;22(1):4. Epub 2021 Jan 27. PMID: 33499800

Abstract Author(s):

Emilia Zgórzyńska, Dawid Stulczewski, Barbara Dziedzic, Kuan-Pin Su, Anna Walczewska

Article Affiliation:

Emilia Zgórzyńska

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Astrocytes are responsible for a broad range of functions that maintain homeostasis in the brain. However, their response to the pro-inflammatory cytokines released by activated microglia in various neurological pathologies may exacerbate neurodegenerative processes. Accumulating evidence suggests that omega-3 docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA) has an anti-inflammatory effect in various cell cultures studies and in a variety of neurological disorders. In this study we examined the mechanism involved in the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory response by DHA in astrocytes treated with IL-1β.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Activation of the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 was measured in IL-1β-treated primary astrocytes incubated with various concentrations of DHA. COX-2 and iNOS protein expression was determined by Western blot, and TNF-α and IL-6 secretion was measured using ELISA-based assays. DHA treatment inhibited translocation of p65NF-κB to the nucleus, significantly lowered p65NF-κB protein level and fluorescence of p65NF-κB in the nucleus, reduced dose-dependently IκB protein phosphorylation, and the binding of the AP-1 transcription factor members (c-Jun/c-Fos) to the specific TPA-response element (TRE) of DNA. In addition, the expression of pro-inflammatory COX-2 and iNOS proteins was downregulated and TNF-α and IL-6 secretion was also reduced.

CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that DHA is a powerful factor that reduces the pro-inflammatory response in astrocytes. Consequently, successful introduction of DHA into the astrocyte membranes can attenuate neuroinflammation, which is a key factor of age-related neurodegenerative disorders.

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