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Article Publish Status: FREE
Abstract Title:

Gut-microbiota-targeted diets modulate human immune status.

Abstract Source:

Cell. 2021 Jul 6. Epub 2021 Jul 6. PMID: 34256014

Abstract Author(s):

Hannah C Wastyk, Gabriela K Fragiadakis, Dalia Perelman, Dylan Dahan, Bryan D Merrill, Feiqiao B Yu, Madeline Topf, Carlos G Gonzalez, William Van Treuren, Shuo Han, Jennifer L Robinson, Joshua E Elias, Erica D Sonnenburg, Christopher D Gardner, Justin L Sonnenburg

Article Affiliation:

Hannah C Wastyk

Abstract:

Diet modulates the gut microbiome, which in turn can impact the immune system. Here, we determined how two microbiota-targeted dietary interventions, plant-based fiber and fermented foods, influence the human microbiome and immune system in healthy adults. Using a 17-week randomized, prospective study (n = 18/arm) combined with -omics measurements of microbiome and host, including extensive immune profiling, we found diet-specific effects. The high-fiber diet increased microbiome-encoded glycan-degrading carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) despite stable microbial community diversity. Although cytokine response score (primary outcome) was unchanged, three distinct immunological trajectories in high-fiber consumers corresponded to baseline microbiota diversity. Alternatively, the high-fermented-food diet steadily increased microbiota diversity and decreased inflammatory markers. The data highlight how coupling dietary interventions to deep and longitudinal immune and microbiome profiling can provide individualized and population-wide insight. Fermented foods may be valuable in countering the decreased microbiome diversity and increased inflammation pervasive in industrialized society.

Study Type : Human Study

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