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Article Publish Status: FREE
Abstract Title:

Probiotics and Prebiotics for the Amelioration of Type 1 Diabetes: Present and Future Perspectives.

Abstract Source:

Microorganisms. 2019 Mar 2 ;7(3). Epub 2019 Mar 2. PMID: 30832381

Abstract Author(s):

Sidharth Prasad Mishra, Shaohua Wang, Ravinder Nagpal, Brandi Miller, Ria Singh, Subhash Taraphder, Hariom Yadav

Article Affiliation:

Sidharth Prasad Mishra

Abstract:

Type 1-diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta (β)-cells. Genetic and environmental interactions play an important role in immune system malfunction by priming an aggressive adaptive immune response against β-cells. The microbes inhabiting the human intestine closely interact with the enteric mucosal immune system. Gut microbiota colonization and immune system maturation occur in parallel during early years of life; hence, perturbations in the gut microbiota can impair the functions of immune cells and vice-versa. Abnormal gut microbiota perturbations (dysbiosis) are often detected in T1D subjects, particularly those diagnosed as multiple-autoantibody-positive as a result of an aggressive and adverse immunoresponse. The pathogenesis of T1D involves activation of self-reactive T-cells, resulting in the destruction of β-cells by CD8⁺ T-lymphocytes. It is also becoming clear that gut microbes interact closely with T-cells. The amelioration of gut dysbiosis using specific probiotics and prebiotics has been found to be associated with decline in the autoimmune response (with diminished inflammation) and gut integrity (through increased expression of tight-junction proteins in the intestinal epithelium). This review discusses thepotential interactions between gut microbiota and immune mechanisms that are involved in the progression of T1D and contemplates the potential effects and prospects of gut microbiota modulators, including probiotic and prebiotic interventions, in the amelioration of T1D pathology, in both human andanimal models.

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