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Abstract Title:

Western Diet Promotes Intestinal Colonization by Collagenolytic Microbes and Promotes Tumor Formation Following Colorectal Surgery.

Abstract Source:

Gastroenterology. 2019 Oct 23. Epub 2019 Oct 23. PMID: 31655031

Abstract Author(s):

Sara Gaines, Jasper B van Praagh, Ashley J Williamson, Richard A Jacobson, Sanjiv Hyoju, Alexander Zaborin, Jun Mao, Hyun Y Koo, Lindsay Alpert, Marc Bissonnette, Ralph Weichselbaum, Jack Gilbert, Eugene Chang, Neil Hyman, Olga Zaborina, Benjamin D Shogan, John C Alverdy

Article Affiliation:

Sara Gaines

Abstract:

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The western diet, which is high in fat, is a modifiable risk factor for colorectal recurrence after curative resection. We investigated the mechanisms by which the western diet promotes tumor recurrence, including changes in the microbiome, in mice that underwent colorectal resections.

METHODS: BALB/c male mice were fed either standard chow diet or western-type diet (characterized by high fat, no fiber, and decreased minerals and vitamins) for 4 weeks; some mice were given antibiotics or ABA-PEG20k-Pi20 (Pi-PEG), which inhibits collagenase production by bacteria but not bacterial growth, in drinking water. Colorectal resections and anastomoses were then performed. The first day after surgery, mice were given enemas containing collagenolytic rodent-derived strain of Enterococcus faecalis (strain E2), and the second day they were given mouse colon carcinoma cells (CT26). Twenty-one days later, distal colons were removed and colon contents (feces, distal colon, and tumor) were collected. Colon tissues were analyzed by histology, for the presence of collagenolytic colonies, and by 16S rRNA sequencing. determined the anatomical distribution of E faecalis at the site of the anastomosis and within tumors using in situ hybridization. Mouse imaging analyses were used to identify metastases.

RESULTS: Colorectal tumors were found in 88% of mice fed the western diet and given antibiotics, surgery, and E faecalis compared with only 30% of mice fed the standard diet followed by the same procedures. Colon tumor formation correlated with the presence of collagenolytic E faecalis and Proteus mirabilis. Antibiotics eliminated collagenolytic E faecalis and P mirabilis but did not reduce tumor formation. However, antibiotics promoted emergence of Candida parapsilosis, a collagenase-producing microorganism. Administration of a Pi-PEG reduced tumor formation and maintained diversity of the colon microbiome.

CONCLUSIONS: We identified a mechanisms by which diet and antibiotic use can promote tumorigenesis by colon cancer cells at the anastomosis following colorectal surgery. Strategies to prevent emergence of these microbe communities or their enzymatic activities might be used to reduce the risk of tumor recurrence in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery.

Study Type : Animal Study

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