Lichens https://greenmedinfo.com/category/keywords/Lichens en Compounds isolated from lichens are possible candidates for the management of oxidative stress, and in the treatment of chronic diseases. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/compounds-isolated-lichens-are-possible-candidates-management-oxidative-stress n/a PMID:  Molecules. 2014 Sep 12 ;19(9):14496-527. Epub 2014 Sep 12. PMID: 25221871 Abstract Title:  Antioxidant activity and mechanisms of action of natural compounds isolated from lichens: a systematic review. Abstract:  Chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases are characterized by an enhanced state of oxidative stress, which may result from the overproduction of reactive species and/or a decrease in antioxidant defenses. The search for new chemical entities with antioxidant profile is still thus an emerging field on ongoing interest. Due to the lack of reviews concerning the antioxidant activity of lichen-derived natural compounds, we performed a review of the antioxidant potential and mechanisms of action of natural compounds isolated from lichens. The search terms"lichens","antioxidants"and"antioxidant response elements"were used to retrieve articles in LILACS, PubMed and Web of Science published until February 2014. From a total of 319 articles surveyed, 32 met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was observed that the most common isolated compound studied was usnic acid, cited in 14 out of the 32 articles. The most often described antioxidant assays for the study of in vitro antioxidant activity were mainly DPPH, LPO and SOD. The most suggested mechanisms of action were scavenging of reactive species, enzymatic activation and inhibition of iNOS. Thus, compounds isolated from lichens are possible candidates for the management of oxidative stress, and may be useful in the treatment of chronic diseases. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/compounds-isolated-lichens-are-possible-candidates-management-oxidative-stress#comments Cancers: All Chronic Disease Lichens Oxidative Stress Antioxidants Chemopreventive Antioxidants Cancers: All Chemopreventive chronic disease Lichens oxidative stress Review Fri, 06 Jan 2017 04:17:21 +0000 greenmedinfo 141542 at https://greenmedinfo.com Extracts of Parmelia sulcata and Usnea filipendula induced apoptosis-like cell death by causing DNA damage, to cancer cells. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/extracts-parmelia-sulcata-and-usnea-filipendula-induced-apoptosis-cell-death-c n/a PMID:  Cell Prolif. 2014 Oct ;47(5):457-64. Epub 2014 Aug 1. PMID: 25081971 Abstract Title:  Parmelia sulcata Taylor and Usnea filipendula Stirt induce apoptosis-like cell death and DNA damage in cancer cells. Abstract:  OBJECTIVES: Successful cancer treatments still require more compounds to be isolated from natural sources. Thus, we have investigated anti-proliferative/apoptotic effects of methanolic extracts of lichen species Parmelia sulcata Taylor and Usnea filipendula Stirt on human lung cancer (A549, PC3), liver cancer (Hep3B) and rat glioma (C6) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anti-proliferative effects were monitored by MTT and adenosine triphosphate viability assays, while genotoxic activity was studied using the comet assay. Additionally, cell death mode and apoptosis assays (fluorescence staining, caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18, caspase-3 activity and PARP cleavage) were performed. RESULTS: Extracts produced anti-population growth effects in a dose-dependent manner (1.56-100μg/ml) by inducing apoptosis-like cell death. This resulted in the lines having the presence of pyknotic cell nuclei. In addition, significant increase in genetic damage in the cell lines was seen, indicating that DNA damage may have been responsible for apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSION: In this study, methanolic extracts of Parmelia sulcata and Usnea filipendula induced apoptosis-like cell death by causing DNA damage, to cancer cells. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/extracts-parmelia-sulcata-and-usnea-filipendula-induced-apoptosis-cell-death-c#comments Glioma Lichens Liver Cancer Lung Cancer Antiproliferative Apoptotic Antiproliferative Apoptotic Dose Response Glioma Lichens liver cancer lung cancer Parmelia sulcata Plant Extracts In Vitro Study Fri, 06 Jan 2017 04:24:29 +0000 greenmedinfo 141544 at https://greenmedinfo.com P. sulcata inhibited the growth in a dose-dependent manner and induced caspase-independent apoptosis at low doses. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/p-sulcata-inhibited-growth-dose-dependent-manner-and-induced-caspase-independe n/a PMID:  Cytotechnology. 2015 May ;67(3):531-43. Epub 2014 Mar 28. PMID: 24676908 Abstract Title:  Promising anticancer activity of a lichen, Parmelia sulcata Taylor, against breast cancer cell lines and genotoxic effect on human lymphocytes. Abstract:  Plants are still to be explored for new anti-cancer compounds because overall success in cancer treatment is still not satisfactory. As a new possible source for such compounds, the lichens are recently taking a great attention. We, therefore, explored both the genotoxic and anti-growth properties of lichen species Parmelia sulcata Taylor. The chemical composition of P. sulcata was analyzed with comprehensive gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry. Anti-growth effect was tested in human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) by the MTT and ATP viability assays, while the genotoxic activity was studied by assays for micronucleus, chromosomal aberration and DNA fragmentation in human lymphocytes culture. Cell death modes (apoptosis/necrosis) were morphologically assessed. P. sulcata inhibited the growth in a dose-dependent manner up to a dose of 100 μg/ml and induced caspase-independent apoptosis. It also showed genotoxic activity at doses (>125 μg/ml) higher than that required for apoptosis. These results suggest that P. sulcata may induce caspase-independent apoptotic cell death at lower doses, while it may be genotoxic at relatively higher doses. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/p-sulcata-inhibited-growth-dose-dependent-manner-and-induced-caspase-independe#comments Breast Cancer Breast Cancer: Triple Negative Lichens Apoptotic Caspase-3 Activation Apoptotic Breast Cancer Breast Cancer: Triple Negative Caspase-3 Activation Dose Response Lichens Human In Vitro Fri, 06 Jan 2017 04:36:06 +0000 greenmedinfo 141547 at https://greenmedinfo.com The present study shows that lichen compounds demonstrated strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/present-study-shows-lichen-compounds-demonstrated-strong-antioxidant-antimicro n/a PMID:  Phytomedicine. 2012 Oct 15 ;19(13):1166-72. Epub 2012 Aug 22. PMID: 22921748 Abstract Title:  Chemical composition of three Parmelia lichens and antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of some their major metabolites. Abstract:  The aim of this study is to investigate chemical composition of acetone extracts of the lichens Parmelia caperata, P. saxatilis and P. sulcata and antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of some their major metabolites. The phytochemical analysis of acetone extracts of three Parmelia lichens were determined by HPLC-UV method. The predominant phenolic compounds in these extracts were protocetraric and usnic acids (P. caperata) and depsidone salazinic acid (other two species). Besides these compounds, atranorin and chloroatranorin, were also detected in some of these extracts. Antioxidant activity of their isolated metabolites was evaluated by free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging and reducing power. As a result of the study salazinic acid had stronger antioxidant activity than protocetraric acid. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. Both compounds were highly active with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.015 to 1mg/ml. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. Salazinic acid and protocetraric acid were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC(50) values ranging from 35.67 to 60.18μg/ml. The present study shows that tested lichen compounds demonstrated a strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. That suggest that these lichens can be used as new sources of the natural antimicrobial agents, antioxidants and anticancer compounds. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/present-study-shows-lichen-compounds-demonstrated-strong-antioxidant-antimicro#comments Colon Cancer Lichens Melanoma Antimicrobial Antioxidants Chemopreventive Antimicrobial Antioxidants Chemopreventive COLON CANCER Lichens melanoma Human In Vitro Fri, 06 Jan 2017 04:43:30 +0000 greenmedinfo 141548 at https://greenmedinfo.com