Allicin https://greenmedinfo.com/category/keywords/Allicin en Allicin attenuates liver oxidative stress and inflammation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/allicin-attenuates-liver-oxidative-stress-and-inflammation n/a PMID:  J Agric Food Chem. 2016 Sep 28 ;64(38):7104-13. Epub 2016 Sep 19. PMID: 27584700 Abstract Title:  Diet Supplementation with Allicin Protects against Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice by Improving Anti-inflammation and Antioxidative Functions. Abstract:  This study investigated the liver-protective effects of allicin, an active compound in fresh garlic, against alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and liver inflammation. Its effects were investigated in an AFLD model in male C57BL/6 mice, which were fed Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing ethanol. Allicin (5 and 20 mg/kg bw/day) was orally administered daily in the AFLD mice for 4 weeks. The results indicate that allicin promotes hepatoprotection by significantly reducing aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (p<0.05) in the plasma, which are key indicators of liver damage. Allicin reduced fat accumulation, increased glutathione and catalase levels, and decreased microsomal protein cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) expression (p<0.05) in the livers of the AFLD mice. Furthermore, allicin supplementation significantly decreased the levels of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 and suppressed the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) (p<0.05). Additionally, it improved the hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity (p<0.05). Collectively, these findings demonstrate that allicin attenuates liver oxidative stress and inflammation. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/allicin-attenuates-liver-oxidative-stress-and-inflammation#comments Alcohol Toxicity Allicin Fatty Liver Inflammation Oxidative Stress Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antioxidants Interleukin-1 beta downregulation Interleukin-6 Downregulation Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor Alcohol Toxicity Allicin Anti-Inflammatory Agents Fatty Liver Inflammation oxidative stress Animal Study Thu, 07 Sep 2017 22:51:53 +0000 greenmedinfo 152922 at https://greenmedinfo.com Allicin could be used in protection in traumatic spinal cord injury. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/allicin-could-be-used-protection-traumatic-spinal-cord-injury n/a PMID:  Mol Med Rep. 2016 Oct ;14(4):3086-92. Epub 2016 Aug 19. PMID: 27573340 Abstract Title:  Allicin protects traumatic spinal cord injury through regulating the HSP70/Akt/iNOS pathway in mice. Abstract:  Allicin is a major component of garlic, extracted as an oily liquid. The present study was designed to investigate the beneficial effects of allicin on traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in mice, and whether the effects are mediated via regulation of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), v‑akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (Akt) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathways. Adult BALB/c mice (30‑40 g) received a laminectomy at the T9 vertebral level as a model of TSCI. In the present study, treatment of the TSCI mice with allicin significantly increased their Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scores (P<0.01) and reduced the spinal cord water content (P<0.01). This protective effect was associated with the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in TSCI mice. Western blot analysis demonstrated that allicin increased the protein levels of HSP70, increased the phosphorylation of Akt and reduced the iNOS protein expression levels in TSCI mice. Additionally, treatment with allicin significantly reduced the levels of ROS and enhanced the NADH levels in TSCI mice. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the effects of allicin on TSCI are mediated via regulation of the HSP70, Akt and iNOS pathways in mice. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/allicin-could-be-used-protection-traumatic-spinal-cord-injury#comments Allicin Oxidative Stress Spinal Cord Injuries Antioxidants Heat Shock Protein Inducer Neuroprotective Agents Allicin Antioxidants Heat Shock Protein Inducer Neuroprotective Agents oxidative stress Spinal Cord Injuries Animal Study Thu, 07 Sep 2017 22:56:01 +0000 greenmedinfo 152925 at https://greenmedinfo.com Allicin has antileishmanial effects under in vitro and in vivo conditions and may be used in clinical applications. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/allicin-has-antileishmanial-effects-under-vitro-and-vivo-conditions-and-may-be n/a PMID:  PLoS One. 2016 ;11(8):e0161296. Epub 2016 Aug 18. PMID: 27537199 Abstract Title:  Anti-Leishmanial Activity (In Vitro and In Vivo) of Allicin and Allicin Cream Using Leishmania major (Sub-strain Zymowme LON4) and Balb/c Mice. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Leishmania is a unicellular protozoan parasite that produces several human diseases, ranging from localized self-healing cutaneous lesions to deadly visceral infections. OBJECTIVE: The effect of allicin on the growth of Leishmania major (L. major) promastigotes was evaluated under in vitro conditions. Moreover, the efficacy of a topical allicin cream was examined in BALB/c (Bagg albino, laboratory-bred strain of the House Mouse) mice with cutaneous leishmanial lesions compared to the currently used drug, sodiumstibogluconate (pentostam). METHODS: Cytotoxiciy and promastigote proliferation were measured. Different concentrations (50, 100, 150, and 200μM) of liquid allicin were tested on L. major promastigotes twice: after 24 and 48 hours using an MTT colorimetric assay. In the in vivo condition, the efficacies of allicin cream and liquid allicin at two concentrations (0.15 μM/mouse and 0.30 μM/mouse) were evaluated. Serum factors of the control and treated groups were tested to evaluate the toxic effects of allicin on the liver and kidney. RESULTS: Allicin at a concentration of 50μM inhibited the growth of Leishmania promastigotes. Topical application of allicin cream reduced lesion sizes in mice. No significant differences in biochemical analysis were observed between the control and treated groups. CONCLUSIONS: Allicin has antileishmanial effects under in vitro and in vivo conditions and may be used in clinical applications. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/allicin-has-antileishmanial-effects-under-vitro-and-vivo-conditions-and-may-be#comments Allicin Leishmaniasis Leishmanicidal Allicin Leishmaniasis Leishmanicidal Animal Study In Vitro Study Thu, 07 Sep 2017 23:06:43 +0000 greenmedinfo 152927 at https://greenmedinfo.com Allicin improves cardiac function by protecting against apoptosis in rat model of myocardial infarction. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/allicin-improves-cardiac-function-protecting-against-apoptosis-rat-model-myoca n/a PMID:  Chin J Integr Med. 2017 Aug ;23(8):589-597. Epub 2016 Jul 13. PMID: 27412589 Abstract Title:  Allicin improves cardiac function by protecting against apoptosis in rat model of myocardial infarction. Abstract:  OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of allicin on cardiac function and underlying mechanism in rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: Ninety-four Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=14-16 per group): sham control group [underwent thoracotomy without left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion and only received an injection of the same amount of citrate buffer], MI control group (subjected to LAD occlusion and only received an injection of same amount of citrate buffer), positive control group (subjected to LAD occlusion and received an injection of diltiazem hydrochloride at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg), and MI + allicin groups (subjected to LAD occlusion and received an injection of allicin at the doses of 1.2, 1.8, and 3.6 mg/kg). All of the drugs were administered intraperitoneally daily for 21 days. The infarct area was measured by myocardial staining. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes. Cardiac function parameters were assessed by echocardiography. The myocardial apoptotic index was estimated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining. The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. RESULTS: Treatment with allicin could attenuate the myocardial infarct area (P<0.05) and relieve the changes of the myocardium. The left ventricular anterior wall diastolic and systolic thicknesses were increased in the allicin-treated groups (P<0.05), while there was no signifificant difference in the left ventricular posterior wall diastolic and systolic thickness (P>0.05). The left ventricular internal diameter in systole, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and stroke volume were dramatically elevated in allicin-treated rats (P<0.05). Allicin dose-dependently reduced creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels (P<0.05). The myocardial apoptotic index was also markedly lowered, and Bax expression was signifificantly decreased, whereas Bcl-2 expression exhibited an opposite trend in allicin-treated rats (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Allicin appears to exert a cardioprotective effect that may be linked to blocking Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway-denpendent apoptosis, further improving cardiac function. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/allicin-improves-cardiac-function-protecting-against-apoptosis-rat-model-myoca#comments Allicin Myocardial Infarction Anti-Apoptotic Cardioprotective Allicin Anti-Apoptotic Cardioprotective Myocardial Infarction Animal Study Thu, 07 Sep 2017 23:10:09 +0000 greenmedinfo 152928 at https://greenmedinfo.com Allicin provides protection against arsenic trioxide induced liver injury. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/allicin-provides-protection-against-arsenic-trioxide-induced-liver-injury n/a PMID:  Biol Trace Elem Res. 2017 Mar ;176(1):192-200. Epub 2016 Aug 25. PMID: 27561292 Abstract Title:  Activation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway Involving KLF9 Plays a Critical Role in Allicin Resisting Against Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Abstract:  Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is both the most prevalent, naturally occurring inorganic arsenical threatening human health and an efficient therapeutic for acute promyelocytic leukemia. Regretfully, As2O3-treated cancer patients often suffer from hepatotoxicity. While effective antioxidant and anticarcinogenic actions of allicin have previously been demonstrated, studies indicating how allicin affects As2O3-induced hepatotoxicity and arsenic accumulation are lacking. Our study, for the first time, elaborates potential details of the hepatoprotective mechanisms of allicin against As2O3-induced liver injury. Wistar rats were administrated allicin (30 mg/kg) 1 h before As2O3 (3 mg/kg) by daily gavage for 2 weeks. Our results indicate that allicin ameliorated As2O3-induced liver dysfunction, oxidative stress, and arsenic accumulation in the liver. Meanwhile, allicin decreased NF-κB level and upregulated expression of proteins reduced by As2O3 including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate:quinone oxidoreductase 1, and Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9). In addition, allicin promoted B cell lymphoma-extra large expression and suppressed B cell lymphoma-2-associatedX protein levels regulated by As2O3. However, neither allicin nor As2O3 affected cytochrome P450 2E1 mRNA expression. In conclusion, allicin attenuated As2O3-induced hepatotoxicity by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway involving KLF9 to inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis. Our findings elucidate a detailed mechanism by which allicin provides protection against As2O3-induced liver injury and support its potential role as an adjunctive therapy for patients suffering from chronic arsenic exposure. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/allicin-provides-protection-against-arsenic-trioxide-induced-liver-injury#comments Allicin Arsenic Poisoning Oxidative Stress Antioxidants Arsenic Trioxide NF-kappaB Inhibitor Nrf2 activation Allicin Antioxidants Arsenic Poisoning NF-kappaB Inhibitor Nrf2 activation oxidative stress Animal Study Thu, 07 Sep 2017 23:00:33 +0000 greenmedinfo 152926 at https://greenmedinfo.com